一. 文章的套路結(jié)構(gòu):（局限于說明文章，議論文章。）
1. 結(jié)論說明型
A．文章開始出現(xiàn)一個結(jié)論，后為對他的解釋
B.TS(topical sentence即主題句)即為為結(jié)論出現(xiàn)支出；注意特別容易的情況是每一段之主題句是該段首句。
C.什么是“判斷句”？---通常很重要，判斷結(jié)論說明型靠判斷句，直指主題
a.系表結(jié)構(gòu):be. remain
b.含有作者的態(tài)度和評價，注意可能有自由褒貶詞
2.新老觀點型
A.判斷標志:
文章開始不久就出現(xiàn)了老觀點,例如:
it was traditionally assumed?
it was once / usually believed?
Many ××believed that?
Many ××have argued?
It was frequently assumed that?
It was universally accepted that?
過去.傳統(tǒng).大家一致公認的觀點,都是老觀點。
B.TS:陳述新觀點的句子。
C.新觀點特征:
對同一focus給出不同的解釋。
讀到老觀點的時候,應(yīng)該停下來想一想,新觀點可能是什么樣子,從而往下有目的地尋找。
3.現(xiàn)象解釋型
A.判斷標志:首段給出一個自然的或社會的現(xiàn)象,往往很古怪,下文對其做出解釋。
B.可能有多種解釋,TS:作者給了正評價的解釋。
C.需要注意的是:
a.可能先給出幾個錯誤的(作者持負評價),最后一個才是正確的(正平價)。
b.可能所有解釋作者全都不喜歡。
4.問題解決.回答型
A.判斷標志:
a.手段出現(xiàn)了設(shè)問句。
b.首段出現(xiàn)了以下詞語:problem difficulty task puzzle 等
B.TS:作者給出正評價的解決方案。
5.其他類的文章
前班部分是以上四種結(jié)構(gòu)之一,后半部分講了一些與前面無關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
TS在前面,從前面不從后面
二.做題的幾條原則
1.先讀文章后做題也可以先看題在看文章，建議仔細看全文，才能把握主題不至于上當
2.不能憑印象,或自己的知識背景做題。這點我很有感觸，作題不能想當然
2. 做細節(jié)題:必須找原文語言重現(xiàn),正確選項為原文的精確改寫。（難大題目用選項中的關(guān)鍵詞語，掃描全文，此外在讀原文時有意識的記一下
三．平常復(fù)習(xí)的建議
1．復(fù)雜句式――重點訓(xùn)練。推薦王若平的大學(xué)難句和考研難句，隨便哪本都可以。價格好象是20大元。難句重點訓(xùn)練省略，倒裝，復(fù)雜從句，等
2. 生詞.詞組:注意熟詞僻義
3. 注意對找主題句絕對敏感；
4.重點把握:A文章結(jié)構(gòu)；B作者態(tài)度。
具體作題思維：
下面是我的習(xí)慣。希望網(wǎng)友斧正
1. 第一遍讀文章的時候,第一段的1-2句要重讀，可能出主題，或是1-2句本身是作者要批駁的標把
其后幾段
1)例子,注意考 in order to 題型,答案或前或后,例子的目的要比例子本身重要。如果細節(jié)題要注意選鄉(xiāng)有變化，出題老師不會送分給你
2)“:” “--” 同義重復(fù) “；” 相當于順接連詞
3)順接連詞:moreover ,furthermore等。
a. 前后作者態(tài)度一致,可以用于旁證作者態(tài)度；
b. 前面如果有不認識的動詞或者形容詞,后句還可以作掙扎；
c. 如果全段都沒有結(jié)構(gòu)連詞,則缺省為順接關(guān)系,段首為主句。
4)讓步語氣:
讓步之后必有轉(zhuǎn)折,轉(zhuǎn)折部分一定要讀懂強轉(zhuǎn)折很可能出題；
如果轉(zhuǎn)折句沒有讀懂,則回過頭去看讓步部分,取他的相反即可這樣還是可以讀懂句子。
5)觀點.說法:
具體內(nèi)容可以快速略去,關(guān)鍵要把握代表人物.作者態(tài)度。作者態(tài)度很重要，很可能出題
2.選項處理
1)直選法:精確定位是關(guān)鍵。
2)正確選項必須是原文的精確改寫:
a.主動詞:與原文同義或者近義；
b.直接賓語；
c.范疇:包括各種狀語(時間.地點等).作用范圍.人物群體等等。
3.排除法:
1)最重要的是文字對應(yīng)法；
2)先應(yīng)該縱向掃描選項,如果在講同一對象,則先回原文定位,再做選擇。
四.重點語言現(xiàn)象
1. 主題句
2. 每段的主體詞、關(guān)鍵詞（兩三個）
3. 強對比（肯定、絕對要出題1)unlike, in contrast to, be distinguish from
2)時間:once, now, new, nowadays, current ideas, until, recently, past,
in 1950’s?
