高 二 英 語(yǔ)（第16講）
主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學(xué)）
[教學(xué)內(nèi)容與目的要求]
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
高中英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)（上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1、掌握本單元的單詞，詞組與句型。
2、掌握幾句常用口語(yǔ)：
You should always put safety above all. 你應(yīng)該總是把安全放在第一位。
You must never use your cellphone at the gas station. 你決不可以在加油站用手機(jī)。
Make sure that children don’t play with electrical equipment. 確保孩子們不玩弄電器。
3、語(yǔ)法：虛擬語(yǔ)氣⑵
[知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)]
一、重要單詞：
drown bleed choke electric (electrical) scream witness calm panic ambulance response conscious airway tip slight chest circulate pulse revive recovery chin blanket weave bite tap loose bandage explanation thermometer flashlight
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
first aid 急救 catch fire 著火
upside down 顛倒著的 keep in mind … 記住……
in honor of 向…表示敬意，為紀(jì)念……
in case that …
of … 以免/萬(wàn)一 ……
a list of … 一張…… 清單
[難點(diǎn)講解]
1、Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t reach them.
要確保電線是安全的，確保孩子們摸不著它。
句中第二個(gè)that決不能省，這個(gè)that決定了后一句也是確保的內(nèi)容，又例：
I know(that) he is Japanese and that he has married a Chinese girl.
2、Seconds count in an emergency, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
在緊急情況中分分秒秒都事關(guān)重要，知道怎么辦就可能意味著生死攸關(guān)。
count原義是數(shù)：
Let’s count the votes. 讓我們來(lái)數(shù)一下選票。
He counted to five. 他數(shù)到五。
這里轉(zhuǎn)義為有價(jià)值，要緊，有嚴(yán)重性，又例：
Every penny counts. 每一分錢都有價(jià)值。
It’s not how much you read but what you read that counts.
不是你讀的量而是你讀的內(nèi)容重要。
The individual doesn’t count much in the situation.
在這種情形下，個(gè)人沒什么作用。
White lies don’t count. 善意的謊言不要緊。
3、We can do a lot of good by simply asking “Are you all right?”
只要你問(wèn)一句“你沒事吧？”就可能幫大忙。
good可作名詞意為好處：
She only thinks of others’ good. 她只考慮他人的利益。
Perhaps it may do him good to have you here. 也許有你在這兒時(shí)他有好處。
The walk has done his liver a lot of good. 散步對(duì)他的肝病很有好處。
4、We should check that the person can breathe. 我們應(yīng)該檢查這個(gè)人能否呼吸。
這句中that也可用if或whether代之。意義不變，又例：
They checked that/if/whether every door had been locked.
5、If a person is bleeding, we should cover the wound with a clean piece of cloth and press on the wound to stop the bleeding.
如果一個(gè)人在流血，我們應(yīng)該用干凈布蓋住傷口，壓迫傷口止血。
press為按，壓等意義，見以下例子的譯文：
She pressed down the lid. 她撳下蓋子。
Press the button to start the machine. 按下開關(guān)起動(dòng)機(jī)器。
My shoe presses my toe. / My toe presses against the shoe. 我的鞋擠腳。
He remained still for some time, with his lips pressed together.
他好一會(huì)站住不動(dòng)，緊抿著嘴唇。
Mom pressed pastry flat and thin before cooking.
媽把面團(tuán)壓得又扁又薄才開始炸。
Press down on the lever. 把杠桿壓下來(lái)。
He pressed a sack of sand on the leak of the boat. 他把一袋沙子壓住船的漏水處。
6、However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people’s lives.
然而，經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，你就能學(xué)會(huì)救命的方法：
這句中after短語(yǔ)與將來(lái)時(shí)連用，本意是after the study而不是after a few hours，試比較：
After two days of discussion, they will reach the agreement.
In two days, they will reach the agreement.
After three hours of hard work, he will succeed in clearing up the deserted garden.
In three hours, he’ll succeed in clearing up the deserted garden.
7、… but most of us will eventually find ourselves in a situation where we or someone else needs help.
但是我們大多數(shù)結(jié)果會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們自己或別人處于需要幫助的情況。
這句中eventually意為結(jié)果、最后等等。
It was a long journey, but we eventually arrived.
The house will have to be repainted eventually.
這句中needs是遵從就近原則，又例：
There is a table and six chairs in the dining room.
Either he or I am mad.
Not only students but also the teacher is forbidden to smoke in the classroom.
8、throw up (v.i) / bring up (v.t) 嘔吐
Once the poison was brought up, there is no further danger.
一旦那毒藥吐了出來(lái)，就沒有進(jìn)一步的危險(xiǎn)了。
She had too much to eat, and threw up on the way home. 她吃得太多，回家路上都吐了。
9、I jumped down on the ice and ran as fast as I could to where she was.
我跳到冰上，盡快地跑到她落水處。
這里where …可看作名詞性從句，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，但where或where從句一般不與to連用，而看作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，但以下例子，加to較為常見：
Where are you off to? Where are you going (to)?
“I want you to come for a walk with me.”
“Where to?”
“Any where you like.”
She came back (to) where Jane was sitting.
He was free to go (to) where he liked and do what he liked.
[語(yǔ)法] 虛擬語(yǔ)氣⑵
一、動(dòng)詞原型虛擬式：
1、用來(lái)表示命令、決定、建議、要求等詞語(yǔ)之后的that從句：
The king ordered that the cloth (should) be woven right away.
demanded
She urged / advised / preferred that he (should) accept the job.
