高 二 英 語（第1講）
主講：鄭天德 （蘇州中學(xué)）
[教學(xué)內(nèi)容與目的要求]
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容
高中英語第二冊（上） Unit 1 Making a difference
二、教學(xué)要求：
1、掌握本單元的單詞，詞組與句型。
2、掌握幾句常用口語。
There’s no doubt that human right are above all.
毫無疑問人權(quán)高于一切。
It’s clear that he has made rapid progress in English this year.
顯然今年他英語學(xué)習(xí)進步很快。
It’s hard to say. 很難說。
What’s your idea? 你有什么想法？
Have you thought about giving up smoking?
你考慮過戒煙嗎？
3、語法：復(fù)習(xí)不定式
[知識重點與學(xué)習(xí)難點]
一、重要單詞：
genius inspiration perspiration undertake analysis obvious quote gravity radioactivity euripus debate scan boundary incurable exploration disable theory seek misunderstand observe predict astronomer heaven intelligent patient
二、重點詞組：
dream of sth 夢想（做）……
doing sth
turn out (to do) … 結(jié)果（是）……
use up 用完
What if the spaceship moves faster than light?
要是宇宙飛船超光速將會怎能樣呢？
the other way around 相反地，從相反方向
[難點講解]
1、Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration.
天才是百分之一的天賦，百分之九十九的勤奮。
這句percent這后不能加of，因為這里不是指靈感的百分之一及勤奮的百分之九十九，如用of應(yīng)是：One percent of genius is inspiration, and 99percent, perspiration.
又如：40% of the students are girls in the school.
我校40%是女生。
Blacks make up 20 percent of the population here.
這里人口的20%是黑人。
上句用法必須加of，其他分數(shù)也是如此：
Three fourths of his stomach was cut off in the operation.
手術(shù)中他四分之三的胃被切除。
2、There did not seem much point in working on my PhD - I did not expect to survive that long.
攻讀博士學(xué)位對我來說似乎沒有多大意義了，我沒期望活那么久。
這里point不可數(shù)，意為：理由、意義必要等等，試看以下例子：
There’s no point in doing it. 做這事沒用處。
What’s the point of telling her again?
有必要再跟她說嗎？
There seems very little point in debating about the problem.
爭論這個問題似乎沒什么意義。
這句中that long也可用this，與so替代，但that與this比so程度上更確定，這句中就是指醫(yī)生確診還能活的那么一般時間，so往往不那么確定，往往面談，試比較：
It’s so hot today. 今天那么熱。
He’s so busy. 他是那么的忙。
Look, can you run that fast?
看，你能跑那么快嗎？（有確定的對照）
I’ve hover worked this late before.
我從沒工作到這么晚。（指我說這話時的確定時間）
3、Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.
他也不讓疾病妨礙他過他一直夢想哪種生活。
否定詞放在句首時，句子要采用語法倒裝（象疑問名那樣的結(jié)構(gòu)）：
Never have I seen so thrilling a movie.
我從沒看過那么驚險的電影。
Seldom is he late for school.
他很少上學(xué)遲到。
Not until you’ve fished your homework can you watch the sports program on TV.
你做完作業(yè)才能看體育節(jié)目。
4、Readers were pleased and surprised to find that ancients could write about his word is a way that ordinary people could understand.
讀者驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)一個科學(xué)家能用他們看得懂的方式寫書。
To explain what they have cent, they build a theory about the way in what things happen and the camases and effects.
為了解釋他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們建立了一個有關(guān)現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的方式，原因及后果的理論。
注意上述二句中way后面的定語從句：
第一句： … in a way that …這里that是understand的賓語，可以用which替代，也可省去，但決不能用in which替代。
第二句： …about the way in which …這里in which是定語從句中的方式狀語可用that 代之也可省去，但決不能用which替代。
再比較以下例子：
He always behaves in the way that I hate.
which
／
我很討厭他平時的舉止行為。
I don’t like the way in which he talks to me.
that
／
我不喜歡他與我講話的腔調(diào)。
5、Scientists, on the other hand, Hawking writes know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
寫道，科學(xué)回家知道他們的工作永遠不會終結(jié)，最好的理論是為被證明錯誤的。
turn out這里意為，結(jié)果是，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)是，最后證明是等先進事跡一種常見的用法，后面接形容詞時to be �？墒÷裕�
The examination turned out (to be) easy.
The noise turned out to be the dog scratching of the door.
這怪聲結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是狗抓門的聲音。
It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned out to be a fine day.
(to be) fine.
6、If knowledge is power, as Sir Francis Bacon wrote in 1507, then perhaps creativity can be described as the ability to use that power.
如果像弗朗西斯培根在1507年所寫的，知識就是力量的話，那么創(chuàng)造力就可能被定義為使用那力量的能力。
這句中as引導(dǎo)的是限制定語從句，as是關(guān)系代詞指“知識就是力量”這句話是wrote的賓語，其他例子有：
As he knew, she wasn’t good maths Liu Xiang won the gold medal in the 110 - meter high hurdles, as we have seen on TV.
正如我們在電視上看到的，劉翔贏了110米的金牌。
7、Despite this warning, Hawking found it necessary to in clue one equation.
