Unit 11
Word study:
1. stick with: 忠于，支持，和…在一起
I know you are new in this job, but stick with me and you’ll be all right.
我知道你干這工作是新手，不過和我在一起你會(huì)沒事的。
We stuck with him as our candidate.
我們繼續(xù)支持他為候選人。
be stuck with sth./sb.被…纏住
Bill left and I was stuck with the debt. 債務(wù)纏身
拓展：
stick out伸出，堅(jiān)持到底，忍下去
stick up豎立，向上突出
stick to: 堅(jiān)持（原則，計(jì)劃，決定，意見），繼續(xù)干，堅(jiān)持干
He is still sticking to his story that his car was stolen and later returned.
他仍在堅(jiān)持說他的汽車是失而復(fù)得的。
2．through thick and thin 同甘共苦，禍福與共，忠貞不渝
I’ll going to love you through thick and thin no matter what happens
不管發(fā)生什么事，我都始終不渝地愛你。
A true friend sticks though thick and thin.
同甘共苦的朋友才是真正的朋友。
3．suspect:
v. 1) 懷疑；猜疑；不信任，常用于suspect sb. of sth.
We suspected him of removing the cashbox.
我們懷疑他拿走了錢箱。
He was suspected and accused of selling states secrets.
他被懷疑與指控出賣國家機(jī)密。
2）猜想,覺得，疑有
suspect sth
suspect sb. to do
suspect sb. to be…
suspect that clause
If you don’t go, they’ll suspect something.
如果你不去，他們會(huì)產(chǎn)生懷疑。
I suspect him to have done it.
我疑心這是他干的。
I suspect him to be the pickpocket.
我懷疑他是個(gè)小偷。
I strongly suspect that they’re trying to get rid of me.
我強(qiáng)烈地感覺到他們要除掉我。
n. 嫌疑犯， 可疑對(duì)象
The police are questioning two suspects.
警察正在審訊兩個(gè)嫌疑犯。
adj. 不可靠的，不可信的，可能有假的，可疑的
His statements are suspect. 他的說法不可靠。
4．for the sake of 由于某種緣故，也可以說 for sb.’s sake 意為看在某人份上
Stop crying, for God’s sake.
看在老天的份上，請(qǐng)你別哭了
He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health.
他由于健康的原因而搬到了海邊。
I’ll help you for your sister’s sake.
看在你姐姐的份上，我來幫助你。
拓展：
for one’s own sake 為了自身的緣故，為了自身的利益
for the sake of it 因?yàn)樽约合矚g，由于自身的緣故
for the sake of argument 為了便于討論（非正式）
I just like car trips for my own sake.
我喜歡轎車旅行僅僅是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g這樣。
I am sure she agrees with you really---she just likes arguing for the sake of it.
我確信她實(shí)際上同意你的觀點(diǎn)，她只是因?yàn)楹棉q而與人辯論。
5. individual
adj.1) 個(gè)別的，個(gè)體的，單獨(dú)的，作定語
She didn’t read well so her teacher gave her individual help.
她讀得不好，因此老師對(duì)她進(jìn)行個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)。
2) 獨(dú)特的，有特性的，有個(gè)性的
Alice has an individual style of arranging her hair.
艾麗斯有獨(dú)特的發(fā)式。
n. 個(gè)人，個(gè)體，個(gè)別的人，是可數(shù)名詞
Handwriting varies from individual to individual.
筆跡因人而異。
6．expectation n.
1) (u) 此時(shí)常與介詞of連用，表示“期望，希望；預(yù)計(jì)”。常以every, great, little, no, utmost作修飾語
It greatly surpassed my utmost expectation.
它遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了我的最大期望。
2）(pl)希望，預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事；
預(yù)期（從某人那兒）繼承遺產(chǎn)，常與介詞from連用
Our Party has great expectations of you young people.
我們黨對(duì)你們年輕人寄予很大期望。
He has expectations from a rich uncle.
他有希望從他一個(gè)有錢的伯父那兒得到遺產(chǎn)。
fall short of/not come up to sb’s expectations 為臻理想
His film performance didn’t come up to our expectations.
他在影片中的表演有負(fù)眾望。
7．embarrass vt.（尤用語被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
1）使人覺得不自然，忸怩，尷尬或害羞
I was embarrassed by his comments about my clothes.
他評(píng)論我的衣服是我很尷尬。
2）使某人不安或焦慮
be embarrassed by lack of money.
因缺錢而苦惱
拓展
embarrassing adj.令人困窘的，令人尷尬的
embarrassment n.
8．resign.
Vt.1).辭去，放棄 后面一般接表示職務(wù)的名詞
Robert resigned the Chairmanship.
