命題的特點(diǎn)
高考英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言功能的語(yǔ)境設(shè)計(jì)，即把語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)考查放在具體的語(yǔ)境中。充分體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用性交際性�！皢雾�(xiàng)填空題的絕大部分都有明確的語(yǔ)境設(shè)置。幾乎沒(méi)有單靠記憶語(yǔ)法規(guī)則或詞匯知識(shí)就能夠做出正確選項(xiàng)的試題。
語(yǔ)境設(shè)計(jì)分析：
一 、注意時(shí)間空間因素
例1．(1999 - 24)
-Hey, look where you are going!
-Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ___________.
A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing.
C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice.
注解：你提醒我（失誤）時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到那時(shí)沒(méi)注意到你。用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：A。
例2.(2000 - 20)
-How are you today?
-Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
注解：很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我都沒(méi)有感到病得像現(xiàn)在這樣厲害。用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：D。
例3. (2000 –13)
-You’ve left the light on.
-Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going
注解：燈現(xiàn)在還亮著， 我馬上就去關(guān)燈。用將來(lái)時(shí)。答案：A。
例4．(2001 – 24)
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
注解：挑選買(mǎi)一部移動(dòng)電話真不易，以為科技發(fā)展正飛速發(fā)展。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：A。
例5． (2002 - 23)
-You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brends. Do you like it?
-I’m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A.wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
注解：關(guān)鍵詞是sooner：“提早，搶先”的意思。我很抱歉剛才還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及說(shuō)。用過(guò)去時(shí)。答案：D。
二、注意聯(lián)系對(duì)比因素
例1．(2000 - 11)
It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, ______ if you don’t speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
注解：“尤其” 是不會(huì)說(shuō)外語(yǔ)，生活在國(guó)外是很難的。
例2．(2000 - 17)
Dorothy was always speak highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what.
注解：依結(jié)構(gòu)和意義， 此處要用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。而of course 的插入可能成為干擾項(xiàng)。答案為：B。
例3. (2001 - 25)
The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
注解：要判明上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析： 即a new house 指的是it;而不是The Parkers(they)；若沒(méi)有but， 可選擇which構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句。答案為：B。
例4. (2001 - 33)
I was really anxious about you . You _____ home without a word.
A.mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
注解：我過(guò)去真的很為你擔(dān)心，你那時(shí)本不應(yīng)該一句話不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家。答案為：B。（shouldn’t have done 表示“過(guò)去不該做”）
例5． (2002 - 25)
-Is John coming by train?
-He should, but he ______not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
注解：在特定的情景中，使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；-是否坐火車(chē)來(lái)？-應(yīng)該是，但他喜歡開(kāi)車(chē)，也許就不坐火車(chē)了。因此答案為：D。
例6． (2002 - 35)
Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgettable moment, _____I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
譯文：“這么多年后見(jiàn)到叔叔是一個(gè)很難忘的時(shí)刻，我非常珍惜這一時(shí)刻。”
注解：在結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)知上，考生，若填which，可構(gòu)成非限定定語(yǔ)從句。多用句點(diǎn)或and連接起來(lái)， 讓that 或it做treasure的賓語(yǔ)。該題的正確選項(xiàng)為one，one作為an unforgettable moment 的同位語(yǔ)；I will always treasure則作定語(yǔ)從句修飾one；關(guān)系代詞that省去。
三、交際口語(yǔ)因素
例1． (2000 - 6)
-What about having a drink?
- _______.
A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Go ahead, please D. Me, too
注解：作為征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)的口氣：喝一杯好嗎？回答應(yīng)該是“好主意”。
例２． (2001 - 21)
-Good morning, Grand Hotel.
-Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the18th and 19th.
- ___________________.
A.What an I do for you B. Just a minute , please
C.What’s the matter D. At your service
注解：對(duì)話情景是要向賓館預(yù)定18,19兩晚的房間；回答應(yīng)該是請(qǐng)稍后，而不可能是其他情景下的答語(yǔ)。干擾項(xiàng)是D。At your service.意思是隨時(shí)為您服務(wù)。
干擾因素的命題設(shè)計(jì)
一 、 結(jié)構(gòu)上的干擾
例1． (2002 - 24)
The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
注解： as it happened 給考生造成干擾。譯文： 玻璃杯打碎時(shí)母親不在家，所以她不知道譴責(zé)誰(shuí)。主要看空缺詞后面的 “to blame”，從句意中理解所指的是譴責(zé)的對(duì)象，而不是指時(shí)間、如何、內(nèi)容。答案為：A。
例2． (2002 - 34)
The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
譯文：這項(xiàng)研究就這樣定下了，一旦開(kāi)始就無(wú)法改變。
注解：從結(jié)構(gòu)看，該句有從句、被動(dòng)、省略，增加了理解的難度。實(shí)際上可以將once begun 視為一固定表達(dá)，該句展開(kāi)就是：Once it has begun, nothing can be done to change it. Once begun 是“一旦開(kāi)始”的意思。又如：
Once done, we won’t regret doing so.
Once elected, he will move forward swiftly to set a new club.
例3． （2000 - 22）
The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
注解：過(guò)去分詞在句中做see的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，the plan 在句中是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,在定語(yǔ)從句that they would like to see中做賓語(yǔ)。此句還原為：they would like to see the plan carried out 答案為：C。
二、意義理解上的干擾
例1．（2000 - 23）
-Why don’t we take a little break?
