Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands
一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
In this unit, we’ll learn how to tell what you’re supposed to do. Such topic is very useful and practical. All of us can learn something about the customs of different countries from this unit.
Target:
Tell what people are supposed to do.
Know the customs of different countries.
Key words:
kiss bow chopstick fork spoon
napkin greet rude wipe point
pick
Phrases
be supposed to do 被期望做，應(yīng)該 shake hands 握手
for the first time 第一次 table manners 餐桌禮儀
drop by 偶然拜訪，順便拜訪 after all 畢竟，終究
be on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) (in) the wrong way 以錯(cuò)誤的方式
be relaxed about 對(duì)……比較隨意 a bit 一點(diǎn)
make plan to do… 計(jì)劃做 point at 指著，指向
leave for 動(dòng)身去… stick…into… 把…戳入，插入
go out one’s way to do 特意做，想盡辦法做 pick up 撿起，拾起
be/get used to sth/doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事 cut up 切碎
make sb feel at home 使某人感覺(jué)像在家一樣 be full 吃飽
Sentences structure
What are you supposed to do when you meet for the first time?
You’re supposed to shake hands.
It’s rude to stick your chopsticks into your rice.
It’s polite to bow when you meet for the first time.
What are you supposed to do…?
You’re supposed to …
It’s rude to…
When were you supposed to arrive?
I was supposed to arrive at 7:00, but I arrived at 8:00.
You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
Language point:
1. be ( not ) supposed to do sth
suppose v. “認(rèn)定；假定”的意思，這里用的是被動(dòng)形式，表示：
被 (不被)期望 /（不）應(yīng)該做某事
強(qiáng)調(diào)禮儀中該做與不該做的，意思可以相當(dāng)于should
① You’re supposed to kiss. = You should kiss.
② You are not supposed to smoke here. = You shouldn’t smoke here.
③ It is supposed to be very hot there.
據(jù)說(shuō)，大家認(rèn)為那兒很熱。
復(fù)習(xí)be allowed to do sth 被允許做…
2. It’s rude/ polite to do sth 做某事是有禮貌的/不禮貌的
這個(gè)句式和以前接觸過(guò)的句式類似，形式主語(yǔ)是it，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)。
It’s rude to point at anyone with your chopsticks.
It’s polite to say hello to your parents when you leave for school.
3. …but I made some mistakes
make a mistake / make some mistakes
4. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear
should have done…這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種表達(dá)方式，虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示所說(shuō)的話只是一種主觀的愿望、假想、建議等。
5. Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
* Where I’m from中where是副詞，此處用法沒(méi)有先行詞，“在，于，或至……的地方”
Where there’s no rain, farming is difficult.
where經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)以 place為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句
* relaxed松弛的，通常用來(lái)修飾人; relaxing則修飾物
The trip was relaxing, so he felt relaxed.
6. It’s Okay if you arrive a bit late.
a bit, rather, kind of, 有點(diǎn)，相當(dāng)
She’s feeling a bit tired.
7. Spending time with family and friends is very important us.
* spending是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。
Reading books is a good way to learn English.
* Sth is important to sb. 某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的。
to作介詞，意為“對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)”
8. We often just drop by our friends’ house.
drop by/in/over 偶然拜訪
Some friends dropped by to see me yesterday.
9. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of my friends as we can.
* walk around, around是介詞，四處，遍及的意思。
look around 四處看看
go around 四處逛
show sb around 帶某人參觀
follow sb around 四處跟著某人
get around 觀光，游覽
* as…as, 中間用形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)
He is as tall as he used to be.
Please come here as quickly as possible.
當(dāng)as…as用于否定句中時(shí)，還可以用so…as
10. In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time.
it用作形式主語(yǔ)，代替了真正的主語(yǔ)to be 這一不定式，不定式可以作主語(yǔ)，但往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)來(lái)代替。
To help others is good when they are in trouble.
It’s good to help others when they are in trouble.
11. We are the land of watches, after all.
after all 畢竟，終究
He succeeded after all.
12. Also, we never visit friend’s house without calling first.
without 是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，是“沒(méi)有”之意，與with是反義詞
Can you do it without any help?
He left without saying goodbye.
13. We usually make plans to see friends.
make a plan / plans to do 計(jì)劃做…
We made a plan to go hiking yesterday.
We have made plans for the holidays.
plan還可以作為動(dòng)詞來(lái)用，如計(jì)劃做某事，可以用plan to do sth / plan on doing sth
We’re planning to visit Tibet this summer.
Don’t plan on visiting Beijing in winter, because it’s too windy and cold.
14. Point at anyone with your chopsticks. 用筷子指著別人。
point…at…瞄準(zhǔn)，對(duì)著
He is pointing his finger at me.
point…to…指向
The hour hand pointed to twelve.
15. They go out of their way to make me at home.
go out of one’s way to do sth 特意（花時(shí)間，心血）做某事，故意做某事
He went out his way to help me.
make sb be/feel at home使某人感覺(jué)像在家一樣
make sb adj /do
Her smile made me feel at home.
16. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to.
盡管我經(jīng)常犯一些錯(cuò)，但它不像過(guò)去那樣困擾我了。
make lots of mistakes 犯許多錯(cuò)
bother 打擾，煩擾
Don’t bother your father, he is working.
used to do 過(guò)去常常，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在不那樣了
Life isn’t so easy here like it used to be.
17. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it.
be used to sth/doing sth 習(xí)慣于，適應(yīng)于
I’m not used to speaking like that.
This machine is used to clean the windows.
This machine is used for cleaning the windows.
18. You’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands expect bread, not even fruit!
expect除……之外,但不包括在內(nèi)，介詞
I get up early expect Sunday.
besides 除…之外，還有…
Nobody was late except me.
Five others are late besides me.
19. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t find them so strange any more.
find it difficult to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很難
it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式to do sth
He finds it difficult to stop smoking.
get used to sth/doing = be used to sth/doing
20. make an appointment/appointments with sb 與某人約會(huì)
21. Questions crowded my head. 問(wèn)題充滿了我的大腦。
crowd 動(dòng)詞，擠滿，使……充滿
Shoppers crowded the street.
crowded 形容詞，擁擠的 a crowded street
22. Was I supposed to start at the outside and work in or the inside and work out?
我是應(yīng)該先從外面開(kāi)始依次向里用，還是從里面開(kāi)始依次向外用？
Reading
23. And can you also write e-mail English? Maybe not.
你也會(huì)寫(xiě)e-mail English嗎？也許不。
Maybe not = Maybe you can not.
Maybe yes 也許是，也許可以，也許能。
24. E-mail English is a new kind of written English that is being used to save time.
that is being used to save time是定語(yǔ)從句，做written English的定語(yǔ)
is being used是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式
E-mail English是用來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間的一種新的書(shū)面英語(yǔ)。
25. A lot of e-mail English words might look unfamiliar to us…
大量的e-mail English 可能對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)看起來(lái)很熟悉。
be familiar/unfamiliar to sb 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)（不）熟悉
This name is so familiar to me.
look familiar/unfamiliar to sb 看起來(lái)對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)（不）熟悉
26. This is because they come from a computer program called ICQ, which means I seek you.
這是因?yàn)樗鼇?lái)自于一種被叫做ICQ的電腦程序，意思是I seek you.
because they…引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句
called ICQ called過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)后置，修飾program
which means 是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，代詞which代表ICQ
27. ICQ is an e-mail “chatline” that people use to have online conversation with friends.
that people use to…是定語(yǔ)從句，做定語(yǔ)修飾chatline
ICQ是人們用來(lái)和朋友聊天的網(wǎng)上交流服務(wù)。
28. It’s created by combining letters and symbols, or numbers, to sound like other words.
它是通過(guò)字母，符號(hào)或數(shù)字的組合創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的，而聽(tīng)起來(lái)卻像其他的詞。
29. You are also supposed to use them to show the emotion you are feeling.
you are feeling是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾emotion
你也可以用它們來(lái)表現(xiàn)你的感受。
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：60分鐘）
一、請(qǐng)你用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。
1. You are ______ (suppose) to shake hands when you meet a Chinese friend.
2. Keep your eyes ______(close) when you are doing eye exercises.
3. A knife is _____ (use) for _______(cut) things.
4. Trees can keep water from _______ (run) away.
5. Do you still remember______(see) me somewhere in Beijing ?
6. Everything was ______( familiar ) with me because I was in Japan for the first time?
7. Though you failed this time, don’t give up______ (study) .You still have a lot of chances.
8. ________ ( spend ) time with family and friends is very important.
9. Remember ________(turn off) the light when you leave the room.
10. People are pretty _______( relax ) about time in Colombia.
二、運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，完成下列句子。
A. make noise while eating
B. point at others with chopstick
C. say hello to others
D. wipe your mouth after dinner
E. talk loudly at the table
F. kiss or shake hands
G. meet without saying anything
H. arrive too late
I. shake hands when you first meet someone
J. eat while walking in the street
1. It’s rude to ______________________________________________________________.
2. It’s polite to _____________________________________________________________.
三、選擇正確答案。
( ) 1. - Will you come to the dinner party?
- I will not come until Jenny __________.
A. will be invited B. can be invited
C. invited D. is invited
( ) 2. John _______ Beijing the day before yesterday.
A. arrived at B. arrived C. reached to D. arrived in
( ) 3.In Switzerland, people ________ visit a friend’s house.
A. make plans B. make plans to
C. makes plans to D. make a plan
( ) 4. It’s too hot. Do you mind ______ the window?
A. my closing B. my opening C. open D. close
( ) 5.She ______Shanghai next week.
A. is leaving for B. leaves for C. leaved D. left
( ) 6.What are you nervous _____, Mary?
A. in B. at C. on D. about
( ) 7.We go to school every day _____ Saturday and Sunday.