羅伯特辭去了主席的職務(wù)。
2）把…交托給，常與介詞into，to等搭配
I resign my children to your care.
我把孩子委托你照顧。
3) resign oneself to do順從于，屈從于
You must resign yourself to waiting a bit longer.
你只好耐心多等一會(huì)兒。
vi. 1). 辭職
She resigned from the government.
她辭去了政府職務(wù)。
2）屈從于，聽任
resign to sb’s will 屈從于某人的意志
resignation n.
7. pursue vt.
1) 從事，進(jìn)行，實(shí)行
Many people went to pursue their studies abroad in those days.
那時(shí)候很多人出國留學(xué)
2）追蹤，追捕
The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner.
警察在追捕一名逃犯。
3）跟隨，糾纏
Bad luck pursued us all through the year.
一年來我們厄運(yùn)連續(xù)不斷。
Pursue the path you have been treading and you will do well.
順著你走的路走下去，你會(huì)干的不錯(cuò)。
The boy pursued his father with questions.
那孩子糾纏住他父親問問題。
9.. complement
vt. 與（某事物）結(jié)合（相輔相成）
His business skill complements her flair for design.
他的經(jīng)營技巧和她的設(shè)計(jì)才能相輔相成。
n. 1）~ to 相配合的事物，補(bǔ)充物，補(bǔ)足物
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.
有咖喱的菜配米飯最妙。
2）需要或允許的數(shù)額
We’ve taken on our full complement of new trainees for this year.
我們今年招收的新學(xué)員已經(jīng)滿額了。
3）補(bǔ)語
subject complement 主語補(bǔ)足語
10．decline
1) vt/vi 拒絕（接受某物），謝絕
decline an invitation to dinner 謝絕宴請(qǐng)
I invited her to join us, but she declined.
我邀請(qǐng)她和我們在一起，可是她婉言謝絕了。
He declined to discuss his plans.
他拒絕討論他的計(jì)劃。
2）vi. 變小，變?nèi)�，變�?/p>
Her influence declined after she lost the election.
她落選后其影響力大為降低。
3).n. ~ (in sth.) （力量，權(quán)力，數(shù)量等的）削減
a decline in population/prices/popularity人口/價(jià)格/聲望的降低
拓展
fall/go into a decline 失去力量，影響
After his wife’s death, he fell into a decline.
他在妻子死后一蹶不振。
on the decline 在削減，在衰退
The number of robberies in the area is on the decline.
這地區(qū)的劫案在減少。
Warming-up, listening and speaking
1. While working there you discover that the management does not take proper measures to ensure hygiene and safety of the food products that are prepared in its kitchens and will be delivered to the customers.
在那兒工作時(shí)，你發(fā)現(xiàn)管理部門沒有采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣肀ＷC食品的衛(wèi)生和安全，這些食品都是在飯店的廚房加工并運(yùn)往顧客手中的。
1) take measures to do sth.= take steps to do sth.采取措施干某事
What measures were taken to prevent fires?
采取了什么措施來防止火災(zāi)？
get/take the measure of sb.= take/ get sb.’s measure
給某人量尺寸，估量某人的能力和力量
Before I could get in, he had taken my measure.
我還沒來得及插嘴，他就給我量好了尺寸。
measurement n.
(u) 測量，計(jì)量
We can know the size of something by means of measurement.
我們可以通過測量得出物體的尺寸。
(c) 丈量的結(jié)果
What are the measurements of the living room?
客廳的尺寸是多少？
2）ensure
vt. 保證，保證發(fā)生/獲得，
ensure sth.
ensure sb. sth.
ensure doing dth
endure that clause
ensure sb. against sth.保證不，安全，確保不
I cannot ensure his being on time.
我不能保證他能準(zhǔn)時(shí)。
All the necessary steps had been taken to ensure their safety.
已經(jīng)采取了所有必要的措施以確保他們的安全。
The present contract cannot ensure you a job.
現(xiàn)有的合同不能確保你獲得一份工作。
We should ensure workers against accidents.
我們應(yīng)保護(hù)工人們不出事故。
拓展:
比較ensure, insure 和assure
在美國英語中，endure=insure，即insure 也可以用來作“保證”“確�！�，此時(shí)用法與ensure同
More care will insure you against making so many mistakes.
多加注意會(huì)確保你不犯這么多錯(cuò)誤。
但insure還可作“給…保險(xiǎn)”
The actress insured her life for one hundred thousand dollars.
這個(gè)女演員給自己保了十萬美元的人壽險(xiǎn)。
assure 表示“向…保證”，“肯定地說”
I assure you that you are mistakn.
我肯定地說你弄錯(cuò)了。
The doctor assured me that the injury was not serious.