He made a suggestions that the work (should) be started at once.
suggested / proposed
decided
(cf: His words suggested that he agreed with us. 他的話表明他與我們意見一致。suggest為暗示，表明時(shí)不用虛擬式。)
Mary required that John (should) come. 瑪麗堅(jiān)持要求約翰來(lái)。
insisted
(cf: Tom insisted that he didn’t cheat in the exam. Tom堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為/聲稱他在考試中沒作弊。insist不作堅(jiān)持要求解時(shí)不用虛擬式。)
2、用于important, necessary等形容詞之后：
It was important that students (should) come without delay.
It is necessary that students (should) learn English well.
I found it proper that she (should) do the work.
二、過(guò)去式型虛擬式，表示與當(dāng)時(shí)事實(shí)相反。
I’d rather I were in bed. （事實(shí)我已起身）
It’s (high) time that Mr Smith made up his mind. 是史密斯先生該作決定的時(shí)候了。
It’s about time he learnt to look after himself. 現(xiàn)在該是他學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己的時(shí)候了。
could learn (只能用could)
要注意It’s (high/ about) time …之后不可接否定式。
I said that it was time we were setting out. 我說(shuō)我們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我真寧愿把它忘了。
Suppose there were living things on Mars. 假定火星上有生物。
Just imagine aliens from outer space came to our planet.
想象一下，外星人來(lái)到了我們的地球。
同步練習(xí)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇：
1、Make sure that you _____ the books and ______ every light is turned off.
A. put away, / B. put away, that C. will put away, that D. will put away, /
2、Reading novels _______ us _____ good.
A. do, a lot of B. do, much C. does, a number of D. does, lots of
3、_________ the head of the statue and the secret door will open. Choose the wrong answer:
A. Press B. Press on C. Press down on D. Press your hand on
4、Neither Tom nor I ________ playing PC games at present.
A. is B. am C. are D. will be
5、_________ only one hour of sailing in such a storm all the passengers will ________.
A. In, throw up what they eat B. In, bring up what they eat
C. After, bring up D. After, throw up
6、The teacher said that it was time we _______ class.
A. would begin B. should begin C. began D. will begin
7、It is necessary that students _________ more time ______ their studies.
A. spent, on B. should spend, on C. spend, in D. spent, in
8、The teacher gave us the advice that we ____ so many difficult physics problems.
A. not do B. wouldn’t do C. didn’t do D. would do
9、Choose the wrong sentence:
A. He preferred that I should give up smoking.
B. Would you rather I accepted the invitation?
C. The doctor suggested that I gave up drinking alcohol.
D. She insisted that she didn’t tell lies.
10、Going to school is of great importance. You should know you are ______ your future.
A. prepared for B. preparing C. preparing for D. prepared
二、閱讀理解：
The soldiers had just moved to the desert, and as they had never been in such a place before, they had a lot to learn.
As there were no trees or buildings in the desert, it was, of course, very hard to hide their trucks from enemy planes. The soldiers were, therefore, given training in camouflage. They were shown how to paint their trucks in irregular patterns with pale green, yellow, and brown paints, and then to cover them with nets to which they had tied small pieces of cloth.
The driver of the biggest truck had a lot of trouble camouflaging it. He spent several hours painting it, preparing a net and searching for some heavy rocks with which to hold the net down. When it was all finished, he went for lunch.
When he came back from his meal, he was surprised and worried to see that his camouflage was completely spoilt by the truck’s shadow, which was growing longer and longer as the afternoon advanced. He stood looking at it, not knowing what to do.
Soon an officer arrived, and he, too, saw the shadow, of course.
“Well,” he shouted to the poor driver, “What are you going to do about it? If an enemy plane comes over, the pilot will at once know that there is a truck there.”
“I know, sir,” answered the soldier.
“Well, don’t just stand there doing nothing!” said the officer.
“What shall I do, sir?” asked the poor driver.
“Get your spade and throw some sand over the shadow, of course!” answered the officer.
1、From this passage you can know ________.
A. there were a lot of trees where the soldiers were stationed
B. the soldiers were staying in an area far from the enemy planes
C. the soldiers knew nothing about desert
D. the soldiers had lived in desert before
2、Which of the following is right?
A. The nets with which they covered their trucks were made of small pieces of cloth.
B. The soldiers tied small pieces of cloth to the nets with which they covered their trucks.
C. The nets covering the trucks were painted pale green, yellow and brown.
D. The trucks were tied to the nets with small pieces of cloth.
3、The soldier was surprised and worried because ________.
A. his truck had cast a shadow in the sun and the enemy plane would find it.
B. the shadow of his truck was growing longer at noon
C. it was late in the afternoon, and he could not get rid of the shadow
D. his newly-painted truck was in the shadow
4、Why didn’t he see the shadow at first? Because ________.
A. he was careless
B. the shadow on sand was invisible
C. it was noon when he finished the camouflage
D. it was in the late afternoon that he went for his lunch
5、What do you think of the ending of the story?
A. It is quite reasonable that the officer ordered the soldier to cover the shadow with sand.
B. We’ll laugh at the officer’s order because it is where the humor lies.
C. Though the officer’s order sounded wise, the soldier couldn’t cover the shadow.
D. The soldier managed to cover the shadow with sand
參 考 答 案
一、1、B 2、D 3、D 4、B 5、D 6、C 7、B 8、A 9、C 10、C
二、1、C 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B