高 二 英 語(yǔ)（第11講）
主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學(xué)）
[教學(xué)內(nèi)容]
高中英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)（上）
教學(xué)要求：
1、掌握本單元的單詞、詞組與句型。
2、學(xué)會(huì)幾句常用口語(yǔ)：
It would be great/wonderful if I had an e-friend. 如果我有一個(gè)電子朋友，那會(huì)很妙的。
No one can predict what will happen even in ten years.
即使十年以后發(fā)生的事也沒有人能預(yù)料到。
Just imagine if terrorists have nuclear weapons. 想象一下萬(wàn)一恐怖分子有了核武器。
We can only guess where he comes from. 我們只能猜測(cè)他是哪里人。
3、語(yǔ)法 名詞性從句⑵
[知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)]
一、重要單詞：
prediction forecast exact glimpse trend contemporary indicate urban ensure system consumer reform commerce necessity mall purchase chip cash remain regular medical physician cure genetics biochemistry educator distance lifelong cheat wrist require identify reality imitate virtual absurd definition
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
keep in touch with 與……保持聯(lián)系 deal with 處理，安排
pay attention to sth 注意…… in store 準(zhǔn)備好的，將要有的，儲(chǔ)存好的
catch/get/have a glimpse of … /take a glimpse at … 瞥見…，一眼看見…
[難點(diǎn)講解]
1、Use the questions below to get started. (v.t)
= Use the questions below to start.(v.i)
start warming up.(v.t)
使用以下問題來開始熱身練習(xí)。原句to get started是被動(dòng)式。
2、One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society.
考察當(dāng)代社會(huì)大的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是窺測(cè)未來的一種方法。
catch a glimpse of 原意是瞥一眼之意。
We caught a glimpse of the river as the train passed over the bridge.
got
had
同義短語(yǔ)有：
give a glance at take a glimpse at
shoot
cast
take 注意上述短語(yǔ)介詞用at
3、Instead of searching a crowded store for basic goods, such as food and clothes, people want to go to a pleasant mall and combine shopping with fun.
人們不再到擁擠的商店里尋購(gòu)食物、衣服之類的生活必需品，而是要到舒適的mall去，把購(gòu)物與玩樂結(jié)合起來。
這句中search也能作v.i使用：
Instead of searching for goods in a crowded store, …而combine shopping with fun 可改成combine shopping and fun。
4、People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life and remain active even in old age. 未來人類更長(zhǎng)壽健康，人老了，還能保持活力。
age表示年齡的一些常見用法與前置介詞的習(xí)慣：
What’s your age?/What age are you? = How old are you?
She’s now forty years of age.
old
They were of the same age. His age is sixteen.
I used to work hard when I was your age.
She looks young for her age. 她看上去比她實(shí)際年齡輕。
younger than
At (the age of) 17, he joined the army.
He is of age today. 他今天開始算成年了。
We shouldn’t allow those under age to enter the Net bar. 我們不應(yīng)該讓未成年人進(jìn)網(wǎng)吧。
He could not get a driving license as he was over age. 他們因?yàn)槌g而拿不到駕照。
Many famous writers wrote their masterpieces in old age.
5、The way we view learning and knowledge is also changing.
我們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)與知識(shí)的看法也在改變。
view作為動(dòng)詞的一些用法：
1、look，watch 看，觀看
We’ll go and view the house before we buy it .
The police viewed the scene of the murder.
They are viewing the DVD in the sitting room.
2、consider, regard轉(zhuǎn)義，看待，持某種觀點(diǎn)：
How will history view former Soviet Union? 歷史將怎樣看待前蘇聯(lián)？
He viewed the whole thing as a joke. 他將整個(gè)這件事看成笑話。
The way kids view great ideals is quite different from ours.
現(xiàn)在孩子們看待“偉大理想”的方式與我們大不相同。
6、We will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
我們就會(huì)作好準(zhǔn)備迎接未來帶給我們的一切。
in store的用法，注意以下例子：
①原義：儲(chǔ)存，備用
If the electricity goes off, we have candles in store in the cupboard.
The squirrel has plenty of nuts in store for the winter.
②轉(zhuǎn)義：等著的，必將發(fā)生的（注意譯文）
I have some good news in store for you. 我有好消息等著跟你說。
We don’t know what is in store for us. 我們不知道將來遭遇如何。
I hope that a bright future is in store for you. 我希望你前途光明。
7、Sometimes it is difficult to tell what is “real” and what is an image.