醫(yī)生向我保證，傷勢并不嚴(yán)重。
assure還可以用做“保人壽險(xiǎn)”
assure 和insure 還可作“確�！薄氨Ｕ稀�
assure/insure peace 保障和平
assure/insure security 保障安全
2．What is the moment for you to pull out of a friendship?
你會(huì)在什么時(shí)候離開朋友？
pull out of 從…中退出
They are trying to pull out of the agreement.
他們正試圖解除協(xié)定。
The project became so expensive that we had to pull out of it.
這個(gè)計(jì)劃耗資太大，我們只好退出。
拓展：
pull down 毀壞，摧毀（如舊建筑物）
pull (sth) over （使車輛等）閃到一邊
pull … up （使車）停下，糾正某人
Reading and Integrating skills
Teaching aims and demands:
1. Get the Ss to read the two passages, knowing something about the key to success and improving their reading ability.
2. Get the Ss to know some important words, phrases and sentences.
Teaching difficult points:
Phrases: stick with through thick and thin for the sake of attach to
live up to hands-on …
Sentences:
1. Especially at school, it sometimes feels as if we are being asked to work in teams for the sake of just that.
2. Each offers gifts and processes that complement the others, contributing in a unique way to the qualitative functioning of the whole, whether the ‘whole’ is a team, a class, a family or a society.
Time allocations: 3 periods
Step I lead in
T: I want to move this desk to the 4th floor. But I can’t do it by myself. Who can help me? ( a student comes) we two did this job together. and what we can call the job?
-----it is team work.
T: where else do we need team work?
-----football, basketball, rugby, working…
Step 2 fast-reading what is team work? ( Para. 2)
Step 3 careful- reading
what kinds of team do the writer write? try to compare them.
Rugby team Project team
Similarities team work: individual people brought together, common goal , has a clear role, cooperate
Differences 1. made up of a certain number
2. goal---to win a match
3. members have different skills
4. coach
5. atmosphere
6. members should respect, help and support each other 1. members: people of different personalities and abilities (Para. 7)
2. take into account how each individual member works best
Step 4. Summary : ask students to divide the passage into 3 parts.
part 1: Para 1-2 general introduction of team work
part 2: Para 3-6 sports teams ( rugby teams)
part 3: Para 7-10 project teams
Step 5. Further understanding
Para1: 1. Especially at school, it sometimes feels as if we are being asked to work in teams for the sake of just that.
特別是在學(xué)校里,有時(shí)我們感覺好象是為了團(tuán)體活動(dòng)而組織團(tuán)體活動(dòng)。
Para3: 2. It is important that all members of the team feel that each of them makes an equal contribution and that they help and support each other.
Para6: 3. As with sports teams, group work can …when group members respect…, while the work division…at the right level in the role that is …
Para7: 4. 整個(gè)段落用了三種不同的表達(dá)方式表達(dá)類似的意思
people who… people…are the ones… some are…
Step 5. record after teaching
Language points
1. What if you feel comfortable about doing a task by yourself?(P94 Para1)
假如你覺得你一個(gè)人干某項(xiàng)工作感覺更舒服些？
What if you should fall sick?
What if he gets angry?
要是他生氣怎么辦？
含if的短語
only if 只有
if only要是…就好了
as if 好像
2. Although the coach is usually not counted as a team member, his role is to discuss
strategy and make decisions about the composition of team.(P94 Para3)
雖然教練通常不算作隊(duì)員，他的作用是討論策略，并確定運(yùn)動(dòng)員的組成。
count:
v. 1): 把…看作…，常與as連用，此時(shí)as可省
I count him (as) one of my closest friends.
我把他看作是我最好的朋友之一。
I am afraid we must count him (as) missing.
恐怕我們只好算他失蹤了。
2). 起作用，是重要的，應(yīng)予重視
For them what counted is money.
對(duì)他們來說，金錢才起作用。
It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
重要的不是你讀了多少書， 而是你讀的是什么書。
3). 把…計(jì)算在內(nèi)
Six people are on the trip if you count the children.
如果算上孩子就是六個(gè)人去旅行。
There are ten guests, not counting the members of the family.
一共是十位客人，還不算自家的人。
4). 數(shù)數(shù)，點(diǎn)數(shù)
I counted all the people; there were fifty present.
我數(shù)了數(shù)，總共來了五十個(gè)人。
3. As with sports teams, group work can only be successful when group members respect, help and support each other.(P94 Para6)
正如運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)一樣，小組活動(dòng)只有在組員們相互尊重，相互幫助和相互支持的情況下才能取得成功。
as with
1). 正如…一樣
As with hiking, you should always think about your safety.
