高 二 英 語(yǔ)（第18講）
主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學(xué)）
[教學(xué)內(nèi)容與目的要求]
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
高中英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)（上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1、掌握本單元的單詞、詞組與句型。
2、學(xué)會(huì)幾句常用口語(yǔ)：
It’s clear that all the rivers here are polluted. 顯然這里所有的河流都污染了。
I believe that we must do something about air pollution.
我相信我們得做一些事情來(lái)解決空氣污染問(wèn)題。
You can’t imagine that there are so many cars climbing along such crowded streets in the rush hour.
你難以想象在高峰時(shí)那么多的汽車在那么擁擠的街道上爬行的情景。
It would be better if the government didn’t stress just the importance of GDP.
如果政府不是只重視GDP就要好些了。
3、語(yǔ)法：倒裝
[復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)]
一、重要單詞：
ecology issue summarize content representative sustainable contaminate sanitation access rural poverty violence premier stress equality fairness cooperation proper harmony per alternative affect defend
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展
take action 采取行動(dòng)
put an end to 結(jié)束
wipe out 消滅
[難點(diǎn)講解]
1、At the Stockholm summit, representatives from more than one hundred countries discussed some of the most important problems facing our planet.
在斯德哥爾摩峰會(huì)上，一百多個(gè)國(guó)家的代表討論了我們地球目前面臨的重大問(wèn)題。
face作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，主賓互換意義不變，試看以下例子：
Such was the situation we were facing.
facing us
我們面臨的困難就是這樣的。
The new government faced many problems.
Many problems faced the new government. 新政府面臨許多問(wèn)題。
cf. They faced boldly the difficulties and overcame them.
他們勇敢面對(duì)困難，并克服了它們。
（這句有boldly，指人，當(dāng)然只能人they作主語(yǔ)）
We are now faced with the burring threat of war. 我們正面臨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)威脅。
facing
Faced with the evidence, he had to confess. 面對(duì)證據(jù)，他只能坦白。
Facing
2、One of the main themes of the summit was “sustainable development”, or the question how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.
其主題之一是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”，也就是如何在不破壞環(huán)境的情況下讓世界繼續(xù)發(fā)展的問(wèn)題。
這句中or = that is進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明或解釋，不作“或者，選擇”解。
There are six cash points, or ATMs, in the main airport terminal.
3、20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.
地球上20%的人喝不到干凈的飲用水。
access不可數(shù)名詞，有辦法、通路、使用、進(jìn)入等多種意義，常接介詞to，注意以下例子的譯文：
Access to the town was across a narrow bridge. 進(jìn)小鎮(zhèn)要通過(guò)一座小橋。
Switzerland has access to the sea via the River Rhine. 瑞士經(jīng)萊茵河通海洋。
Only high officials and their families had access to the privilege.
只有高官與他們的家人才擁有這個(gè)特權(quán)。
Students have access to the library during the vacation.
學(xué)生在假期可使用圖書(shū)館。
The government should provide access to jobs for peasants who have no land.
政府應(yīng)為沒(méi)有土地的農(nóng)民提供求業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.
只有多數(shù)人才了解這個(gè)事情的細(xì)節(jié)。
Students need easy access to books. 學(xué)生需要能容易得到書(shū)籍的途徑。
4、All too often, global development means that rich people get richer while the poor get poorer get richer while the poor get poorer.
全球發(fā)展常常意味著富人更富，窮人更窮。
all強(qiáng)調(diào)too often，其他例子有：
There are trees all along the road.
He lived in a tiny cottage all by himself.
all alone.
I’m all in favor of your suggestion.
All too often in this developing country, the few’s growing rich means thousands of deaths in coal mines, the damage of the environment and government corruption.
5、… who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.
他強(qiáng)調(diào)世界范圍內(nèi)的平等與公正。
stress and emphasize的異同：
①作強(qiáng)調(diào)解，同義：
但stress傾向于人作主語(yǔ)。
I stressed/emphasized the importance of coming early.
