知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 disability ability fair guidance gifted assist sympathy encouragement *visual impair disappointing adjust *ceremony sense victory *dignity shameful participate self-confidence public accessible presentation environmentally heel vest backwards reappear *patent officer petrol *automatically thinker background reject possibility otherwise attempt deepen connection unreasonable *application respected uninspired rider storage glue
詞組 get around adjust to get used to be tired of allow for get stuck break away from be aware of trial and error
語(yǔ)法 構(gòu)詞法
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.assist
例句集錦
vt.
He often assists me financially.
他常在經(jīng)濟(jì)上幫助我。
Good glasses assist your eyes.
好眼鏡有助于你的眼睛。
She assisted her sister with her lesson.
她幫助妹妹做功課。
vi.
She assisted in doing his homework.
她幫他做功課。
He will assist with the tuition fees.
他愿意幫助付學(xué)費(fèi)。
n.
The girl finished her homework without an assist from her mother.
那個(gè)女孩沒(méi)有母親協(xié)助就做完了她的功課。
用法歸納
*assist有如下用法：（1）＋賓語(yǔ)；（2）＋賓語(yǔ)＋介詞＋（代）名詞；（3）＋賓語(yǔ)＋副詞（短語(yǔ)）；（4）＋賓語(yǔ)＋to do。
特別提示
用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常與介詞in和with搭配。
2.impair
例句集錦
vt.
Poor food impaired his health.
營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足的食物損害了他的健康。
Don’t boil the sauce as this and impair the flavor.
醬汁還要煮沸，否則會(huì)影響味道。
adj. impaired 受損的；變差的
TV reception may be impaired in some areas.
某些地區(qū)電視的接收效果可能會(huì)受到影響。
3．a(chǎn)djust
例句集錦
vt.
He adjusted his tie in a mirror.
他照鏡子調(diào)整領(lǐng)帶。
Can you adjust colour on a TV?
你會(huì)調(diào)整電視的色彩嗎？
adjust a radio 調(diào)節(jié)收音機(jī)
He adjusted the telescope to his eye.
他調(diào)好望遠(yuǎn)鏡以適合眼睛觀看。
She adjusted the seat to the height of her child.
她調(diào)節(jié)座椅以適合她孩子的身高。
vi.
He soon adjusted to school life.
他不久就適應(yīng)了學(xué)校生活。
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes of（in）temperature.
身體能很快地自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)溫度的變化。
You must adjust yourself to new circumstances.
你必須使自己適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。
用法歸納
*adjust作及物動(dòng)詞用法：（1）+賓語(yǔ)；（2）+賓語(yǔ)+to+代（名）詞，意為“調(diào)節(jié)、調(diào)整；使適合或便于使用；調(diào)停（歧見(jiàn)、爭(zhēng)端）”。
特別提示
用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常跟介詞to搭配。
4．sense
例句集錦
（1）官能、感覺(jué)
He has a poor sense of smell.
他嗅覺(jué)極差。
We all have the five senses.
我們都有五種官能。
I’ll probably get lost-I haven’t got a very good sense of direction.
我可能會(huì)迷路--我的方向感不太好。
（2）make sense 有意義
Read this and tell me if it makes sense.
讀讀這篇東西，告訴我它的意思是否明確。
It just doesn’t make sense － why would she do a thing like that?
這真是無(wú)法解釋--她為什么會(huì)做出這樣的事情？
It makes sense to save money while you can.
能省錢時(shí)就節(jié)省，這是明智的。
（3）sense of rhythm/timing節(jié)奏感/時(shí)機(jī)感
I like Michelle-she’s got a really good sense of humor.
我喜歡米歇爾--她很有幽默感。
固定搭配：in no sense 決不（用于強(qiáng)調(diào)）
in a very real sense確定地、毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地
In a very real sense,we can say that education is the most vital of all resources.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們可以說(shuō)在所有資源中教育是最重要的。
in a sense/in one sense/in some senses 在某種意義上
用法歸納
*sense可用作名詞，主要義項(xiàng)有：感覺(jué);有意義；看見(jiàn)、嗅到、觸摸等。
特別提示
make sense有意義，名詞sense前不用冠詞，但sense表示“……感”時(shí)，其前常用形容詞或冠詞。
5.*involve
例句集錦
vt.