-Didn’t we just have______?
A. it B. that C. one D. this
注解：
理解語(yǔ)意：“我們?yōu)槭裁床恍菹⒁粫?huì)兒？” “我們剛才不是休息過(guò)了嗎？”
考查one 作為代詞，代替 a little break。
例2. (2001 - 26)
We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ______very well.
A.worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried out
注解：work out 表示預(yù)期的結(jié)果。
I hope that the plan works out satisfactorily.
我希望那計(jì)劃有令人滿意的預(yù)期結(jié)果。
tried out :‘徹底實(shí)驗(yàn)’ ‘試出’；
went on: ‘繼續(xù)’；
carried on:‘經(jīng)營(yíng)’、‘繼續(xù)’ ;
work out 一般與plan 搭配。
要根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇中的不同情景，不斷積累，進(jìn)行詞匯擴(kuò)展， 熟記延伸常用解釋；例如：
（1）Do you know how to work out the maths problem ? (算出)
（2）We have worked out a plan. (設(shè)計(jì))
（3）That coal-miner will be worked out in two years. (開(kāi)采完、耗盡)
三、思維定式上的干擾
例1. (2001 - 27)
The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
譯文：裝修家室用去了我僅有的時(shí)間。
注解：定勢(shì)干擾項(xiàng)：in my spare time
干擾結(jié)構(gòu)是：what little / there is
去掉文中的 what , there is 的干擾，可看出原句there is a little of my spare time；
have taken 后的受詞what引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句， what little 取代a little 。
what little 表示僅有的一點(diǎn)(時(shí)間)
例2. (2002 - 22)
Excuse me for breaking in, ____I have some news for you.
A. so B. and C. but D. yet
譯文：對(duì)不起我闖進(jìn)來(lái)是有你的消息告訴你。
注解：定勢(shì)干擾項(xiàng)可能為and，受漢語(yǔ)“和”、“而”的意思干擾。此題所設(shè)情景：after apologizing for what you’re about to say (用在致歉語(yǔ)后），要用but。
練 習(xí)
① Man seems to be reaching a point he has always dreamed of, _____ he will be the master of the world around him.
A. when B. which C. that D. what
②Andrew had a warm desire _____ the conversation might continue.
A. when B. which C. that D. what................(keys: ①A ②C)
③The accident is _____ fresh in my memory than when it happened.
A. little B. more C. no less D. without
這件事故我記憶憂新。
④It is a fact ____ different foods release their energy at different speed.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
事實(shí)是不同的事物以不同的速度釋放能量。..............(keys: ③C ④B)
⑤There is a difference ____ only 10 o C between winter and summer.
A. in B. at C. of D. with
冬天和夏天只差10度。
⑥The internet brings people closer ___ around the world.
A. with B. from C. on D. through ..............(keys: ⑤C ⑥B)
⑦Niagara Falls is _____ the border between New York and Canada.
A. at B. in C. to D. on
尼亞加拉瀑布位于紐約和加拿大之間。
⑧Enough has been said ___ the matter.
A. through B. on C. in D. with
關(guān)于此事說(shuō)得已經(jīng)夠多了。..........................(keys: ⑦D ⑧B)
⑨I am curious to know what there is _____those hills.
A. over B. on C. beyond D. at
我極想知道山外的情況。
⑩ ____ you give it an inch, it will take a mile.
A. If B. Although C. In case D. As long as
得寸進(jìn)尺。.....................................（keys: ⑨C ⑩A)
⑾Courage is doing what you have to do _____ you are afraid.
A. In case B. even though C. as long as D. if
勇氣和膽量就是你必須去做即使你認(rèn)為做不到的事使之成為可能。
⑿Many, many times I thought about my last conversation with my father,____he was dying of cancer.
A. when B. how C. why D. since ..............(keys: ⑾B ⑿A)
⒀ Citizenship is the chance to ____ a difference to the place where you belong.
A. take B.make C. get D. tell
公民身份是你在異地所取得的居住資格。
⒁ What happens in the world makes us happy and sad ____.
A. by turns B. in deed C. in luck D. at once
世界的事情喜悲交替。............................(keys: ⒀B ⒁A)
⒂Wages are low ____ the cost of living.
A.because of B. as a result of C. in relation to D.according to
⒃I love the challenge of doing things people say _____.
A. must do B. needn’t be done C. should do D. cannot be done
我喜歡挑戰(zhàn)人們說(shuō)不能做的事情。...................(keys: ⒂C ⒃D)
⒄The holder of ____ title is still ____ mystery.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
誰(shuí)是犯案還是個(gè)謎。
⒅–What’s the matter?Why do you look so sad?
-I ____about all the mistakes I’ve made in my life.
A. was just thinking B. thought C. have been thinking D. am thinking
................................................(keys: ⒄D ⒅A)
⒆ ____ all the possibilities, I really believe that I’d prefer to make any change now.
A. Considering B. Considered C. To consider D. Consider
⒇ ____, both sides politely exchanged the telephone numbers and cards rather than quarrelling with each other.
A. Fortunately B. Immediately C. Probably D. Unexpectedly .....(keys: ⒆A ⒇D)