Unit 7 Living with disease（新高二分冊上）
【目標(biāo)盤點】
名 稱 語 言 知 識 要 求
詞 匯 virus, via, mosquito, prevent, persuade, defenseless, illness, treatment
liquid, unprotected, sex, lack, proper, discourage, cheer, network, specialist, meaning, boyfriend, identify, billionaire, stranger, weep, cell, chemical, radiation, fighter, contrary 四 會
deadly, imaginary, infect, transmit, route, donation, cocaine, heroin, immune, transfusion, visible, defensive, diagnose, sample, disrupt, contagious, AIDS, HIV 三 會
Stacy, Richards, invisible, curable, meaningful, crime, defensive, improper, Hammer 二 會
辨 析 persuade/ convince/ advise, die of/ die from, reason/ cause/ excuse/grounds， remember to do sth./ remember doing sth.
詞 組
與
短 語 become/ be infected with HIV (virus), get tested for HIV, a happy teenager, manage to do sth. die of, a lack of, cheer sb. Up, suffer from, deal with, contact with sb., allocate more funs for…, give sb. a hug, have sb. examined, take samples of one’s blood, a sad look in one’s eyes, an incurable disease, have an empty feeling in one’s stomach, be treated with chemicals and radiation, find strength to recover, on the contrary, think of sth. as a gift, teach sb. a lesson, take every chance to do sth., appreciate every minute of each day
熟記并會運用
句 型 1. I can become infected with HIV by swimming in a pool, sitting in a bath, holding hands or kissing someone with HIV.
2. HIV/AIDS is incurable.
3. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system, leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses,
4. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected blood transfusions or through birth.
語 法
復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語氣 能熟練地運用虛擬語氣
日 常
交 際
用 語
1. I wish I could remember more about my mum.
2. In what way does AIDS spread?
3. How do you think you would react if you were sb.?
4. How should we act towards people who have AIDS?
5. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug. 能熟練地運用本單元的日常交際用語進行日常交流
【知識梳理】
語言點講解
1.infect: 1) ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause sb/sth to have a disease; 傳染, 感染
The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria.
試驗室里的動物都受到這種細菌的感染。
Police have sealed off infected areas of the country.
警方已將全國各感染區(qū)封鎖了。
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.
班上的一個孩子發(fā)燒了，不久他就傳染上了其他孩子。
If your eyes are infected, you must go to an oculist."
"如果你的眼睛受到感染,就要去看眼科醫(yī)生。"
2) 使受影響, 使受感染 fill (sb's mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas or feelings
Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the whole class.
They became happy too. 她那快樂的情緒和爽朗的笑聲感染了全班。
Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.
瑪麗振奮的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子。
2. transmit: [usu passive] 通常用被動語態(tài)
1)~ sth (from...)(to...)send out (a signal, programme, etc) electronically by radio waves, along a telegraph wire 播送；發(fā)送
The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries.
世界杯決賽現(xiàn)正向五十多個國家作實況轉(zhuǎn)播。
2) ~ sth/itself (from...) (to...) send or pass on sth/itself from one person, place or thing to another 傳送；傳播；傳遞；傳染
Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children.
父母把一些特有的素質(zhì)遺傳給兒女。
transmit knowledge from one generation to another
把知識由一代人傳給另一代人
3. via : 1) prep by way of (sth); through 經(jīng)由，途經(jīng)
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京經(jīng)由天津去上海
go from London to Washington via New York
2) by means of:通過；憑藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托瑪麗的兄弟把信帶給她。
I can send him a note via the internal mail system.
4. persuade: vt. cause sb to do sth by arguing or reasoning with him 說服, 勸服; 使相信
persuade sb. into/ out of sth. 說服, 勸服某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth.
persuade sb. that… 后接賓語從句
Who persuaded you to join this society?
誰說服你參加這個團體?
We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.
