一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（The Present Perfect Tense）
1. 動(dòng)作發(fā)生于一個(gè)非確定的過(guò)去的時(shí)間（過(guò)去的時(shí)間并不重要或根本不知道），但它的結(jié)果仍對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響.
I have read the letter， and I know what it is about.
2. 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，目前仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束， 常和“for” 加上“一段時(shí)間”，或“since” 加上“一個(gè)確切的過(guò)去的時(shí)間”連用。
“for”用于過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間. （動(dòng)詞必須是可以延續(xù)的）
He has been there for six months. 他去那有6個(gè)月了。（直到現(xiàn)在）
He has never been there. 他從來(lái)都沒(méi)去過(guò)那里。（直到現(xiàn)在）
“since”用于過(guò)去的一個(gè)確切的時(shí)間，意思是“從那時(shí)一直到現(xiàn)在”，總是和完成時(shí)一齊用，而且不能省略。（主句動(dòng)詞必須是可以延續(xù)的）
since +一段時(shí)間＋ago；since＋一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since＋從句。如：
He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.
He has stayed here since 3 o’clock.
Tim has been in Nantong since January.
自從1月份以來(lái)Tim一直都在南通。（現(xiàn)在仍在南通）
注意：“since”后面的確切的過(guò)去的時(shí)間也可以是一個(gè)含有過(guò)去時(shí)的從句.
He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.
他打小時(shí)候起就對(duì)收集硬幣感興趣。（現(xiàn)在還是如此）
He has taught English since he came here.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和短語(yǔ)“up to now /till now”，“so far”（意思是從過(guò)去某一確定的時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）連用。
Up to/till now he's read many storybooks. 至今他已讀過(guò)好多故事書(shū)。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已去過(guò)紐約三次。
3. 剛剛完成的動(dòng)作.
I've just got a letter from my brother.
4. “already”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中，“yet”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。
He has （already） visited many places in China. （already）
He has come back now. Have you ever been to Australia?
注意“already”在句中的兩種位置.
The train hasn't arrived yet.火車(chē)（到現(xiàn)在）還沒(méi)有到。
Has she arrived yet? 她已經(jīng)到了嗎？Hasn't he come yet? 他還沒(méi)來(lái)嗎？
I haven't been very successful so far.我一直都沒(méi)有成功。
注意：“have been”（去過(guò)） 和“have gone”（去了） 的區(qū)別:
He has gone to Beijing .（He is there or is on his way there.）
He has been to Shanghai . （He was there once, but he is not there now.）
5. 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它只是指一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
I've cleaned the sitting-room. 我已把起居室打掃過(guò)了。（已完成了工作）
6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示一個(gè)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
He has rung me up five times today. （五次分隔的行為）
7. 通常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一起用的副詞：
I have just got a letter from my brother.
He has already bought an American car and has gone to the U.S.A.
He has been there for six months so far.
Mother has never been abroad before.
常和完成時(shí)連用的副詞和短語(yǔ)：
already, yet, just, ever, never, before
today, now, this morning, this week, these days, in the past two years
for three hours, for two weeks, for years, for a long time
since three o'clock, since last Tuesday, since 1980, since then
since he came here, since we began to learn English
8. 短暫性動(dòng)詞通常不能和表一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，應(yīng)用意義與其相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、be＋形容詞/副詞等來(lái)代替它們。如：borrow改為keep/have; die改為be dead; leave改為be away等，或?qū)⑼瓿蓵r(shí)改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
錯(cuò)：He has died for 3 years.
正：He has been dead for 3 years.
正：He died 3 years ago.
錯(cuò)：How long have you borrowed it?
正：How long have you kept it?
在例2中應(yīng)注意how long是一個(gè)不確定的一段時(shí)間。但應(yīng)注意，短暫性動(dòng)詞的否定式表示一個(gè)狀態(tài)，它可以和表一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
I haven’t seen you for 2 years.
9. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如：
I have lost my pen.（強(qiáng)調(diào)我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有筆）
I lost my pen.（過(guò)去筆掉了，沒(méi)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否有筆）
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可和表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（before, just等除外），但一般過(guò)去時(shí)可和表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如yesterday, last week, three days ago, just now等連用。如：
A：Hello, Kate! Have you had supper?
B：Yes, I have.
A：When did you have it?
在此例中，應(yīng)注意when是一個(gè)不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間。
（二）賓語(yǔ)從句
在復(fù)合句中，作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)的句子稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下要點(diǎn)：
1. 在連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that本身無(wú)意義，不是句子的任何成分。在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中常被省略。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
She says （that） she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.
她說(shuō)她將在校長(zhǎng)的桌上放個(gè)留言條。
I hope （that） you’ll have a good holiday.
希望你（們）假日愉快。
2. 后面常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞有：think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, mean, agree, fell等。
I see （that） you come here on foot today. 我看你今天是步行來(lái)的。
I hear （that） one of the pandas has a baby.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)有只熊貓生了個(gè)小熊貓。
3. 后面常接賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有：sure, glad, pleased, happy, afraid等。如：
I’m sure he would love to come to your birthday party.