3)最高級,唯一性
最高級:most, uttermost, foremost, least, always, never, first, last, all, every, any, each, none, -est
唯一性:only, sole, unique, exclusively, mere
關(guān)聯(lián)對比詞：a. Unlike（相反）b. Contrast c. On the other hand d. On the contrary
4. 強轉(zhuǎn)折
雖然：However/While
但是：But, Yet, Whereas
In fact-Actually2. 強因果
Because/Since/For/冒號/分號
表所以：Thus/Hence/Therefore/Lead to/Result in/Result from/Lie in
表結(jié)論：Conclude/Conclusion/Conclusive
表后果：Consequent/Consequence
5. 強調(diào)詞、強調(diào)性語言
1) 最高級
順序最高級：First
頻率最高級：Always/Never
程度最高級：Foremost/Uttermost/Utmost
2) 唯一性
Only/Sole(ly)/Unique(ly)/Exclusive(ly)/Alone(后置)
3) 比較級
More than/Less than/As…as…/Similar to/The same as
慎重對待題肢中的最高級、比較級
6. 專有名詞
人名、物種（動植物）、化學(xué)物質(zhì)、地名
Nevertheless-Nonetheless
Rather-Instead
Despite-In spite of
注意：
極端轉(zhuǎn)折（最后半句是想說的）
多重轉(zhuǎn)折三中標點符號
引號（引用某人原話；表強調(diào)；表負評價）--易出題
括號、破折號--表插入、補充、解釋
6. 判斷句（定性結(jié)論、提綱挈領(lǐng)）（可能是主題體）
1) 系動詞、情態(tài)動詞
Be/Remain/Seem/Can/Cannot/May/Might
2) 自由褒貶詞
例：His (brazen/penetrating) view (successfully/curiously) changed our attitude
第二部分 題目類型
一.主題題型
(一)問main idea, primary purpose，title,etc
1.正確選項必須具備三個特征:
①有focus； ②無細節(jié)； ③態(tài)度與原文一致
--能找到TS則直接改寫,找不到依據(jù)這三個特征使用排除法
2.先看選項的主體動詞,迅速排除干擾項
①presentation型的文章
present, describe, explain, illustrate, point out?（此只是技巧有時靠不�。�
②argumentation型的文章
evaluate, criticize, refute, challenge, counter, correct
--出現(xiàn)了則優(yōu)先選（此只是技巧有時靠不�。�
(二)問focus: 應(yīng)直接定位TS
需要注意以下幾點:
后面出現(xiàn)大段無關(guān)論述時:主題“從前不從后”；
從面TS已對某事物給了正態(tài)度,末尾再作轉(zhuǎn)折,說一些毛病,缺點,這是倒讓步,而不是文章的重點,不用考慮！
二.作者態(tài)度題型
態(tài)度題的做法：
判斷依據(jù)：
1判斷句（系動詞、情態(tài)動詞、自由褒貶詞）前面兩個好理解，自由褒貶詞一說是新東方老師的稱呼，這也是他教的方法。通過找它對判斷作者態(tài)度很有作用，但前提是你對全文的結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯把握的比較好，單純通過自由褒貶詞的判斷還是不很保險，但這是一個思路，考研英語的語言難度不是太大，還是好判斷的
2某些某些名人說話引號中的形容詞或副詞表評價（注意我上次改正的帖子，我也貼在這里
所謂名人態(tài)度題分兩種，
1是問某人態(tài)度，可能出某人的ATTITUDE NOT INCLUDE。。。？ 2是主題的態(tài)度，借名人來造勢
這就出現(xiàn)了
1作者的意見和名人的一致，要注意全文的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，比較明顯的詞FOR EXAMPLE SUCH。。AS 。。SUCH AS。等等很多，自己平常作題時有意識記一下，只要知道下面的話是用來支持觀點的，所以我說，例子的的目的要重要于例子本身，這種題容易丟分。
2作者的意見和名人的不一致，有時名人的話只是給文章好開個頭，批的就是他。這就是觀點對立式主題文章的類型，在文中的明顯的詞有：IS TEMPTED TO SAY，IT IS PRESUMELY BELIEVEED THAT 。。。等等，平常作題時有意識記一下，注意觀點對立式這里就一定出現(xiàn)了意思的強轉(zhuǎn)折，例如HOWER，BUT ，WHILE，ON THE CONTRARY 等等。而且在闡述作者本身觀點時可能會有自由褒貶詞，一定要小心呀
3一些實義動詞表評價，尤其在講原理，或研究的文章中：（我舉了一些實際遠不止這么多，建議自己總結(jié)一下
a. 負：fail to/overestimate/underestimate/exaggerate/
misinterpret/misrepresent/ignore/neglect/overlook
b. 正：find/discover/show/demonstrate/prove/confirm/determine
4） 讓步：前半句是假話；后半句是真正要說的，轉(zhuǎn)折：一般大負小正原則上以大為準兼顧小的，如果選鄉(xiāng)中只有大的以大為準。
a. It is true/correct; Of course
b. No doubt; Undoubtedly
c. 助動詞do/may/seem/appear
5） 從大不從小原則：從全文來講，看前面、開頭或主題講的是什么評價。
2. 做題注意事項：
1） 避免極端選項，太激進的選鄉(xiāng)，請注意極端選項排除法只是個輔助的方法，適用范圍較窄。
2） 混和評價的正確選項的表達方式：
a. …but/and…
如：critical but admiring（大正小負）
correct but limited correct and incomplete
b. 由修飾詞所限定的評價詞：
partially (correct); qualified (approval)（打了折扣的，有限制的）；
guarded (criticism) （慎重的）；tentative (acceptance)（暫時的，嘗試性的）
reluctant (criticism)（不情愿的）；enthusiasm tempered by minor reservation
還有INFER 題我真的對他沒什么把握，他對應(yīng)試者的素質(zhì)要求很高。
三.該拿分的定位題
--需要重點練習(xí)迅速定位.精確改寫的技巧！！細節(jié)題目有時考的很偏應(yīng)盡量拿分再次提醒不要用背景知識答題。
1．in order to題型(example的作用？)
①原文先總結(jié),后example,則應(yīng)該往前定位
標志:for example/for instance/such as/like
②原文先example,后總結(jié)歸納,則應(yīng)該往后定位
標志:thus, hence, conclusion
③如果沒有任何標志,則前后為順接關(guān)系,一般為先結(jié)論后舉例,往前定位
2強對比取非題
①簡單強對化
unlike, in contrast to, compared with
②時間強對比---時間可能有變化，比如原文1970S，選項為30 DECADES AGO，等等
3．態(tài)度題
4．主題問TITLE題
5，決大多數(shù)細節(jié)題，關(guān)鍵看你的敏感度和瞬間記憶，作完主題題再查找也可以。
本人做閱讀兩遍操作
下面說說我的思維過程（很多是新東方教的再結(jié)合網(wǎng)友經(jīng)驗）：
1第一段詳細讀,集中最高注意力的讀,每一句都讀（因為判斷套路60%看第一段能做出個預(yù)測）.