不管這個警告，露茜發(fā)現(xiàn)必須引入一個公式。
despite = in spite of 不管表示讓步意義
He came to the meeting in spite of /despite his serious illness.
雖然他病得厲害，他還是去參加那個會議。
8、… he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved.
他也能算出恒星看上去似乎移動了多遠。
這里appear相當于seem，但比seem更強調(diào)是表面所顯示的不一定是真相；事實上恒星不動的，而線彎曲了，看上去象恒星位移了。其他例子：
He appeared to be talking to himself.
他好象在自言自語。
There appears to have been a mistuned standing.
看上去好象已經(jīng)有了誤會。
You appear to have traveled quite a lot.
看上去你好象跑了不少地方。
9、… it was said that only three people could understand it at the time.
據(jù)說當時只有三人能理解他的理論。
It is said that … 據(jù)說 ……之意
It was said
而It says that … 強調(diào)文字材料表達的內(nèi)容
It said
試比較：
It is said that they have found water in Mars.
據(jù)說他們在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)了水。
It says (in Boston Globe) that they have found water in Mars.
據(jù)（波士頓環(huán)球報）報道他們在火星上找到了水。
10、What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
他要看到的是全世界都沒有軍隊。
an end 意為結(jié)束，完結(jié)
Don’t worry, there will be on end to your troubles one day.
別擔心，總有一天你的煩惱會煙消云散的。
I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.
我必須警告你我們耐心快到頭了。
The meeting came to an end at last.
會議終于結(jié)束了。
[同步練習(xí)]
一、單項選擇：
1、I don’t like watching cartoons; _________ playing PC game.
A、nor like I B、nor do I like
C、neither do I D、either I don’t like
2、He studies maths in the way ________ even the teacher is puzzled about.
A、which B、in which C、where D、as
3、_________ in the book that the Universe came for the Big Bay.
A、It is B、It was said C、It says D、It is said
4、Can “Green GDP” put ________ to the destruction of our environment?
A、the end of B、an end of
C、end to D、an end to
5、Choose the wrong sentence:
A、It seems that he has seen a ghost.
B、He appears to have seem a ghost.
C、He looks t have seem a ghost.
D、He seems to have seem a ghost.
6、___________, he went on climbing the high mountain. Choose the wrong answer:
A、Despite the rough weather B、In spite of the rough weather
C、As though the weather was rough
D、Though the rough weather
7、I feel it an honor ______ to attend the opening acrimony of the new library.
A、to invite B、to be invited
C、of being invited D、to have invited
8、_________ a famous university, we must work hard at senior high school.
A、To enter B、Entering C、Having entered D、Entered
9、I have a student ________ this afternoon.
A、talk to B、to talk to C、talking to D、talked to
10、I hurried to the bark only ________ it had closed.
A、finding B、found C、to find D、to have found
二、閱讀理解
When you read the proof that today more than two and a half million children under six years old live in houses where there is the danger of lead poisoning, it is natural to ask how and why this situation has happened, and what can be done about it.
This threat to millions of children has growing through the years from several causes.
50 years ago all house paint was made with some amount of lead. The addition of lead made the paint dry faster and gave a shinier and harder finish(罩面漆). In fact, the more lead, the better and more expensive the paint, and some paint had as much as 50 percent lead.
Medical scientists, who had known for many years that lead could be poisonous when it got into the human body, finally began to speak out against the use of so much lead in places where people lived, worked and played. Then, 30 years ago the paint companies agreed to reduce the amount of lead in paint, especially that used on toys, children’s furniture and for inside walls and woodwork.
Although many--but not all--companies made an effort to reduce the use of lead, action was not quick enough to suit many public health officials and other concerned citizens. In 1972, a law was issued(提出) that, beginning in 1973, a new paint for sale on the market could not contain more than one half of one percent lead. This did not affect the old paint, of course. Some of it was over thirty years old on the walls of millions of homes.
During the post-war years, millions of Americans decided to move to larger cities and towns, away from small towns and farms. As cities grew, people from those cities moved out into the new suburbs. Many of the old houses in the cities were occupied by those who could not afford to have the houses newly-painted. Today, years later, the largest number of lead poisoning cases are being found in millions of older houses in the larger cities.
1、At one time paint that contained __________ was thought to be good.
A、no lead B、very little lead
C、a little lead D、a lot of lead
2、Factories began to reduce the use of lead __________.
A、after the second world war B、before 1972
C、after 1972 D、forty years ago
3、The largest number of lead poisoning cases today is found in _________.
A、poor areas of large cities. B、the countryside
C、rich suburbs around cities D、areas with newly built houses
4、The article suggest that heavily leaded paint is _________.
A、cheap B、fast drying
C、slow drying D、colorful
5、One can concluded after reading this article that ________.
A、although poisonous lead is useful when used in paint
B、lead is no longer used in paint
C、it’s not difficult to prevent lead poisoning
D、lead poisoning will continue to be a problem for some time
參 考 答 案
一、1、B 2、A 3、C 4、D 5、C 6、D 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、C
二、1、D 2、B 3、A 4、B 5、D