我相信他會(huì)很樂(lè)意參加你的生日聚會(huì)。
We are both very happy that we are twins.
我們倆都為我們是雙胞胎而感到高興。
4. 連接代詞（who, whom, whose, what, which）引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句語(yǔ)序：
連接代詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他成分
Please tell me who / whom we have met.
Do you know what they should do?
The boy asked whose shirt is it?
Could you tell me which teacher will teach us next term?
5. 連接副詞（why, when, where, how）引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句語(yǔ)序：
連接副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他成分
She doesn’t know why her friends like Chinese so much.
The teacher had to find out why he is often late for school.
Grandmother couldn’t remember where she put her book.
Lucy didn’t tell her mother when she would be back.
The boy doesn’t know when he must finish his homework.
6. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：
A. 主句的動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。
B. 主句的動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞必須使用過(guò)去相應(yīng)的某種時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)等）。
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：80分鐘）
一. 選擇填空：
1. Do you know how much hot water ?
A. Mum is needed B. does Mum need
C. Mum needs D. did Mum need
2. Can you tell me ?
A. where he is B. where is he
C. he is where D. what is he
3. I didn’t know how to London?
A. would they go B. are they going
C. they would go D. they are going
4. I want to know how long
A. has he been back B. has he come back
C. he has been back D. he has come back
5. Do you know ?
A. what the news are B. what is the news
C. what the news is D. what are the news
6. He said he would help me with my maths if he free.
A. was B. will be C. would be D. is
7. He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.
A. gets B. is getting C. will get D. shall get
8. Father music when he young
A. liked…was B. liked…is
C. likes…was D. likes…is
9. I liked sports I was young.
A. so much as B. so much that
C. very much when D. very much because
10. mother got home, I was tidying my room.
A. After B. When C. As soon as D. Before
11. The teacher didn’t begin her class the students stopped talking.
A. until B. because C. after D. when
12. If it tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
A. doesn’t rain B. won’t rain C. not rains D. isn’t rain
13. Could you tell me we get to the plane?
A. how B. whether C. where D. what
14. When they got to the cinema, the film for the ten minutes.
A. had been on B. has begun
C. began D. had begun
15. The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.
A. if B. who C. that D. what
16. Lucy looks stronger Lily.
A. than B. as C. then D. not as
17. I know nothing about it he told me.
A. because B. since C. until D. after
18. You must make your new house clean and safe you move in.
A. because B. when C. before D. until
19. I was tired I couldn’t walk on.
A. so…that B. too…to
C. very…that D. very…to
20. I thought he to see his mother if he time.
A. will go…h(huán)as B. will go …will have
C. would go …would have D. would go …h(huán)ad
二. 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1. I won’t return the book to the library because I (not finish) reading it.
2. As soon as he saw me, he to speak to me. (stop)
3. I hope he (come) back in a week.
4. It (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.
5. The old man told the children (not walk) in the rice fields.
6. He told me he (help) me with my maths the next evening.
7. She said they (know) each other for quite some time.
8. If it (not rain) tomorrow, we (visit) the Pepole’s Museum.
9. John (write) something when I (go) to see him.
10. Our teacher told us that light (travel) much faster than sound.
11. When I got to the cinema, the film (begin)
12. Mike asked me if we (ask) any questions the next class.
13. Will you come and stay with us for a while when you (finish) doing your homework?
14. Comrade Wang didn’t know if there (be) on English evening that day.
15. Please tell me if she (come) again next time.
三. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空
1. Mary _______ already ______ (have) her supper.
2. I ______ (not want) to see the film. I ______ (see) it with my parents. We ______ (see) it last week.
3. ______ you ______ (get) something to eat? Yes, I do.
4. They ______ just ______(find) their son.
5. My mother _______ (not work) at her desk when I came in. She ______ (read) a news paper in her desk.
6. Jim ______ just ______ (come) back from England. He ______ (get) home five minutes ago.
7. The librarian ______ (ask) him ______ (pay) for the lost book.
四. 閱讀理解
A
In the presidential election(選舉) of 1860 Lincoln won. People from eighteen free states helped make him president of the United States.
But all Americans did not want Lincoln to be their leader. Many white people in Southern States believed Lincoln would take away their power in government and their slaves, too.
Slavery was not the only problem troubling Americans from 1800 to 1860.White Southerners believed that Northern law-makers passed unfair tax(稅收) laws.
The laws white Southerners believed were most unfair put a tax on factory goods shipped from other countries to the United States. Southerners believed that such laws hurt them more than any other Americans. They believed this because in the South, there were few factories. People needed to buy factory-made goods that were shipped either from foreign countries or from the North. If Southerners bought foreign goods, they had to pay an extra amount caused by the tax. If they bought goods made in Northern factories, they helped make the North a richer, more powerful region than the south.
Whatever the reasons were, white Southerners were ready to fight. They prepared themselves to fight to keep what they believed they owned and against tax laws they believed were unfair.
( ) 1. Lincoln won in the election mainly with the help of ___________.
A. all American people B. the Southerners
C. the Northerners D. the people from the 18 states
( ) 2. “All Americans did not want Lincoln to be their leader” means_______.