2 每段首句好好讀,盡可能多的把握其用意,尤其是和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系,在這樣結(jié)構(gòu)的文章中充當什么角色 如果這一段寫的是觀點,則一定要讀,不僅要讀,還要思考,思考它在全文中的作用,思考它的啟承轉(zhuǎn)合。重點要讀讀新觀點 如果這一段是個研究,試驗,則明白它的研究對象, 看到啟程轉(zhuǎn)合,凝神靜看。放慢速度. 如果這一段寫的是觀點,則一定要讀,不僅要讀,還要思考,思考它在全文中的作用,思考它的啟承轉(zhuǎn)合!其中重點讀新觀點,舊觀點略! 如果這一段講的是個具體的內(nèi)容,進程,事件,原理...則基本不要讀,知道他講什么就夠了!讀轉(zhuǎn)折詞,這是為了看看是否有意外的觀點!沒有,則可以做題了! 遇到however ,in fact ,is driven to, purpose of, instead of, not...but..., unlike, contrast. 等等等有指導(dǎo)意義的詞組,要慢讀,并且使勁記住主體詞!
例如涉及到誰,反對了什么。全文中for example, for instance等不讀.想一下是針對誰舉的例 子就可以,記住,例子的目的遠遠比內(nèi)容要重要. 末句之重要!因為文章該結(jié)束了,作者一般在這 個時候必須給讀者一個交待,所以通常講出一些比較有指導(dǎo)意義的話! 對于文章末句要予以高度關(guān)注,尤其是末斷的讓步!一般不能撼動前面作者一直持續(xù)的態(tài)度,只是作者為了嚴謹客觀起見的闡述.
3。同時劃記號
如：
主題結(jié)構(gòu)類(主題.organization.各段作用.各段結(jié)構(gòu).態(tài)度.寫作；)
in order to題,imply題,所以遇到in order to一定要筆記；
大寫名詞,斜體字,一定要記
強對比(rather than. unlike.)
列舉,3個以上的列舉
連詞(not..but..; not only..but also.. ;no longer ..but
缺陷,尤其是unless怎樣怎樣,就更好,一定要筆記
最后還有細節(jié)題。這種題型相對有一些難度,但是如果對段落的把握比較好,就好定。這要求在讀文的時候有意識記住，對瞬間記憶要求高
4讀完后不急作題，花10秒理一下思路和結(jié)構(gòu)，先做主題題 INORDER TO 提等和全文有關(guān)的題目
5。細節(jié)題目，第二遍查找式閱讀因為對主題把握的好，又記錄了一些細節(jié)，所以相對速度還湊活
后記：
方法不是絕對，怎么方便怎么來，這也是我主持這次討論的原因，對自己一段時間的學(xué)習(xí)做個檢討，總結(jié)。我的這些意見只提供參考，總之，作題，分析是為了提高分數(shù)，方法不是絕對，怎么方便怎么來，但我建議大家還是學(xué)會預(yù)測。頂級高手確實一遍就過，
實戰(zhàn)演練：
(1)
With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物種). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.
Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”
1. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.
A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas
B. save endangered animals from dying out
C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study
D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another
2. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.
A. available panda eggs B. host animals
C. qualified researchers D. enough money
3. The best title for the passage may be _______.
A. China’s Success in Pandas Cloning
B. The First Cloned Panda in the World
C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas
D. China -the Native Place of Pandas Forever
4. From the passage we know that _______.
A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog
B. scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit
C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches
D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century
【答案與解析】本文講述中國正在竭力克隆瀕臨絕種的熊貓，這和Texas A & M University 的Noah's Ark(諾亞方舟)工程極為相似，都是想拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物。
1. B。語義理解題。從第2段內(nèi)容可知，“諾亞方舟”工程的目標是把瀕臨滅絕的動物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA儲存在液體氮中，如果某一種動物瀕臨滅絕時，將來可以重現(xiàn)這一動物。
2. A。細節(jié)題。從第6段第1句話 The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available (capable of being used ) panda eggs could be a major problem 可以做出正確判斷。
3. C。主旨題。從文章內(nèi)容來看，無論是中國還是世界克隆熊貓還沒有成功，所以排除A、B項；D項內(nèi)容明顯與文章內(nèi)容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊貓的可能性”應(yīng)該是這篇文章的標題。
4. D。判斷題。此題B項的干擾性較強，但由于它沒有說明是Chinese scientists，所以應(yīng)排除。A、C項明顯與原文不符。根據(jù)文章第3段第1句可知答案非D莫屬。
(2)
Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient -no matter where he or she may be.
Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(癥狀) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(遠程診斷) will be based on real physiological data(生理數(shù)據(jù)) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient’s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need-especially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions.
But there is one problem. Bandwidth(寬帶) is the limiting factor for sending complex(復(fù)雜的) medical pictures around the world - CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service.
Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common.
1. The writer chiefly talks about _______.
A. the use of telemedicine B. the on-lined doctors
C. medical care and treatment D. communication improvement
2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _______.
A. personal data assistance
B. some words of a patient
C. real physiological information
D. medical pictures from the Internet
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？
A. Patients don’t need doctors in hospitals any more.
B. It is impossible to send a patient’s signs over the telephone.
C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.
D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.
4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _______.
A. bandwidth isn’t big enough to send complex medical pictures
B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet
C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs
D. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care
【答案與解析】本文主要講述人們將來可以通過網(wǎng)上看病，醫(yī)生可以根據(jù)病人的生理數(shù)據(jù)做出遠程診斷。隨著第二代因特網(wǎng)和第三代移動手機為將來的遠程醫(yī)療服務(wù)，尤其是寬帶網(wǎng)交流價格的下降，遠程醫(yī)療和醫(yī)藥信息、專家意見和診斷共享將成為家常便飯。
1. A。主旨題。第2段和第3段的內(nèi)容，可知最佳答案為A。
2. C。細節(jié)題。從第2段第2句話中的…remote diagnosis(遠程診斷) will be based on real physiological data(生理數(shù)據(jù)) from the actual patient 可以做出正確判斷。
3. D。判斷題。網(wǎng)上可以看病并不就是說病人去醫(yī)院不需要醫(yī)生，排除A項；通過電話發(fā)送病人的信息是可行的，排除B項；現(xiàn)在至少有一個醫(yī)療隊想用遠程醫(yī)療來治療疾病，C項也不對；根據(jù)文章最后一句話With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common 可以肯定答案是D。
4. A。推斷題。根據(jù)第4段第2句話 Bandwidth(寬帶) is the limiting factor for sending complex(復(fù)雜) medical pictures around the world - CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users可知答案為A。
(3)
Scientists are uncovering the secrets of two port cities lost under the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, a researcher said yesterday.
Herakleion and Menouthis were rich and proud cities until something reduced them to rubble (碎石) and buried them in the mud beneath 30 feet of sea water, French underwater explorer Franck Goddio said at the American Geophysical Union conference.
“This is a mystery that is ongoing,” said Goddio, a founder of the European Institute of Marine Archeology, a Paris-based underwater research organization backed by the wealthy Hilti Foundation of Liechtenstein(列支敦士登基金會).
The destruction of the twin port cities has haunted Goddio ever since he happened upon the site about 15 miles from Alexandria while exploring sunken ships from Napoleon’s fleet.
Goddio and his group of expert divers, marine archeologists(海洋考古學(xué)家) and others, are using high powered vacuums, satellite navigation systems and sophisticated sonar(聲納) to excavate(挖掘) the sunken cities from underneath a carpet of silt about one meter (three feet) high.
Walls of shops, remains of streets and gold artifacts have been found and recovered.
Some experts believe that the port cities were destroyed by a series of massive earthquakes, much like the quakes scientists believe felled Troy(特洛伊城), Jericho and other ancient cities. The uniform direction of the collapsed columns and walls suggest an earthquake, Goddio said, but no fault lines have been found nearby.
Other researchers believe a massive wave, caused by either an offshore earthquake or a distant underwater landslide, could explain the catastrophe. Still others think rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities.
“The argument, as you can see, continues,” Goddio said.
1. The reason why the two port cities disappeared under the waters of Mediterranean Sea is that ______.
A. the two port cities were destroyed by huge earthquakes
B. the disappearance of the two port cities was caused by underwater landslide
C. rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities
D. the story didn’t tell us at all
2. From the story we can draw a conclusion that _______.
A. the two port cities were famous for their wealth and the mystery
B. the two cities belonged to France
C. some mysterious creatures from other planets destroyed the two cities
D. the American Geophysical Union conference was once held in one of the two cities
3. This article is probably from _______.
A. a scientific magazine
B. a report to the government
C. a school text book
D. a scientific report in a newspaper
(1-3 DBD)
【答案與解析】本文報道了人們對法國地中海中的兩座城市沉如海底的各種推測。
1. D。推斷題。文章只對城市下沉的原因作了一些推測但未作出結(jié)論。由此可推知此題答案為D。
2. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章中所提到的與之相關(guān)的名稱，如：French underwater explorer Franck Goddio, a Paris-based underwater research organization, Napoleon’s fleet可推知此題答案為B。
3. D。推斷題。文章討論地中海中的兩座城市下沉的原因，顯然與地質(zhì)科學(xué)有關(guān)，故選D。注意不宜選A，一個顯然的因素是第1段中出現(xiàn)的yesterday。
(4)
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(癡呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷爾蒙) , U.S. reseachers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老癡呆癥). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(懷孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保護神經(jīng)的) effects,” Kinsley said.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant-that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改變) to the brain.”
1. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?
A. Some researchers have told them.
B. Many women say so.
C. They know it by experimenting on rats.
D. They know it through their own experience.
2. What does the phrase “l(fā)itters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?
A. Baby rats. B. Animals. C. Old rats. D. Grown-up rats.
3. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
A. Estrogen. B. The hormones of pregnancy.
C. More exercise. D. Taking care of children.
4. “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?
A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.
B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.
5. Which title is the best for this passage?
A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?
B. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter
C. Mysterious Hormones
D. An Important Study
【答案與解析】本文介紹了一個觀點：母性特點能使婦女變得更加聰明靈敏。
1. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Tests on rats show… 可知科學(xué)家是通過做老鼠實驗得出這個結(jié)論的。
2. A。詞義猜測題。后面的對比who have no babies，實際上提供了一個相反的情況，所以我們可以推測those who raise two or more litters of pups中的litters of pups指的是“剛出生不久的小老鼠”。
3. B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第 3 段中的 …the hormones of pregnancy(懷孕) are protecting the brain可得出答案。
4. C。句意理解題�？茖W(xué)家通過用老鼠做實驗來說明人的問題。因為人和老鼠都屬于哺乳動物，很多生理機能都相同。
5. B。主旨題。短文第 1 句 Motherhood may make women smarter 是主題句，據(jù)此我們可以得出答案。
(5)
To get cash out in the 21st century, you won’t need a bank card, a PIN(個人識別編號) or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris(虹膜). For identification(識別) purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you’ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: “Would you like cash or a statement?” An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer.
1. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. A new medical instrument
B. A new type of talking machine.
C. A new type of cash machine.
D. National Cash Register
2. What is this new machine called?
A. Stella B. ATM C. PIN D. NCR
3. When you want to get cash out in the 21st century, you will _______.
A. need a bank card B. have to put in your PIN
C. move your finger D. just look directly at the teller machine
【答案解析】本文介紹了自動取款機的新型的識別儲戶方法。
1. C。主旨題。閱讀全文可知本文介紹的是新型取款機的設(shè)計原理及工作方式，故選 C。
2. A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù) Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally… 及 Once you’ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says… 可知答案為 A。
3. D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù) To get cash out in the 21st century, you won’t need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye,…可知僅僅徑直看著取款機就可以了，故選答案 D。
(6)
Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.
There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses(凝結(jié)). Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers, lakes, and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄霧) above the water. Water vapour also gets into the air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways the water returns to the air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to earth, and the cycle starts again. It continues even if snow or hail(冰雹) fall instead because both eventually melt to form water. The amount of water vapour in the air depends on the temperature. The air is more moist(潮濕) in the tropics(熱帶) than in the cold polar regions.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Water cycle. B. Water vapour.
C. How rain forms. D. Water, vapour, rain.
2. How many ways of the water returning to the air are discussed in the text?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on _______.
A. how much water is evaporated B. how good your eyes are
C. in which way water is evaporated D. climate or weather
4. From the passage we get to know _______.
A. there is more water vapour in the air in the tropics than in cold polar regions
B. there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar region than in the tropics
C. it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vapour
D. the amount of water vapour in the air depends on how often it rains
【答案與解析】本文闡述了水循環(huán)的全過程。
1. A。主旨題。文章第1段，特別是最后一句Meteorologists call this the water cycle. 已點明主題。
2. B。判斷題。讀完第2段，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)水返回空中的方式有3種：第1種是太陽蒸發(fā)地面上的水使之變成水蒸氣返回空中；第2種是樹和植物釋放出的水蒸氣；第3種是人和動物呼出的水蒸氣。
3. D。語義理解題。從第2段第9句話On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄霧) above the water. 可以找到為什么。
4. A。判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句話The air is more moist(潮濕) in the tropics(熱帶) than in the cold polar regions 可知答案。
(7)
Technology is the application(應(yīng)用) of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via(通過) medical technology.
Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the latest statistics(統(tǒng)計) show that the United States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually(每年) into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources(少的資源) we may well find technological substitutes(代用品)for many of them through our research programs.
Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills, on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living.
1. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The definition of technology B. Modern technology
C. The application of technology D. The development of technology
2. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living.
B. The three major factors of production (land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology.
C. Technology is the response to our needs.
D. The United States is making great efforts to advance its technology.
3. According to the passage, people can live a long life with the help of _______.
A. higher quality of life B. medical technology
C. modern farming machinery D. technological substitute
【答案與解析】“科學(xué)技術(shù)是生產(chǎn)力”是這篇文章的主題。
1. B。主旨題。文章的主要筆墨是用在科學(xué)技術(shù)的作用上，所以答案應(yīng)選B。
2. A。主旨題。文章最后一句Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living 就是主題句。
3. B。判斷題。從文章第2段第2句話…the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely 可以肯定答案選B。
(8)
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(脛骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(橈骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (鈣) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
1. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.
