高中第二冊(cè)（上）
Unit 1-Unit 2
知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 *undertake *obvious within agriculture *gravity curious branch *debate promising graduate incurable *engage research *wheelchair *theory disable seek misunderstand scientific *observe observation match unhappiness *microscope *telescope heaven *intelligent patient experiment *media *reliable *editor reason *elect *injure *headline informed inform relate *talent *talented *switch present effort spiritual seldom social attention *critical *source affair telegram *locate *retire complete *overseas *bore *attitude disappoint guard *responsible *troublemaker *caring citizen polluter arm comparison
詞組 work on go by *be /get engaged to sb. go on with dream of turn out use up be satisfied with take a look at what if the other way around go up burn down relate（...）to for once even if draw attention to on all sides
change one’s mind current affairs look up to fall in love with...
語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞不定式 過(guò)去分詞
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.promise
例句集錦
n.
（1）I gave her my promise and I will keep it.
我答應(yīng)了她就會(huì)遵守諾言。
I am under no promise to help him.
我沒(méi)有允諾要幫助他。
He made a promise that he would give up smoking.
他許下諾言要戒煙。
（2）He showed considerable promise as a tennis player.
他顯示相當(dāng)有希望成為網(wǎng)球選手。
The weather gave promise of warmth.
天氣有希望變暖和。
v.
（1）She promised me her help.
她答應(yīng)給我?guī)椭?/p>
She promised not to tell anyone.
她答應(yīng)不告訴任何人。
I promised him to be there at noon.
我答應(yīng)他中午到達(dá)那里。
They promised（us）that the work should be done next week.
他們答應(yīng)（我們）那件工作在下星期做好。
（2）The clear sky promises fine weather.
無(wú)云的天空預(yù)示著晴天。
His childhood did not seem to promise much.
他的童年時(shí)代似乎并未顯出有多大前途。
It promises to be fine tomorrow.
明天可望天晴。
（3）I can’t promise,but I’ll do my best.
我無(wú)法答應(yīng)，不過(guò)我會(huì)盡力而為。
-Alice is not coming tonight.
愛(ài)麗絲今晚不來(lái)。
-But she promised!但她答應(yīng)了！
（4）She promises well as a singer.
她很有希望當(dāng)歌星。
（5）Jack is a promising youth.
杰克是有前途的青年。
The weather is promising.
天氣可望轉(zhuǎn)好。
用法歸納
*promise 可用作名詞和動(dòng)詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：諾言；約定；前途；希望；答應(yīng)；允諾；有（……）希望；預(yù)示；可望。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其搭配形式為：+名詞；+雙賓；+不定式；+that 從句。
特別提示
在promise somebody to do something 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式to do something 作直接賓語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，而不是作賓補(bǔ)。
2.observe
例句集錦
v.
（1）An astronomer observes the stars.
天文學(xué)家觀察星辰。
Please observe how I do this.
請(qǐng)注意看我是怎么做的。
（2）I observed a glimmer in the dark.
我看到黑暗中的微光。
I observed him enter the bank.
我看到他進(jìn)入了那家銀行。
（被動(dòng)式要用不定式：He was observed to enter the bank.）
I observed a stranger entering the house.
我看到一個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)入該屋。
He observed that it looked like rain.
他注意到似乎要下雨了。
（3）observe the speed limit 遵守速度限制
observe silence 信守沉默，保持安靜
（4）“It may rain,”he observed.
“可能會(huì)下雨，”他說(shuō)。
She observed that he looked unhappy.
她說(shuō)他看起來(lái)不快樂(lè)。
（5）observe closely 注意看
（6）No one observed on the matter.
沒(méi)有人評(píng)論那件事。
n. observation
He made observations of the customs of the natives.
他觀察了當(dāng)?shù)厝说牧?xí)俗。
They were under observation by the police.
他們受到警察監(jiān)視。
用法歸納
*observe 可用作動(dòng)詞（vi.＆vt.），主要義項(xiàng)有：觀察；監(jiān)視；認(rèn)識(shí)；注意到；遵守；慶祝；說(shuō)；評(píng)論。
作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要搭配形式為：+名詞；+從句；+不定式、分詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
特別提示
observe 后跟不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但把此結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要跟帶to 的不定式。
3.present
例句集錦
adj.
（1）Those present were all college students.
出席者全為大學(xué)生。
Only a few students were present at the party.
只有少數(shù)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)在那個(gè)聚會(huì)。
（2）at the present time [day] 現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)今
The present chairperson is a woman.
現(xiàn)在的主席是一名婦女。
n.
（1）for the present 目前；暫且
up to the present 到現(xiàn)在為止；到目前
（2）I gave her a dictionary as a birthday present.
我給她一本詞典作為生日禮物。
We made a present of a vase to him.
我們將一個(gè)花瓶贈(zèng)送給他。
v.
（1）He presented a gold watch to me.