What will the job involve?
這份工作包括什么？
I didn’t know/realize putting on a play involved so much work.
我沒(méi)有想到演出一場(chǎng)戲需要做這么多工作。
Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.
每天我們每個(gè)人作出的決定都包含碰運(yùn)氣的成分。
These changes will involve everyone on the staff.
這些變革將會(huì)影響到我們每個(gè)人。
Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
盡量多讓些孩子參與游戲。
More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.
30多家軟件公司參與了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
用法歸納
*involve可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：包含（必要的部分或結(jié)果），需要，包括；涉及、影響；要求/允許（某人）參與；參與某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，與某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有關(guān)聯(lián)的。
特別提示
involved 詞性已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞在句中作表語(yǔ)。
6.attempt
例句集錦
n.
He made one last attempt at the world record.
他為破世界記錄作了最后一次努力。
They made no attempt at escaping.
他們沒(méi)有試圖逃走。
Zhang Jian made an attempt to swim across the English Channel.
張健試圖游過(guò)英吉利海峽。
They decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices.
他們減少生產(chǎn)量，以試圖抬高價(jià)格。
vt.
They attempted a surprise attack.
他們企圖偷襲。
The prisoners attempted to escape,but failed.
那些囚犯試圖逃走，但失敗了。
He attempted breaking the world record.
他試圖打破世界紀(jì)錄。
用法歸納
*attempt 可用作名詞和及物動(dòng)詞，意為：努力、嘗試、企圖、未遂行為； 嘗試；試圖；試圖征服（危險(xiǎn)的山、海等）。
特別提示
attempt 用作及物動(dòng)詞表示“試圖；企圖”時(shí)，常含結(jié)果失敗之意。
●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.get/be/come used to
例句集錦
I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work.
我肯定會(huì)習(xí)慣艱苦的工作。
I haven’t got used to getting up so early.
我不習(xí)慣于起這么早。
After a month she got/become used to English food.
一個(gè)月后，她變得習(xí)慣于（吃）英國(guó)食品。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）used to 過(guò)去常常
I used to smoke a pipe.
我從前常抽煙斗。
I used to think I’d like to be an astronaut.
我從前想當(dāng)宇航員。
It used to be believed that the earth was flat.
以前的人相信地球是平的。
（2）be used to 還可表示“被用來(lái)”,used動(dòng)詞use的被動(dòng)形式。
Bamboo is used to make paper.
竹子被用來(lái)造紙。
特別提示
be used to doing用法與get used to doing相同，只不過(guò)be used to 表示狀態(tài)，而get used to 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。
2.allow for
例句集錦
The journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.
這趟旅行通常需時(shí)三周，但是你應(yīng)該考慮到惡劣天氣所造成的延誤。
His inexperience should be allowed for.
他的無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)被考慮在內(nèi)。
Allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is $2 million.
考慮到通貨膨脹的因素，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用為200萬(wàn)美元。
相關(guān)歸納
considering（介詞）考慮到；鑒于
Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.
考慮到對(duì)方實(shí)力強(qiáng)大，我們進(jìn)了兩個(gè)球就很不錯(cuò)了。
John did quite well considering how little he studied.
考慮到約翰才學(xué)了那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，他考得已算很不錯(cuò)了。
特別提示
allow for 為動(dòng)詞詞組，而considering詞性為介詞。
3.be aware of
例句集錦
I’m well（quite）aware of the risk.
我深知那項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
She was/became aware of the danger.
她（終于）覺(jué)察到危險(xiǎn)。
He was aware that he had drunk too much.
他曉得他喝了太多（酒）。
Few of them were aware（of）what a hypocrite he really was.