A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
2. Scientists have found that _______.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies
C. astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
3. What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?
A. The food they eat in space. B. The drinks they take in space.
C. The temperature in space. D. The gravity in space.
4. In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.
A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow
(1-4 DBDA)
【答案與解析】本文介紹了法國對太空宇航員長期在太空飛行，會使骨里的密度減少而對骨不利的研究。
1. D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第4段的定語從句who had spent one to six months in space可推知此題答案為D。
2. B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第5段第1句The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(脛骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone可推知此題答案為B。
3. D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第6段Without gravity…所引起的結(jié)果，可推知此題答案為D。
4. A。詞義猜測題。上文提到對十五人進行研究表明在整個航行過程中骨損在繼續(xù)，下文再說especially striking，可知是“特別明顯”的事，因此選A。
(9)
Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water.
This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed.
Although it is one of the largest spiders in New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesn’t disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple(波紋) when it skims(掠過) across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey.
Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.
After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming(修飾) itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae(觸角), and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body.
It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles(泡沫) of air so that the spider can run down a blade(葉片) of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater.
It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating, she produces a large egg sac(囊), which she carries around for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tiny spiders into the nursery web.
1. How does the grass water spider kill its prey?
A. in a web B. by drowning C. by poisoning D. with its antennae
2. the writer describes the special spider as “special” because _______.
A. it walks on water B. it has eight eyes
C. of its hairy appearance D. of the way it produces its young
3. The passage tells us that the spider ______.
A. feeds grass and thistles to its young.
B. lives on blades of grass under the water
C. lives in the grass on the banks of streams
D. eats a meal once every five weeks
4. The purpose of the passage is to _______.
A. convince readers that spiders are dangerous
B. indicate that the grass water spider is endangered
C. list all of the spiders that can be found in New Zealand
D. describe the characteristics of the grass water spider
(1-4 BACD)
【答案與解析】本文介紹了一種水蜘蛛的生活情況。
1. B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第4段描述by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.可推知此題答案為B。
2. A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第1段后面的并列分句by running along the surface of the water.可推知此題答案為A。
3. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2段第1句This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams可推知此題答案為C。
4. D。主旨題。主文主要介紹了這種水蜘蛛的生活情況，由此可知作者的目的是要讀者了解水蜘蛛的特征，所以選D。
(10)
Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks-we are not born with them. A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around-family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike, new Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遺傳學(xué)). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta. Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.
1. Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance _______.
A. has little to do with culture
B. has much to do with culture
C. is ever changing
D. is different from place to place
2. According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed _______.
A. before birth B. as soon as one’s teeth are newly set
C. sometime after new teeth are set D. around 15 years old
3. Ray Birdwhistell can tell what area of the United States a person is from by _______.
A. how much he or she laughs B. how he or she raises his or her eyebrows
C. what he or she likes best D. the way he or she talks
4. This passage might have been taken out of a book dealing with ________.
A. physics B. chemistry C. biology D. none of the above
(1-4 BCAD)
【答案與解析】本文介紹了人的面目不是生來注定，而是后天習(xí)得的理論。
1. B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2句physical appearance is often culturally programmed可推知此題答案為B。
2. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章中間的句子the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set可推知此題答案為 C。
3. A。推斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾部分對各個地方人笑的多少的歸納可推知此題答案為A。
4. D。推斷題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容與選項的比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項A、B、C與文章內(nèi)容毫無關(guān)系，從而可推知此題答案為D。
(11)
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful(有壓力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(轉(zhuǎn)移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support - money aid, material resources, and needed services - that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
1. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can _______.
A. make people live more easily
B. smooth away daily problems
C. deal with life changes
D. cure types of illnesses
2. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______.
A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions” ?
A. takes place of B. makes up of
C. lessens the effect of D. gets rid of
4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of _______.
A. instrumental support B. informational support
C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect
5. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Kinds of social support.
C. Ways to deal with stress. D. Effects of stressful conditions.
【答案與解釋】現(xiàn)代社會中的人們各方面的壓力很大，所以融洽的人際關(guān)系顯得很重要。它可以緩解部分壓力，增加信息，幫助解決一些日常困難。
1. A。主旨題。雖然選項B、C、D的內(nèi)容在文章中都談到了，但選項A更全面。另一方面，根據(jù)文章第1段的第1句也可推知答案為A。
2. B。判斷題。從第 1 段的最后一句話可以做出正確判斷。
3. C。語義猜測題。文章第2段告訴我們?nèi)伺c人之間互相支持和幫助可以從幾個方面緩解人的壓力。注意文章最后一句中的 reduce 與選項C中的 lessen 大致同義。
4. C。細節(jié)題。從文章第 2 段內(nèi)容，采用排除法，可以得知答案為 C。
5. A。主旨題。通讀全文可知答案。
(12)
LONDON - Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.
Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hanger also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.
Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.
Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.
“Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress,” says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.
Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.
“There is a new parenting trend(趨勢) under way which says that you have to tap all your child’s potential(潛能) at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Apter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist(青少年精神病專家).
“It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted.”