（=He presented me with a golden watch.）
他送給我一只金表。
The waiter presented the bill to me.
（=The waiter presented me with the bill.）
侍者把賬單交給我。
（2）present one’s best respects to a person向某人問(wèn)候
Present my greetings to Mr Jones.
請(qǐng)代我向瓊斯先生問(wèn)候。
（3）May I present Mr Jones（to you）?
請(qǐng)讓我介紹瓊斯先生給你好嗎？
（4）He presented himself at my office.
他出現(xiàn)在我的辦公室。
She presented herself in court.
她出庭。
A good opportunity has presented itself.
一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)了。
A wonderful idea presented itself to him[in his mind].
一個(gè)妙主意浮現(xiàn)在他的心頭。
（5）This task presents no difficulty to me.
（=This task presents me with no difficulty.）
這件工作對(duì)我而言沒(méi)有困難。
（6）She presented a happy appearance.
她顯出愉快的樣子。
She presented a smiling face to us.
她以笑臉對(duì)我們。
用法歸納
*present 可用作形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：在場(chǎng)的；此刻的；現(xiàn)在；禮物；給；提出；表達(dá)；介紹；出現(xiàn)；浮現(xiàn)；提供；表現(xiàn)；顯示。主要搭配形式為：present sth.to sb.;present sb.with sth.
特別提示
present 是個(gè)很活躍的詞，詞性、詞義比較多，要熟記其用法。
●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.go by
例句集錦
Years have gone by.許多年過(guò)去了。
He was not in when I went by.
我拜訪的時(shí)候，他不在家。
You can’t go by what he says.
你不能相信他的話。
He goes by the name of Carl.他名叫卡爾。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）go down 下降，下跌；沉沒(méi)
She went down by elevator.她乘電梯下去。
Prices are going down.物價(jià)正在下跌。
The ship went down into the sea.
那艘船沉到海中。
（2）go off 發(fā)射；爆炸；變壞；入寢；進(jìn)展；聚會(huì)；熄滅；中斷
Go off（with a）bang. 砰一聲爆炸了。
The gun went off by accident.
那支槍意外走火了。
This food has gone off.這食物壞掉了。
The child has gone off（to sleep）.
那個(gè)孩子睡著了。
The party went off well.
聚會(huì)進(jìn)行得很順利。
The power has gone off.電力中斷了。
（3）go on 繼續(xù)；發(fā)生
He went on with the work.他繼續(xù)工作。
He went on writing.他繼續(xù)寫。
How’s the work going on?
工作進(jìn)行得怎么樣？
What’s going on?發(fā)生什么事了？
（4）go up 上升；上漲；爆炸；焚毀； 攀登
The temperature is going up.溫度上升。
go up in flames 燃燒起來(lái)；毀于大火
She went up the ladder.她登上扶梯。
2.turn out
例句集錦
The night turned out cold and rainy.
那個(gè)晚上結(jié)果是寒冷且下雨。
How did things turn out?事情結(jié)果怎么樣？
The plan turns out well.
那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃結(jié)果很圓滿。
He turned out（to be）a spy.
他竟然是一名間諜。
It turns out that she has never been married.
結(jié)果是她根本沒(méi)結(jié)過(guò)婚。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）turn in 上交；歸還
He has turned in his homework.
他已交上了家庭作業(yè)。
You must turn in the key when you leave the hotel.
你離開(kāi)旅館時(shí)一定要?dú)w還鑰匙。
（2）turn down 折疊；扭��；放低；拒絕
He turned down the corner of the page to show where he had gone to.
他把那一頁(yè)折個(gè)角，以示讀到什么地方。
Please turn down the radio.
請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)的音量關(guān)小。
They turned down his application for the job.
他們拒絕了他的求職申請(qǐng)。
（3）turn up將……開(kāi)大；出現(xiàn)
Please turn up the radio a bit.
請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)的音量開(kāi)大一點(diǎn)。
He turned up at the last moment.
他在最后一刻才出現(xiàn)。
3.for once
例句集錦
I wish for once in my life to visit Paris.
我盼望一生中至少有一次去訪問(wèn)巴黎。
For once,he was late for class again.
這一次，他又遲到了。
For once,Mr Brown was asking for support.
只有這一次，布朗先生開(kāi)口求人了。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）for this/that once只這/那一次，就這/那一回
I’ll forgive you for this once.我只原諒你這一次。
（2）at once 馬上；立刻；同時(shí)
Tell her to come at once.叫她馬上來(lái)。
I can’t do two things at once.我不能同時(shí)做兩件事。
（3）all at once 突然，忽然；同時(shí)；一同
All at once the door opened.門突然開(kāi)了。
They spoke all at once.他們同時(shí)說(shuō)話。
4.look up to ...尊敬；尊重；崇敬；贊頌；贊賞
例句集錦
They all looked up to her.他們都尊敬她。
We all look up to him as our leader.我們都尊他為我們的領(lǐng)袖。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）look down on/upon 往下看；輕視，瞧不起
You may be able to look down upon the woods you have just passed through.