就象徒步旅行一樣，你要時(shí)刻考慮到你的安全。
2）就…而言，至于…，類似用法有as to ；as for
Kitty’s got so thin, And as for Carl, he always seems to be ill.
Kitty長的瘦小，至于Carl, 他好象總是在生病。
He was very uncertain as to whether it was the right job for him.
他還不確定這工作是否適合他
4. Teams requires leaders and people who creates ideas
團(tuán)隊(duì)需要領(lǐng)袖以及出主意的人。(P95 Para7).
require: v. 需要，要求
require sth.
require doing sth/ to be done
require sb. to do sth.
require that (should) + do
That matter requires careful thought.
這件事需要慎重考慮。
This wall requires repairing/ to be repaired.
這面墻需要修理了。
His health requires that he (should) go to bed early.
他的健康狀況需要他早睡。
The police required him to keep it a secret.
警察要他對(duì)此事保密。
5．People full of action and ideas are often the ones to bring new energy to the group, while people who are mainly listening and commenting are often the ones to keep an eye on procedures that must be followed.
那些富于實(shí)干和思路開闊的人常常是給小組以新的活力的人，而那些主要是傾聽或評(píng)論的人則常常是監(jiān)管工作流程的人。(P95 Para7)
keep an eye on 或keep one’s eye on 照料，留神，密切注意，也可以說成keep a watch/ look out on
Can you keep an eye on my suitcase for a minute.
你能幫我看一會(huì)兒手提箱嗎？
They kept a close watch on his activities.
他們密切監(jiān)視他的活動(dòng)。
類似的說法還有
keep one’s eyes open for;
keep an eye out for
keep one’s eyes peeled/skinned for
關(guān)于eye的一些詞組：
have an eye for 對(duì)…有鑒賞眼光
shut/close one’s eyes to 不理會(huì)，閉眼不見
an eye for an eye 以眼還眼，報(bào)復(fù)
get the eye 引人注目
catch one’s eyes 引起注意
by all eyes 聚精會(huì)神地
fix one’s eyes on 盯著
6. Working in a team, we have to taken into account how each individual member works best. 在團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作，我們必須考慮個(gè)人如何充分地發(fā)揮作用。（P95 Para8）
take sth. into account 考慮，
take account of sth.
take sth. into consideration
We must take local conditions into account.
我們必須考慮本地的條件
There are the factors we must take into consideration.
這些都是我們必須考慮的因素。
7. As the years went by, she worked in many places…(P97 Para2)
幾年過去了，她在許多地方工作過…
go by
1) （時(shí)間）過去
Two years went by.
兩年過去了。
2）經(jīng)過（某地），從旁邊經(jīng)過
Tom usually goes by the theatre on his way to school.
湯姆上學(xué)時(shí)通常經(jīng)過劇院。
3）遵照，受指導(dǎo)
You should go entirely by what the doctor says.
你應(yīng)該完全按照醫(yī)生的話去做。
4）從…判斷
You can’t go by what he says--- he’s very untrustworthy.
你不能根據(jù)他的話判斷-----他是很不可靠的。
8．She decided to put that money to good use. (P98 Para2)
她決定把這筆錢派上好用場。
put… to use 利用，使用，也可以說成 put…into use
We must put everything to its best use.
我們一定要充分利用一切。
拓展：
put to bed/sleep 使睡著
put to test 考慮
put to flight 使逃走
put to trouble 造成麻煩
put to inconvenience 造成不便
put to sea 出海
The enemies were soon put to flight.
敵人不久就給打跑了。
One of these pills will put you to sleep in an hour.
這個(gè)藥吃一小片一個(gè)鐘頭之內(nèi)就可以睡著。
11. Many people tend to listen to their parents or to their teachers and they often have expectations that are hard to live up to. (P98 Para3)
很多人傾向于聽家長或教師的意見，但是他們所期望的往往是學(xué)生難以辦到的。
live up to 依照某事物行事,表現(xiàn)出符號(hào)某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
He didn’t pass the NMET, failing to live up to his parents’ expectations.
他未通過高考,辜負(fù)了父母的期望
12. Not going to university is not a shame.(P98 Para4)
shame的一些搭配:
feel shame (at/for) 感到羞恥
put…to shame 使感到羞恥,使蒙羞
bring shame on sb. 給某人帶來恥辱
What a shame to do sth.
What a shame that…
It’s a shame (that)…
It’s a shame to do sth.
13. We make the most of our special talent and interests.（P98 Para）
make the most of =make the best use of
最好/最大限度地利用
make use of 利用,使用
make good/full use of 好好利用,充分利用
We’ve got one day in Paris, so we’d better make the most of it.
我們在巴黎只剩一天了，我們得充分利用。