1. From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that _______.
A. Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons
B. Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job
C. Hagner is interested in sports and music
D. Hagner busies herself by following a trend
2. British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _______.
A. treat their children as sports players
B. pay no attention to their children's lessons
C. bring up their children in a simple way
D. give their children little time to develop freely
3. The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ________.
A. activities in the country are too competitive
B. children should attend four clubs at a time
C. some clubs result in competitive pressures
D. clubs should have more subjects for school children
4. The last paragraph tells us that in Britain _______.
A. parents used to take their children to every club
B. parents used to be wise on how to raise children
C. parents have all benefited from children’s clubs
D. parents have come to know the standard of education
【答案與解析】現(xiàn)在的英、美中產(chǎn)家庭的父母親讓孩子們參加各種課外俱樂部，學(xué)習(xí)體育、語言、音樂、數(shù)學(xué)等，把孩子們變成了學(xué)習(xí)的機器。
1. D。語義理解題。因為第 2 段就是第 1 段內(nèi)容的具體化。
2. D。判斷題。從文章內(nèi)容可以看出，在英國，孩子們在學(xué)校已經(jīng)夠累了，回到家里，父母親還要他們參加課外俱樂部的一個又一個活動，孩子們自己發(fā)展的空間當然沒有了。
3. C。判斷題。第 6 段第 4 句話 But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities 把俱樂部不好的作用講得清楚明了。
4. B。判斷題。從本段第 2 句話 But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted 可以判斷出，在英國，過去家長們是知道怎樣教育孩子們的。
(13)
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing(批評) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接觸) with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
1. People who are unhappy _______.
A. always consider things differently from others
B. usually are affected by the results of certain things
C. usually misunderstand what others think or say
D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things
2. The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” most nearly means “_______”.
A. have a good taste with social life B. make others unhappy
C. tend so scold others openly D. enjoy the pleasure of life
3. We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A. we should pity all such unhappy people
B. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life
C. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness
D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons
4. If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should _______.
A. prevent any communication with them
B. show no respect and politeness to them
C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects
D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes
5. In this passage, the writer mainly _______.
A. describes two types of people
B. laughs at the unhappy people
C. suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness
D. tells people how to be happy in life
【答案與解析】生活中有些人擁有相等的健康、財富和生活條件，但由于考慮事情、人物、事件的角度不同，一些人感到幸福，而另一些人則感到不幸福。由于這些不幸福的人處處冒犯別人，其結(jié)果只能是處于被孤立的境地。
1. D。判斷題。從第 2 段第 4 句話Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things 可以看出另一些人為什么感到不幸福的原因。
2. B。詞義猜測題。從該短語后的…offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere 可以猜出 “sour the pleasure of society” 的正確含義。
3. C。判斷題。從第 2 段中倒數(shù)第 2 句話The habit may be strong, but it may be cured可以判斷出人們可以改變不幸福的脾性。
4. A。判斷題。從第 3 段中的倒數(shù)第 2 句話If they do not(change this bad habit), it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接觸) with them 可以看出作者的態(tài)度。
5. C。主旨題。本文主要講的是那些感覺不幸福的人處處冒犯別人，若長期以往，則只能處于被孤立的境地，所以他們應(yīng)改變自己的習(xí)慣。
(14)
Traveling can be a way to gain life experiences, especially during Spring Break - a week long school vacation in the United States. But what if you’re a student and don’t have enough money for a trip? Don’t worry. Here are some useful suggestions.
●Save: This probably is the most important preparation for traveling. Cut expenses to fatten your wallet so you’ll have more choices about where to go and how to get there.
●Plan ahead: Don’t wait until the last minute to plan your trip. Tickets may cost more when bought on short notice. Giving yourself several months to get ready can mean security(安全) and savings.
●Do your homework: No matter where you go, research the places you will visit. Decide what to see. Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and restaurants.
●Plan sensibly: Write down what you expect to spend for food and hotels. Stick to your plan or you may not have enough money to cover everything.
●Travel in groups: Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places. By traveling with others you can share costs and experiences.
●Work as you go: Need more money to support your trip? Look for work in the places you visit.
●Go off the beaten path: Tourist cities may be expensive. You may want to rethink your trip and go to a lesser-known area. Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights.
●Pack necessary things: The most important things to take are not always clothes: Remember medicine in case you get sick and snacks in case you cannot find a cheap restaurant.
●Use the Internet: The Net can help to save money. Some useful websites include www. Travelocity. com, www. bargains-lowest fare. com and www. Economic travel. com.
By planning sensibly, even students can enjoy the travel. Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime.
1. This passage is about _______.
A. how to plan your travel B. how to travel with enough money
C. how to make your travel interesting D. how to get life experiences
2. Before your trip, the first thing you should do is _______.
A. to make a plan of the route B. to get information in the Internet
C. to save money by spending less D. to buy tickets in advance
3. The writer advises you _______.
A. to share costs with any other people B. not to go to well-known places
C. not to visit dangerous places D. to buy anything you want to buy
4. During your trip, _______.
A. you need more shoes than clothes
B. you shouldn’t look for work all the way
C. you can gain valuable life experiences
D. you should forget to do your homework
【答案與解析】本文是對學(xué)生計劃旅行所作準備提出的建議。
1. A。主旨題。根據(jù)第1段最后句及全文的內(nèi)容可推知此題答案為A。
2. C。推斷題。根據(jù)第1則建議可推知此題答案為C。
3. B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第7則建議可推知此題答案為B。
4. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章的首句和尾句可知此題答案為C。
（15）
Right is right. Right? Of course. But is left wrong? Well, the Romans used to think so. They thought left-handed people were mistakes of nature. Latin, the language of the Romans, had many words that expressed this view. Some words we use today still have this meaning. The Latin word “dexter” means “right”. The English word “dexterous” comes from this word. It means “handy” (clever with hands). So, right is handy. But the Latin word for left is “sinister”. The English word “sinister” comes from this word. Sinister means “evil” (very bad). Is it fair to call right-handed people handy and left-handed people evil? Well, fair or not, many languages have words that express such beliefs. In old English, the word for left means “weak”. That isn’t much of an improvement over “evil”.
