1 mark v/n
v． 留下痕跡，做記號，標志，打分，弄污；使有斑點
He marked the floor with chalk. 他用粉筆在地板上作記號。
She marked her white dress when she sat on the grass.
當她坐在草地上時，把白衣服弄臟了。
The meeting marks a new period in relations between the two party. 這次會議標志著兩黨關(guān)系進入了一個新時期。
The teacher marked all the papers.老師把所有的試卷都評了分。
n. 痕跡，記號，符號，分數(shù)
I wonder who made these dirty marks on my new book.
我不知道是誰弄臟了我的新書。
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story.
老師給了我的故事以好的評分。
These red marks show the route.這些紅色的符號表示行進路線。
2 dress v/n
v． 給……穿衣服，穿衣，裝飾，布置
She is too young to dress herself. 她太小了，不會自己穿衣服。
He is dressing a Christmas tree. 他正在裝飾圣誕樹。
dress up 穿上盛裝，喬裝打扮
She likes to dress up for a party.
她喜歡打扮得漂漂亮亮的去參加晚會。
be dressed in 穿著
The bride was dressed in white. 新娘穿著一身白色的禮服。
n. 衣服；服裝；外衣；禮服；連衣裙；女服
He was wearing a special dress for the ceremony.
他穿了身特別的衣服來參加典禮。
3 origin n. 起源, 由來, 開端, 出身
There are several sayings about the origins of life on earth.
關(guān)于地球上生命的起源有好幾種說法。
original adj. 原始的，最初的，原先的，最早的
Who was the original owner of this house?
誰是這座房子最早的主人？
originate v. 引起, 發(fā)明, 發(fā)起, 創(chuàng)辦
originate in sth originate from/with sb 起自某事物/某人
The optic theory originated with Einstein.
光學(xué)理論是愛因斯坦首創(chuàng)的。
The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two families.
這次爭吵是兩家不合引起的。
4 crowd v/n
v. 擁擠；擠；擠滿
Shoppers crowded into the store. 買東西的人擁入商店。
Shoppers crowded the street. 買東西的人擠滿大街。
n. 群眾；人群; 一群人；百姓;一堆
There were crowds of people at the theatre. 劇院里擠滿了人。
He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群中往前擠。
be crowed with 充滿，擠滿
The narrow streets are crowded with college students.
狹窄的街道擠滿了大學(xué)生。
5 fun n.(U) 享樂，快樂，娛樂，樂趣
There's no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards.
整個晚上打撲克牌沒有意思。
We have lots of fun at the fair today.
我們今天在游樂場上玩得很高興。
make fun of sb. 同某人開玩笑，取笑某人
It’s bad manners to make fun of the disabled.
取笑殘疾人是不禮貌的。
for fun=in fun 開玩笑地，非認真地
I did it just for fun. 我做這件事只為好玩。
funny adj. 好玩的，好笑的，滑稽的，毫無根據(jù)的
That is the funniest thing that I have ever heard.
這是我聽到的最滑稽的一件事。
6 extend v. 擴充, 延伸, 伸展, 擴大 給予, 提供
The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.
校長把我們的假期延長了四天。
He extended his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God. 他向前伸出雙臂,好象在向上帝禱告求助。
extend sth to sb=extend sb sth 提供或給予某物
They extended a warm welcome to the Queen.
他們向女王表示熱烈歡迎。
extension n. 延長, 擴充, 范圍, （電話）分機
extensive adj. 廣大的, 廣闊的, 廣泛的
7 on end 直立，豎著，連續(xù)地，不斷地
It has been snowing for a week on end. 雪已連續(xù)下了一周了。
He placed the box on end and sat on it.
他把箱子豎起來，坐在上面。
8 pretend vt. 假裝, 裝扮, (作為藉口或理由)偽稱
pretend to do/be 假裝做/是……
pretend to be doing 假裝正在做……
pretend to have done 假裝做完……
He pretended not to know the facts. 他假裝不知實情。
He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered. 老板進來時他假裝在看一份重要的文件。
He pretended to have finished his homework.