She emphasized/stressed that her novels were not written for children.
His speech emphasized the use for conservation of wildlife.
He
Your test should emphasize the vocabulary item more frequently used.
你的測(cè)驗(yàn)重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在較常用的詞匯上。
②意為重讀時(shí)，只用stress：
Should we stress the last syllable in “violin”?
He stressed the word “danger”.
Stress the important words of a sentence.
6、The future of our planet is at stake. 我們這顆行星的未來(lái)生死未卜。
at stake表示指一旦失敗就完完了的危險(xiǎn)，或性命攸關(guān)的要緊，見(jiàn)以下例子：
The peace of the country is at stake.
The firemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.
He had more at stake in this adventure.
7、Nothing could be further from the truth.
沒(méi)有任何事情比這觀點(diǎn)離事實(shí)更遠(yuǎn)/更不符合事實(shí)真相。
這觀點(diǎn)在這句中省略了，（省去了than …）就是指前文的what we do in our everyday life has no effect on big problems.
8、The leaders at the summit applauded the speech, …
參加會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人為這演講鼓掌，…
v.i 鼓掌：
Everyone stood up to applaud.
They kept applauding long after the performance.
v.t 為……鼓掌：
The audience applauds anything that pleases it in a play or concert.
They audience applauds the great scientist.
his speech.
v.t 轉(zhuǎn)義，贊同，稱贊：
I applaud your decision.
His efforts were applauded by all.
9、content
adj 滿足的，滿意的
She seemed content.
You should be content with what you have.
He was content to eat the leftovers.
v.t 使……滿足
The cozy fire and good company contented him.
John contented himself with two beers though he could have had more.
過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于content adj：
Everybody feels contented.
content.
Some people are never contented
content.
He seems quite contented with his wife.
content
n 內(nèi)容（多作復(fù)數(shù)），含量，內(nèi)涵（不可數(shù)）。
Empty out the contents of your purse.
I wondered whether he already knew the contents of my email.
The content of this can is salty fish.
Its carbon content is 40%.
The content of his argument was weak.
[語(yǔ)法] 倒 裝
一、語(yǔ)法倒裝：
謂語(yǔ)的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞部分放在主語(yǔ)之前，亦可稱部分倒裝。
①用于疑問(wèn)句：
Do you speak English?
What can I do for you?
②用于條件從句：
Were she here, she would support me.
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.
Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.
③以否定詞（never, little, hardly, seldom, scarcely etc）開(kāi)頭的句子：
Seldom does he watch TV in the evening.
Never have I seen the movie before.
Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refuse his views.
他剛說(shuō)完就有人起來(lái)反駁他的觀點(diǎn)。
Not a word would he say. 他一句話也不愿說(shuō)。
Not until he came did we begin the dinner.
④Not only …及So … that等句型中：
Not only did he speak English correctly, but he spoke fluently too.（后句不倒裝）
So fast did the thief run that no policeman caught up with him.
⑤only引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)在句首：
Only in this way can we stop air pollutions.
Only when everyone knows how to protect our environment will the earth be saved.
⑥“也”與“也不”：
He likes playing GBA; so do I.
She can’t swim; nor/neither can he.
⑦表示祝愿：
Long live liberty! 自由萬(wàn)歲！
May you make more money! 恭喜發(fā)財(cái)！
二、結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝：為了保持句子平衡，或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分，或在某些引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，可將謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前，或稱全部倒裝。
①引導(dǎo)詞（there, here, now, then）引起的句子：
There stood a high pine tree on the top of the mountain.
There comes the bus!
Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。
Then came wind, hail and frost. 接著又是風(fēng)災(zāi)、冰雹與霜凍。
Here are some DVDs. 這里有些DVD片。
②保持句子平衡：
Soon came a new development that had far reaching effects. 不久有了有深遠(yuǎn)影響的新發(fā)展。
“Help! Help!” cried the little girl.
Before them lay miles of green fields.
③強(qiáng)調(diào)成分前置：
To this list may be added the following names.