有時(shí)很難區(qū)分什么是“真實(shí)”，什么是圖像。
tell意為區(qū)分、辨別的用法：
He can’t tell the color. 他不能辨別顏色。
It’s difficult to tell his exact age. 很難判斷他確切年齡。
Can you tell which is the famous painting and which is a fake?
你能分辨哪一幅是名畫，哪一幅是贗品？
He can’t tell rice from wheat in the fields. 他不能區(qū)分長(zhǎng)在地里的稻子與小麥。
The teacher could not tell the twins apart. 老師無法將那兩個(gè)雙胞胎區(qū)別開。
8、need作名詞的一些用法：
①需要，不可數(shù)：
The need for specialized products will grow. 對(duì)特殊產(chǎn)品的需求在增長(zhǎng)。
We have no need for/of your advice.
He was in need of help. 他需要幫助。
There’s no need to worry about money. 無須為錢擔(dān)心。
Most of the laid-off workers are in great need. 大多數(shù)下崗工人家境貧困。
②需要的東西，某種需要，可數(shù)名詞：
They try to adapt to the new needs of their students. 他們努力去適應(yīng)學(xué)生的新需要。
There’s a real need today for this sort of book. 今天真需要這種書。
What are your basic needs? 你的基本需要東西是什么？
There is a reed for college students in industry. 工業(yè)部門需要大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。
There is a need for more science teachers in American high schools.
美國(guó)中學(xué)需要更多的科學(xué)教師。
[語(yǔ)法] 名詞性從句⑵
一、wh-疑問型名詞性從句：
由why, when, what, where, who/whom, how, whether/if引導(dǎo)，實(shí)際上是疑問句的間接引語(yǔ)形式。
①作主語(yǔ)：
What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 什么造成這個(gè)事故完全是個(gè)謎。
Why she did this is not known. 她為何做這件事不清楚。
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me. 她來不來我不關(guān)心。
（作主語(yǔ)不能用if替代whether）
常見于it先行的結(jié)構(gòu)中：
It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.
現(xiàn)在還不清楚誰(shuí)應(yīng)對(duì)這事故負(fù)責(zé)。
It’s strange how they did it. 很奇怪他們?cè)鯓幼龀傻摹?/p>
It is uncertain when he came back. 說不準(zhǔn)，他是何時(shí)回來的。
②作賓語(yǔ)：
She asked was where I was off to. 她問我要去哪里。
Please explain why this is impossible. 請(qǐng)解釋為什么這是不可能的。
I don’t care whether/if she comes. 我不在乎她來不來。
但I(xiàn) don’t know if she doesn’t come. 我不知道她是否不來。
whether從句若是否定句，一般應(yīng)改為if引導(dǎo)。
也常見于形式賓語(yǔ)it先行的結(jié)構(gòu)：
You should make it known to all who saved the little girl.
你應(yīng)該讓大家知道誰(shuí)救了那小女孩。
可作介詞賓語(yǔ)：
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.
在我下樓前，我就細(xì)心準(zhǔn)備好我必須說什么。
③作表語(yǔ)：
The problem is not who will go but who will stay. 問題不是誰(shuí)去而是誰(shuí)留。
④作同位語(yǔ)：
Have you any idea how soon they are coming? 你認(rèn)為他們多久后回來？
My original question, why he did it at all, has not been answered.