我們使亨利相信是他錯了。
I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
我?guī)缀跸嘈潘钦\實的。
persuade/ convince/ advise
①persuade和convince意思是指“說服”，前者著重是指情感上的“敦促、勸告”后者著重指理智方面的“辯論、證明”兩者結(jié)構(gòu)相同，即：
persuade / convince sb. that…
persuade sb. / convince sb. of…
②persuade 還可以表示說服某人做某事/不做某事，結(jié)構(gòu)為 persuade sb. to do sth./ persuade sb. not to do sth.; persuade sb. into doing sth./ persuade sb. out of doing sth. He persuaded me to do that. = He persuaded me into doing that.
③ persuade 和convince都表示結(jié)果，即說服了，若表示“說服”或“勸說”的動作常用try to persuade (或用convince）也可用advise 來表示：
I advised (tried to persuade) him to start early but he couldn’t listen.
5. discourage: take away sb's confidence or hope of doing sth 使泄氣使失去信心、希望或精神 (做某事)
1）~ sb (from doing sth) 阻攔某人不要做某事
His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.
他的父母親勸他不要參加空軍。
2）try to stop (sth) 試圖阻止；阻攔；勸阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.
學(xué)校老師不贊成吸煙。
3）be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.
"If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged."
"如果你學(xué)習(xí)中遇到什么困難,不要灰心。"
discouraging adj: a discouraging result, reply 使人泄氣的結(jié)果、回答
6. identify: show, prove, etc who or what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being the specified person or thing) 確認；證明某人某事；鑒定
1）~ sb/sth as sb/sth 確認；證明某人某事；鑒定
She identified the man as her attacker.
她認出那個男人就是襲擊她的人。
2）~ sth with sth consider sth to be identical with sth; equate two things
認為某事同某事等同
One cannot identify happiness with wealth.
幸福和財富不能混為一談。
7. die of / die from
die of 因 …而死（原因多來自內(nèi)部，情感、凍餓、生病等）后常加這樣的名詞：die of hunger (cold, poison, illness, old age, a disease, thirst, sorrow, disappointed love, a fever, heat…) 死于饑餓（寒冷、中毒、疾病、年老、疾病、無聊、渴、憂傷、失戀、發(fā)燒、熱…）
die from 由于…而死（原因常來自外部），后常加這樣的名詞：die form a wound ( lack of food, an accident, over work, carelessness, drinking, some unknown cause…)死于受傷（缺乏食物、事故、工作過量、粗心、飲酒過量、不明原因等）
8. reason/ cause/ excuse/ grounds
reason: 理由，原因；指決定做某一件事或采取某一行動的理由，由此而得出結(jié)論或解釋，如：The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 這兒不能用because引導(dǎo)。
cause：起因；指引起某種后果的起因，如：
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
事故的起因是他開得太快。
excuse: 辯解，借口；指為某一行為所做的解釋，可以使真的，也可以是托詞，如：
Too much work is no excuse for not studying.
工作太多不能成為不學(xué)習(xí)的理由。
grounds: 根據(jù)，理由；有根據(jù)的理由，如：We have good grounds to believe his story. 我們有充分的理由相信他的話。
9. remember to do sth. / remember doing sth.
remember to do sth. 表示“記住要去做某事（事情沒有做）”
remember doing sth. “表示記得做過了某事（事情實際上已經(jīng)做過了）”
I clearly remember handing in my homework just now.
我清楚地記得剛才我教過作業(yè)了。
Please remember to lock the door before you leave.
請記住離開前要鎖門。
句型與語法
1. People who see Xiaohua would never guess that she is one of millions of children in the world living- and dying- with AIDS.
看過小華的人都不會想到她是世界上患艾滋病而瀕于死亡的幾百萬兒童中的一個。
句中的who see Xiaohua 是一個定語從句，先行詞是people,“看見小華的人”； would never guess that… 句子的謂語部分，后接一個賓語從句；in the world living-and-dying是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，可以轉(zhuǎn)化一個定語從句，相當(dāng)于：she is one of millions of children in the world who are living- and dying with AIDS.
2. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected blood transfusion or, as in Xiaohua’s case, through birth.