Below is a swimming pool.
Seated on the ground is a blind beggar, playing the violin.
Next to the lake is a restaurant where we can have Chinese food.
④out, in, up, down, away等狀語(yǔ)在前以示形象，生動(dòng)：
Up went the rocket into the sky.
Following the roar, out rushed a fierce tiger from among the trees.
*上述句型主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)不倒裝：
Up it went into the sky.
Out it rushed from among the tree.
Away they went.
Here it is./ Here you are.
There it comes.
同步練習(xí)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇：
1、In life there are always a lot of difficulties __________ without fear.
A. facing us B. we should face C. we face with D. facing to us
2、Recently most graduates from college have found it difficult to have _______ well-paid jobs.
A. a way to B. an access to C. access to D. access to get
3、His article ______ the importance of prevention of AIDS.
A. stressed B. emphasized C. was stressed on D. was emphasized with
4、The students _______ the old scientist’s inspiring lecture. Choose the wrong answer:
A. applauded B. applauded for C. applauded after D. applauded frequently in
5、He _______ with his new house. Choose the wrong answer:
A. contented B. felt content C. was contented D. seemed contented
6、Rarely ______ such a silly thing.
A. have I heard of B. I’ve heard of
C. have heard of I D. have heard I of
7、A. Flew down the plane. B. Flew the plane down.
C. Down did the plane fly. D. Down flew the plane.
8、Only after his death ________ correct.
A. was his theory considered B. his theory was considered
C. was considered his theory D. did his theory consider
9、“Where is our school bus?”
“Oh, _________.”
A. there comes it B. here comes it C. here it comes D. it comes there
10、A. Not only did he make a promise, also he kept it.
B. Not only did he make a promise, but also did he keep it.
C. Not only he made a promise, but he kept it.
D. Not only made he a promise, but he kept too.
二、閱讀理解：
Thus the speech ended. Lincoln spoke for less than three minutes: the photographer who was standing in front of him did not even have time to take a picture. The speech was over almost before it began.
On the platform Edward Everett, the great speechmaker, whispered to Secretary of State Seward: “It is not what I expected from him. I am disappointed.” Seward, too, thought that the President had given a poor speech.
Lincoln himself felt bad about his speech: he thought that it did not have the effect that he hoped it would have, that in fact it “fell on the audience like a wet blanket.” Later he said, “I ought to have prepared it with more care.”
The newspapers too were not impressed by the President’s Gettysburg Address. The nearby Harrisburg paper considered it “silly” while the reporter of the London Times thought the speech dull and commonplace. The first favorable comment came from the Chicago Tribune, and was followed by the Springfield Republican, a Massachusetts newspaper. “Turn back and read it over,” it advised. “It will repay study as a model speech …”
1、Lincoln spoke for a short time because ________.
A. he was given less than three minutes
B. he didn’t like to have his picture taken
C. he hadn’t prepared his speech carefully
D. he had prepared a very short speech
2、Both Everett and Seward considered Lincoln’s speech poor because _________.
A. his speech was not good enough
B. his speech was too short
C. his speech was dull and commonplace
D. his speech hadn’t any good effect
3、Which of the following is not true?
A. A photographer wanted to take a picture.
B. Lincoln was not pleased with his own speech.
C. Lincoln’s speech wouldn’t become a model speech.
D. Newspapers paid much attention to Lincoln’s speech.
4、From the lines we can see that _______ at first.
A. few people made a careful study of Lincoln’s speech
B. only two famous men did not praise Lincoln’s speech
C. Most people studied Lincoln’s speech very carefully
D. Many people were against Lincoln as a president.
5、The main idea of the passage is _________.
A. how Lincoln spoke at an important ceremony
B. why people didn’t appreciate Lincoln’s speech
C. how people commented on Lincoln’s speech
D. what Lincoln thought of his own speech
參 考 答 案
一、1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、A 6、A 7、D 8、A 9、C 10、A
二、1、D 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、C