也許你能夠俯瞰你剛剛經(jīng)過(guò)的樹(shù)林。
Don’t look down upon this kind of work.
別瞧不起這種工作。
They used to be looked down on.
他們以往一向是被人瞧不起的。
（2）look forward to 期待，盼望
I’m looking forward to her arrival.
我正在期待她的來(lái)臨。
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
我盼望見(jiàn)到你。
（3）look out for 當(dāng)心，留意；尋找
We must look out for snakes.我們必須當(dāng)心蛇。
She looked out for him in the park.
她在公園里找他。
●必背句型
1.There is no point in doing sth.
表示“做某事沒(méi)有作用或沒(méi)有意義”。
教材原句
There didn’t seem much point in working on my PhD.I did not expect to survive that long.
取得博士學(xué)位對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有什么意義，我也沒(méi)有期望活那么久。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）There seems to be no point in arguing further.
繼續(xù)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)下去似乎沒(méi)有什么意義。
（2）There is very little point in cheating in the exam.
考試作弊沒(méi)有什么用處。
（3）There’s no point in arguing with him.
跟他爭(zhēng)辯沒(méi)有用處。
2.nor以及only 引起主謂倒裝
教材原句
（1）Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.
他也不讓疾病阻止他過(guò)一下夢(mèng)想的生活。
（2）Everyone has his or her special skills and interests,and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.
每個(gè)人都有自己的專長(zhǎng)和興趣，只有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的專長(zhǎng)，我們才能期望達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)，真正與眾不同。
特別提示
nor作否定副詞且位于句首時(shí)，才能引起主謂倒裝；only只有在位于句首且修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，才能引起主謂倒裝。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）Li Fen can’t skate,nor can my sister.
李芬不會(huì)滑冰，我妹妹也不會(huì)。
（2）（2004年重慶,34） I failed in the final examination last term and only then did I realize the importance of studies.
上學(xué)期期終考試我沒(méi)有及格，只有那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。
（3）Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有這樣，我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
（4）Only when he arrived did we feel calm.
只有他來(lái)了，我們才能安心。
疑難突破
1.injure,hurt,wound,damage,harm
五個(gè)都有“傷害”“受傷”“損傷”之意。injure指意外傷害（人或動(dòng)物的身體、健康、外表、感情、名聲等）；hurt指肉體上的傷害或精神上比較輕微的損傷；wound 尤指以武器或兇器等造成外傷；damage 多指損害非生物的價(jià)值或功能；harm 尤指給予重大的損傷或劇烈的痛苦。
應(yīng)用
（1）He ______ my hand by twisting it.
（2）The shell ______ him in the head.
（3）In the railroad accident 300 people were ______.
（4）I was rather ______ by what they said about me.
（5）The storm ______ hundreds of houses.
（6）The news ______ her reputation.
答案：（1）hurt （2）wounded （3）injured （4）hurt （5）damaged （6）harmed
2.use up，give out,run out,run out of
這四個(gè)短語(yǔ)都有“用完，用光，耗盡，用盡”之意，但用法不同。use up 為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)；give out 為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，除指“（貯存物、供應(yīng)品）耗盡”外，還可指“（耐心、力氣等）耗盡”。run out 同give out。而run out of 為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，常以人作主語(yǔ)，意為“耗盡，用光（貯存物、供應(yīng)品等）”。
應(yīng)用
（1）Our money is ______.
（2）I have almost ______ my money.
（3）My money has almost ______.
（4）The soldiers had ______ all their supplies.
（5）His patience ______.
答案：（1）running out/giving out （2）run out of/used up （3）run out/given out （4）used up/ran out of （5）gave out/ran out
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年福建，27）The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ______ the film stars had left.
A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told
剖析：only 加不定式表結(jié)果，而這種結(jié)果常與主觀愿望相差很遠(yuǎn)，to be told 是不定式的被動(dòng)式。
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年上海，33）The bird flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused
剖析：根據(jù)flu 和介詞by 可知應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以排除A和D項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)is believed,可知C為最佳選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)椋瑂th. is believed/considered/thought to be/as sth.是英語(yǔ)中的一種常見(jiàn)句式。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年全國(guó),28）Sarah,hurry up.I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party.
A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
剖析：“get+過(guò)去分詞”是常見(jiàn)的一種表達(dá)方式。又如：get drunk 喝醉；get hurt 受傷；get paid 領(lǐng)工資。get changed這里的意思是“換衣服”。在特定的情景中把握詞匯的特定意義（情景意義）是高考的考查重點(diǎn)之一。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年上海,35）The disc,digitally ______ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded
剖析：根據(jù)disc 和record 之間的邏輯關(guān)系，可知應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，所以排除B和D項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)不定式表示將來(lái)，排除C,所以應(yīng)該選A，表示disc 和record之間是被動(dòng)完成的關(guān)系。
答案：A