A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for
( ) 8.Yang Liwei is proud ____ his motherland.
A. in B. of C. from D. for
( ) 9. I find ________ difficult to remember everything, though I’m still young.
A. that B. this C. it D. what
( )10.He _____ in his English Test Paper. His teacher was very angry with him.
A. makes some mistakes B. make a mistake
C. made few mistakes D. made many mistakes
四、選擇填空
When you wave to a friend, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you mean to be _1_ when you put one finger in front of your _2_, you mean, “Be quiet.”
Yet, people in different countries may use different sign language. Once an Englishman was in Italy. He could _3_ a little Italian. One day while he was walking in the street, he felt 4 and went into a restaurant. When the waiter came, the Englishman 5 his mouth, put his fingers into it and took them out again and moved his lips. In this way, he 6 to say, “Bring me something to eat.” But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7 , first tea, then coffee, then milk, but no food. The Englishman was sorry that he was not able to tell the waiter he was hungry. He was 8 to leave the restaurant when another man came in and put his hands on his stomach. And this sign was 9 enough for the waiter. In a few minutes, the waiter brought him a large plate of bread and meat. 10 the Englishman had his meal in the same way.
1. A. well B. friendly C. fine D. careful
2. A. eyes B. legs C. mouth D. head
3. A. write B. read C. say D. speak
4. A. hungry B. tired C. cold D. ill
5. A. pointed to B. reached for C. touched D. opened
6. A. needed B. meant C. decided D. had
7. A. eat B. watch C. drink D. read
8. A. ready B. sure C. again D. afraid
9. A. quick B. big C. strong D. clear
10. A. At once B. At last C. At first D. At times
五、閱讀理解
(A)
Dinner customs (習(xí)慣) are different around the world. If you are a guest in Ghana(加納), this information will help you a lot.
In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules (規(guī)則) about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dinning room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.
In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else .But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.
Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw(鋸子) because it is very hard. You must chew(咀嚼) fufu well, or you may get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only.
( ) 1.From the passage we know that in Ghana ______________.
A. the rules for dinner time are not strict
B. dinner is always at six in the evening
C. a family offers food only at four in the afternoon
D. people usually invite their guests to dinner late in the evening
( ) 2.If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, the host (主人) always takes you to _______.
A. the dining room first B. the living room first
C. the kitchen first D. the garden first
( ) 3.People in Ghana usually eat ________.
A. from one side of a dish to the other
B. from the other side of the dish
C. with their fingers
D. with their spoons
( ) 4.In fact, most dishes in Ghana _______.
A. are cooked with the powder of some plants
B. have fufu in them
C. are too hard to eat
D. are not very hard
( ) 5.When you eat fufu, you’d better _________.
A. cut it with a saw B. use your right hand only
C. chew it well D. all of the above
(B)
In western countries, especially in America, some social customs have lasted still today. For example, ladies first, that is to say, women in those countries are respected in many ways.
In the U.S. and Europe, you will see men usually open doors for women and women generally walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant unless the man have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or to give other services. On the street, men almost walk or across the street on the side of the ladies which is closer to traffic, but if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them.
( ) 1. In this passage “customs” refers to _______.
A. what a group of people usually do
B. what people in western countries do
C. what people in eastern countries do
D. what people in United States do
( ) 2. When you address a group of people in English, you will probably begin with _______.
A. men and women B. women and men
C. gentlemen and ladies D. ladies and gentlemen
( ) 3. In which country people may think it strange that men should open doors for women?
A. England. B. Italy. C. Japan. D. Germany.
( ) 4. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. In Europe, a man generally follows a woman when they enter a restaurant together.
B. In America a man who walks ahead of a women always gives services.
C. In the U.S., women almost always walk closer to the running cars.
D. In the U.S. men should always walk by the side of the ladies.
( ) 5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of this passage?
A. In western countries, some social customs have lasted till today.
B. Women in western countries are respected in many ways.
C. Men usually open doors for women in the U.S. as well as in Europe.
D. Men show respect for women by giving them good services.
六、書(shū)面表達(dá)
假設(shè)你是小明，將有一名美國(guó)的中學(xué)生Tom來(lái)你家做客，并住上兩天，請(qǐng)你向這位首次來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)的外國(guó)客人介紹一些中國(guó)的日常禮儀。（如：見(jiàn)面禮，餐桌禮儀等等。）
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
參考句型：
We are supposed to…/ We are not supposed to
We should / shouldn’t…
It’s polite/ rude to…
We are allowed to…/ We aren’t allowed to…
We can/ could/ can’t/ couldn’t…
【試題答案】
一、1. supposed 2. closed 3. used, cutting 4. running 5. seeing
6. unfamiliar 7. studying 8. Spending 9. to turn off 10. relaxed
二、1. A B E G H J 2. C D F I
三、1-5 DDBBA 6-10 DCBCD
四、1-5 BCDAD 6-10 BCADB
五、A: ABCDD B: ADCCB
六、Answers will vary.