我原先的問題--他到底為何這樣做--還沒有得到回答。
二、wh-名詞性關(guān)系從句：
由whatever, wherever, whoever, whichever, what, where等引導(dǎo)，無疑問色彩，名詞性功能強(qiáng)，不用于it先行的結(jié)構(gòu)中，注意以下例句的譯文及比較替代部分。
①作主語(yǔ)：
Whoever he met was friendly to him. 任何他遇到的人對(duì)他很友好。
Anyone who
Where they live is only a small shed. 他們住的只是一個(gè)小車棚。
The place where
Whatever I have is yours. 我們有的一切都是你的。
Anything
②作賓語(yǔ)：
Don’t criticize what you don’t understand. 不要亂批評(píng)你不懂的事情。
things
He gave whoever came to the party a gift. 他給每一個(gè)來聚會(huì)的人一個(gè)小禮物。
everyone who
也能作介詞賓語(yǔ)：
You must give it back to whoever it belongs to. 你必須把它還給真正的主人。
anyone
③作表語(yǔ)：
The log cabin is where Lincoln was born. 這小木屋是林肯誕生之地。
the place where
The book is just what I have been looking for. 我本書就是我一直在找的那本。
the one
who偶爾也有作無疑問色彩的表語(yǔ)：
You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我們以前認(rèn)識(shí)的你了。
the person
④作同位語(yǔ)：一般不作同位語(yǔ)從句，偶爾也有非限制性的：
It’s a great success -- what you’ve done 這是個(gè)巨大的成功--你做到了。
三、賓語(yǔ)還是形容詞補(bǔ)足成分：
不必執(zhí)著于術(shù)語(yǔ)的不同，只要理解一下用法皆可。
I wasn’t certain whose house I was in. 我吃不準(zhǔn)在誰(shuí)的房子里。
I’m sure that he’ll come in time.
I’m not sure whether/if they are doing their best. 我不清楚他們是否在盡全力。
He was never certain what he wanted to do. 他從來不知道他要做什么。
四、疑問型還是無疑問色彩：
以-ever結(jié)尾的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句都沒有疑問色彩，而其他的要從上下文判斷，因?yàn)闊o疑問色彩的名詞性從句，不能用于形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)（it先行）的結(jié)構(gòu)中，也不作同位語(yǔ)。
試比較：
I sent them what they need. （無疑問色彩） 我將他們需要的東西送去了。
Do you know what they need? （疑問型） 你知道他們需要什么？
有時(shí)也有兩種理解并存的情況
Do you remember when we got lost?
兩種可能譯義：
①你記得我們是什么時(shí)候迷的路？（疑問型）
②你記得當(dāng)時(shí)我們迷路的情景嗎？（無疑問色彩）
同步練習(xí)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇：
1、The movie is highly praised before being shown but it remains ________ the audience will enjoy it.
A. seeing if B. to be seen whether C. to be seen if D. seen if
2、We _____ a glimpse ______ the city when our plane took off.
A. took, of B. get, at C. caught, at D. had, of
3、As a teacher, we must know different ______ our students.
A. need for B. needs of C. needs for D. need of
4、Most people _____ old age like to talk about “the good old days”.
A. in B. at the C. of D. in his
5、Do you know how most American people ______ the Iraq War now?
A. notice B. view C. observe D. consider
6、Quite a few parents only push their kids in studies but never teach them how to ______.
A. tell right from wrong B. tell right and wrong
C. judge right from wrong D. judge right and wrong
7、--Are you still thinking about the football game?
--Oh, that’s _______.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I get excited about
C. how I feel excited about D. what I get excited
8、It was a matter of ______ would come into power in the country.
A. whomever B. who C. whoever D. whom
9、He was sure _____ his girlfriend didn’t want to see him.
A. whether B. if C. that D. whether or not
10、The doctor ________ the woman hit by a taxi but she died in the end.
Choose the wrong answer:
A. cured B. treated C. tried to cure D. tried to treat
二、閱讀理解：
What changes are going to happen in our way of life? According to the writer, Patrick Gold ring, more people are going to have part-time jobs. This is going to be true for most workers. People have many interests. Full-time jobs do not allow time for these interests. People are going to have two or three different part-time jobs.
According to David Jenkins in his book “Job Power,” workers are going to have more power in their companies. They are going to have more power in their companies. They are going to have more power over their jobs and their hours. Groups of workers and company leaders are going to meet to find answers to company problems. Some companies don’t want change. Workers are demanding it, however. What is the result of “job power”? According to Jenkins, the result is a good feeling toward the company.
1、This passage is about jobs ________.
A. in companies B. today C. in the future D. in the U.S.A.
2、One change is going to be an increase in ________.
A. full-time B. part-time jobs C. work hours D. job power
3、Full-time jobs do not allow time for ___________.
A. writing B. people’s interests C. holidays D. rest
4、Companies are going to have ______ control over their workers.
A. no B. less C. more D. little
5、The idea in this passage come from _________.
A. two writers B. a book C. some companies D. workers
參 考 答 案
一、1、B 2、D 3、B 4、A 5、B 6、A 7、A 8、B 9、C 10、A
二、1、C 2、B 3、B 4、B 5、A