人們通過沒有預(yù)防措施的性生活，通過輸受病毒感染的血液傳播HIV(人體免疫缺損病毒)，或者像小華的案例，通過出生從母體遺傳。
句中以by“用…方式”，后接 -ving形式。having unprotected sex 這兒是“有unprotected sex”，unprotected和infected是過去分詞作形容詞用。一定要區(qū)別分詞的完成時“having done結(jié)構(gòu)”。我們知道having done,一般放在句子開頭用作狀語，它表示該形式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動詞之前。如：
Having made a lot of experiments, they discovered a new method.
在做了很多試驗之后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新方法。
Having picked up the examination papers, the teacher announced the class dismissed. 在收完了所有的考試卷之后，老師宣布放學(xué)。
Having finished all my homework, I had a drink and went out.
在做完了家庭作業(yè)之后，我喝了一杯出去了。
這兒的as后接一個省略的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于as it happened in Xiaohua’s case, she got infected through birth.
3. There were days when I wished that I were dead so that I wouldn’t have to feel so sick.
那些日子我多么希望我已經(jīng)死了，這樣我就沒有必要忍受那么多的痛苦。
when這兒接一個定語從句，先行詞是days。I wish后接虛擬語氣；so that 用了一個目的狀語從句。
虛擬語氣：虛擬條件中所陳述的內(nèi)容都表明與客觀事實相反，它僅僅表示說話者的一種主觀愿望或假設(shè)。虛擬語氣一般分為三種情況如下表：
條 件 從 句 主 句
與現(xiàn)在事實相反
動詞過去式（be動詞一律用were）
would
could + 動詞原型
might
should
與過去事實相反
had +過去分詞
would
could +have+ 動詞原型
might
should
與將來事實相反
1）動詞過去時
2）should +動詞原型
3）were to +動詞原型
would
could + 動詞原型
might
should
e.g.1．與現(xiàn)在事實相反：
If I were you, I would try again.
If they had time now, they would come and join us in the discussion.
If he were alive today, how happy he would be!
2. 與過去事實相反：
If you had come earlier last night, you might have met him.
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
We wouldn’t have succeeded if it hadn’t been for their help.
3. 與將來事實相反：
He is in New York now. If I saw him tonight I would give it to him.
= If I should see him tonight, I would give it to him.
= if I were to see him tonight. I would give it to him.
1）在suggest, insist, propose, demand, request, order, command, advise等表示建議、勸告、要求、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣， 即：“（should）+動詞原型”，其中should 可以省略。我們可以用十個首字母 來巧記需要根虛擬語氣的動詞。
I drop caps. 我丟掉了很多帽子。
I（insist） drop（demand, require, order, prefer） caps. (command, ask, propose, suggest) “主+ 動詞+ that +主 +(should) +動詞原形”
2）動詞wish 后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞必須用虛擬語氣，表示未實現(xiàn)的或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。
如：I wish I were young again.
I wish I knew the answer.
4. “I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.” “我們希望人們了解實情，”她說， “不要把我當(dāng)成壞人或危險的人。”
as if 用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句，常常放在act, look, sound, smell, feel等動詞的后面。
如：He acted as if nobody was round. 他旁若無人。
The tree looks as if it is going to fall down. 那顆樹看起來要倒。
Tim sounded as if he had a cold. 蒂姆聽起來像是患了感冒。
as if 后面引導(dǎo)的從句中也可以使用虛擬語氣。如：
He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
他說英語就像是一名英國人
She acted as if nothing had happened.
她行動就好像什么事也沒有發(fā)生過一樣。
The lady looked very much worried as if something would happen to her.
那位女士看上去很著急，好像她身上要發(fā)生什么事一樣。
交際用語
1. One reason is that…后接一個表語從句
e.g. One reason is that you are too young for the job.
2. What makes you think that…后接一個賓語從句
e.g. What makes you think that you have got infected with HIV?
3. If I were you, I would…
If I were you, I would fly the kite without my parents.