Not very long ago, children were often forced to write with their right hands. Doctors have since found that this can be very harmful. You should use the hand you were born to use.
People who use their left hands are just starting to get better treatment. But why they get all these bad names in the first place? One reason may be that there are not as many left-handed people as there are right-handed people. There is one left-handed person for every five right-handed ones. People who are different are often thought to be wrong. But attitudes do seem to be changing. Fair-minded right-handed people are finally starting to give left-handed people a hand.
1. What does the passage lead us to believe when one writes?
A. He can only use his right hand.
B. He can only use his left hand.
C. He can use either his left hand or his right hand.
D. He can use both his left hand and his right hand.
2. The last sentence of this article means ________.
A. Fair-minded right-handed people want to change the habit of the left-handed people
B. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to help the left-handed people
C. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to use left hand to write and so on
D. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to give up using their left hands
3. After we read the article we can certainly know that _______.
A. left-handed people have been treated poorly
B. the number of the left-handed people is larger than that of right-handed people
C. right-handed people are much cleverer than left-handed people
D. left-handed people are less smart but hardworking
4. Which of the following is NOT right, according to the article?
A. At one time, left-handed people were forced to use their right hands.
B. Left-handed people today are being treated better than those in the past.
C. There are not as many left-handed people as there are right-handed people today.
D. “Dexterous” comes from Latin, means “evil” and English “sinister” means “handy”.
(1-4 CBAD)
【答案與解析】本文介紹人們對left-handed與right-handed不同的看法和態(tài)度。
1. C。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第2段最后一句醫(yī)生的建議You should use the hand you were born to use可推知此題的答案為C。
2. B。根據(jù)短語give sb a hand 的意思是“幫某人的忙”，可推知此題的答案為B。
3. A。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第1段對left的解釋及第2段第1句講強迫小孩用右手，可推知此題答案為A。
4. D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第1段中的 The Latin word “dexter” means “right”. The English word “dexterous” comes from this word. It means “handy” (clever with hands). So, right is handy. But the Latin word for left is “sinister”. The English word “sinister” comes from this word. Sinister means “evil” (very bad) 可推知此題答案為D。
(16)
The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card (信用卡) fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site(非法網(wǎng)站).
Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care.
On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number - or sell the information over the Internet. Computers hackers(黑客) have broken down security(安全) systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(零售商), were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web - only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated(欺騙).
Ask about your credit-card firm’s on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent(欺騙性的) spending.
And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Website address may also start https: //-the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password(密碼) safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.
1. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?
A. A lot of stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet.
B. Fraud on the Internet.
C. Many Web sites are destroyed.
D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet.
2. What is the meaning of “fraud”?
A. Cheating. B. Sale. C. Payment. D. Safety.
3. How can the thieves get the information of the credit card?
A. The customers give them the information.
B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites.
C. The customers sell the information to them.
D. The thieves buy the information from credit-card firms.
4. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six.
5. You are shopping on the site: http: // www. Shopping. com, and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do?
A. Order the TV set at once.
B. Do not buy the TV set on this site.
C. E-mail the site your credit-card information.
D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.
(1-5 BABAB)
【答案與解析】本文介紹了網(wǎng)上黑客人員盜用信用卡資料進行欺騙的行為以及我們該怎樣防衛(wèi)的措施。
1. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第1段第1句(因特網(wǎng)已導(dǎo)致使用信用卡欺騙行為大量增加)可推知此題答案為B。
2. A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第1段第2句(你的卡上資料可能會在網(wǎng)上非法出售)和第4段最后一句(可采用下列步驟防止受欺騙)可推知此題答案為A。
3. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第2段的提醒(當心那些提供便宜商品或服務(wù)的網(wǎng)址)可推知此題答案為B。也可采用排除法：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，排除A和C(并且此兩項也不合情理)；根據(jù)文章第4段第1句可知選項D也不正確。因此選B。
4. A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)對文章第五、六、七、八段的歸納可推知此題的答案為A。
5. B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第2段中的說明：安全的網(wǎng)址應(yīng)在電腦的右下角有一個小字母，或在網(wǎng)址中有一個字母S，而問題中的網(wǎng)址中沒有字母S，從而可推知此題答案為B。
(17)
“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it’s a girl.”
Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy(懷孕) was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.
Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the change from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although many good books have been written about American mothers, only recently have some books discussed the role of a father.
It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. The mother’s role seems to require a complete transformation of daily routine and adaptation to a new life, on the other hand, the father’s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we have mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.
1. According to the author, being a father _______.
A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men
B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters
C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy
D. means nothing but mor