A. not all Americans wanted Lincoln to be their leader
B. only a few Americans wanted Lincoln to be their leader
C. no Americans opposed(反對(duì)) Lincoln to be their leader
C. many Americans opposed Lincoln to be their leader
( ) 3. The problem troubling Americans from 1800 to 1860 was _____.
A. slavery B. tax laws C. presidential election D. both A and B
( ) 4. The laws which white Southerners opposed put a tax on ______.
A. goods made in the factories in the South
B. goods made in the factories in the North
C. goods made in other countries
D. goods made in the United States and other countries
( ) 5. The white Southerners believed that the tax laws would ________.
A. make the United States become stronger
B. do good only to the Northerners
C. do good to the Southerners
D. help people to buy goods made in Southern factories
B
The newspaper seller was a clean neat(整潔的) man, of about forty with a rather serious(嚴(yán)肅的), unsmiling face. he didn't speak much to the customers or to his helpers, but when he did, he spoke slowly and quietly, as if to himself. He believed in deeds(行動(dòng)), not conversations.
It had been a good day. Lunch-time had been warm and sunny, and many people had bought magazines to read outside with their sandwiches. Now it was cold and rainy, and people wanted an evening paper for a cheerless journey ahead and an uninteresting evening indoors
At 6:30 with the main rush over, he started to collect the money together and count it. Then he left the stand and went home. It was the assistant's turn this evening to look after it till eight o'clock. His large white car was in the car park of a large government building. He'd parked there for six months, pretending to be a member of a heating company working in the building. They would find him out, and he'd have to park in a garage again, which was troublesome. The cost was far too high. A couple of junior clerks(職員), regular customers, happened to see him getting into his car. “There must be a lot of money in papers, eh? ” one of them shouted. He just smiled coldly in reply, and got into the car, placing the bags of money on the floor.
He thought about the clerks on the way home. Like most of his customers in spite of their white shirts and dark suits, they probably made in a week as much as he could make in a good day.
( ) 1.The newspaper seller would probably be the sort of man who would _______.
A. be a cheerful(愉快的) companion(伙伴)
B. try to cheat his customers
C. trust his assistant very much
D. dislike conversation
( )2. The weather that day had been _______.
A. good for lunch-time sales, but not later
B. good for early evening sales, but not earlier
C. bad for sales throughout
D. good for sales throughout
( ) 3. The assistant's job that evening was to _____.
A. sell papers until 8o'clock
B. start selling magazines at 8 o'clock
C. count the money taken that day
D. lock up the car park
( )4. If they realized that wasn't a heating engineer, he'd have to ______.
A. park his car in a government car park
B. look for another free parking place
C. pay to park his car in a garage
D. pretend he worked in a government office
( )5. When the newspaper seller thought about the two clerks, he decided that they were _______.
A. badly dressed B. well dressed
C. not as rich as himself D. not as hardworking as himself
五. 完形填空
Mark was a farmer, and he lived in a village far 1 . One day, he 2 very ill, and everyone thought he would die. They 3 a doctor, and two days later, the doctor 4 , and examined the sick man. The doctor 5 for a pen and some paper to write down the name of the medicine. But there was 6 pen or paper in the village, because no one could read and write.
The doctor picked up a piece of 7 wood from the fire. So he used the wood and wrote the name of the medicine 8 the door of the house. “Get this medicine for him, ” he said, “and he will soon get 9 . ”
Mark's family and friends didn't know 10 to do. They could not 11 the strange words. Then the village baker(面包師) had an idea. He 12 the door of the house, put it on his cart and drove 13 the nearest hospital. He bought the medicine, and Mark was soon 14 again. He 15 not let anyone wash the magic(魔術(shù)的) words.
( ) 1. A out B. away C. from D. aside
( ) 2. A came B. is C. became D. had been
( ) 3. A sent for B. sent C. ask for D. asked
( ) 4. A got to B. reached C. comes D. arrived
( ) 5. A asked B. wanted C. got D. fetched
( ) 6. A not a B. not C. no D. nothing
( ) 7. A hot B. burning C. burnt D. firing
( ) 8. A on B. at C. in D. to
( ) 9. A better B. best C. right D. worse
( ) 10. A when B. what C. how D. that
( ) 11. A said B. spoke C. read D. wrote
( ) 12. A took off B. took out C. took on D. got out
( ) 13. A in B. for C. to D. at
( ) 14. A right B. sick C. well D. good
( ) 15. A should B. could C. might D. would
【試題答案】
一. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C
6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. C
16. A 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. D
二. 1. haven’t finished 2. stopped
3. will come 4. was raining
5. not to walk 6. would help
7. had known 8. doesn’t rain, will visit
9. was writing, went 10. travels
11. had begun 12. would ask
13. finish 14. would be
15. will come
三. 1. has, had 2. don’t want, have seen, saw 3. Have, got 4. have, found
5. wasn’t working was reading 6. has, come, got 7. asked, to pay
四. A 1-5 DADCB B 1-5 DDACC
五. 1-5 BCADA 6-10 CCAAB 11-15 CACCD