他們之中很少人知道他實(shí)際上是個(gè)什么樣的偽君子。
Are you aware（of）how much this means to me?
你曉得這對(duì)我有多大意義嗎？
特別提示
作介詞“of”賓語(yǔ)的可數(shù)名詞、that從句及wh-從句，在接從句時(shí)，of常可省略。
●必背句型
1.while 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
教材原句
While I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.
盡管我可能走不了路，但我能做許多其他的了不起的事情。
特別提示
while 可用于表示讓步、對(duì)照，意為“然而，但是，雖然”。
（1）That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
那個(gè)地區(qū)自然資源豐富，這個(gè)地區(qū)卻一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有。
（2）While I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right.
雖然我對(duì)他們有些同情，我卻不認(rèn)為他們是對(duì)的。
（3）While she is a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.
她雖然是一個(gè)可愛(ài)的姑娘，但有時(shí)很難與她共事。
特別提示
可用于這種表示讓步關(guān)系的連詞還有although,though,when等。注意：when引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，常置于主句之后。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope.
他們明知沒(méi)有希望，但還是在不停地挖。
（2）He works when he might retire.
雖然可以退休，他還是工作。
2.“與其說(shuō)……倒不如……；不只是”的表示法
教材原句
They need recognition, more than sympathy and help.
與其說(shuō)他們需要同情與幫助，倒不如說(shuō)他們需要承認(rèn)。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）It’s her manner I dislike, more than what she actually says.
我討厭的倒不是她實(shí)際上說(shuō)些什么，而是她的態(tài)度。
（2）She cares far more for her dogs than she does for me.
她關(guān)心狗遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝過(guò)關(guān)心我。
（3）Chinese is more than a language.
中文不僅僅是一種語(yǔ)言。
*rather than也表此意
（1）He is a politician rather than a statesman.
說(shuō)他是政治家，不如說(shuō)他是政客。
（2）It is hot rather than warm.
與其說(shuō)天氣暖和，不如說(shuō)是熱。
（3）I would prefer to stay home rather than go out.
我寧愿留在家里也不愿出去。
疑難突破
1.accept...as;recognize...as;treat...as...;think of...as...
accept...as...接受或認(rèn)可（某種演說(shuō)、說(shuō)明等）；忍受
recognize ...as公認(rèn)……
treat ... as ... 把……當(dāng)作……
think of...as...認(rèn)為……是……（普通用語(yǔ)）
應(yīng)用
（1）We now______the car as being essential rather than a luxury.
（2）Immediately after her death,Qiu in was______as a heroine.
（3）You may______the report as true/a fact.
（4）Lawrence’s novel was eventually______as a work of genius.
（5）We have to______things as they are.
（6）He______my words as a joke.
答案：（1）think of （2）recognized （3）accept （4）recognized （5）accept
（6）treated 或thought of
2.get,gain,win,earn
get是最普遍的詞，在非正式場(chǎng)合可以替代幾乎所有的其他動(dòng)詞。
gain暗示目的物需要努力奮斗才能得到，強(qiáng)調(diào)獲得的過(guò)程。
win指在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、比賽中獲勝，并可能由此得到獎(jiǎng)賞。
earn通常用于與金錢、報(bào)酬、謀生相關(guān)的場(chǎng)合，而且含有這些報(bào)酬是應(yīng)得的意思，暗示獲得物與所花的氣力是相互成比例的。
應(yīng)用
（1）I sat in the front of the bus to ______a good view of the countryside.
（2）She______experience while working for the newspaper.
（3）Who is going to ______the elections?
（4）She ______￡1 000 a month.
答案：（1）get （2）gained （3）win （4）earns
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ,27）______you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theatre.
A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless
剖析：從上下文的意思看，從句中需要表示否定含義的引導(dǎo)詞，unless在意思上相當(dāng)于if not,因此選D。
答案：D
【例2】 （2004年浙江,35）Anyway,that evening,______I’ll tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A.when B.where C.what D.which
剖析：本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。本句中的先行詞為that evening;關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)。
答案：D