他假裝完成了他的家庭作業(yè)。
He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
他假裝病了以便能待在家里。
He pretended illness as an excuse. 他佯稱有病以為借口。
9 in secret= =secretly 秘密地
The girl prepared a gift for her mother in secret.
小女孩偷偷地給媽媽準備了一件禮物。
相關(guān)短語：in peace 和平地，平安地 in silence 默不做聲地
in surprise 驚奇地 in public 公開地，當眾地
They finished their work in silence.
他們默不做聲地完成了工作。
10 ban v/n
v. 明令禁止，取締
Smoking is banned in school. 在學(xué)校禁止吸煙。
ban sb from sth /doing sth 禁止某人做某事
He was banned from driving for six mouths because of driving drunk. 他因酒后駕車而被禁止駕駛6個月。
n. 禁令（和介詞on搭配，表示對……禁止）
There is a ban on smoking. 有一個禁煙令。
11 up to 長達（某數(shù)量，程度等），直到，能勝任，正在干
He is not up to his job. 他不能勝任他的工作。
The room can hold up to 50 people. 這個房間能容納50人。
Up to now, he has visited 30 universities.
至今為止，他已經(jīng)訪問過30所大學(xué)。
12 revive v. (使)蘇醒, (使)復(fù)興, (使)復(fù)活, (使)再生效, 回想
The fresh air soon revived him. 新鮮空氣很快使他蘇醒過來。
The local government is intended to revive the quaint customs.
當?shù)卣庠诨謴?fù)這一獨特的風(fēng)俗。
revival n. 進步，復(fù)蘇，復(fù)興，再流行
13 consist of 由……組成（不用于進行時態(tài)）
This club consists of more than 300 members.
這個俱樂部由300位以上會員組成。
14 consist in 存在于…… ；在于（不用于進行時態(tài)）
The beauty of the city consist in its fascinating beach.
這座城市的美在于它迷人的海濱。
語法━被動語態(tài)
動詞的語態(tài)表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。
1 被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： be+及物動詞的過去分詞
（be本身無詞義，但有時態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)的變化）
2 常用句式:
肯定句式：主語+be+過去分詞+by…
否定句式：主語+be+not+過去分詞+by…
一般疑問式：be+主語+過去分詞+by…
特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞（不作主語）+be+主語+過去分詞+by…
特殊疑問詞（作主語）+be+過去分詞+by…
3 使用被動語態(tài)時的注意事項
（1）及物動詞能構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞不能構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。
Such book are written for children.(write為及物動詞)
Children sleep soundly.(sleep為不及物動詞)
注意：
① 有些及物動詞或及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)（多表示靜態(tài)）常見的有：have, cost, lack, last, own, belong to, agree with, consist of等。
② 有些動詞形式上是主動語態(tài)，但含有被動的意義。常見的有可和well, easily等副詞聯(lián)用的動詞如：wash, write, read, clean, cook等，當它們用作不及物動詞來描述朱育的特征時，常用主動形式表達被動意義。
This book sells well. 這本書暢銷。
This kind of cloth washes very well. 這種布非常耐洗。
This apple tastes good. 這個蘋果嘗起來不錯。
（2）帶有情態(tài)動詞的一般被動語態(tài)是：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞
The question needn’t be discussed. 這個問題不必討論。
（3）帶有不定式的一般被動語態(tài)是：to be +過去分詞
A new hotel is going to be built near the station.
車站附近將要建一所新旅館。
（4）短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不可丟掉其后的介詞或副詞
He was often made fun of by his classmates.
4 it is said that+從句
一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”意義的動詞，如：believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型
it is +be+過去分詞+that 或 主語+be+過去分詞+to do sth
it is said that…據(jù)說 it is reported that…據(jù)報道
it is believed that…人們相信 it is well known that…眾所周知
例如：It is said that the boy has passed the final exam. =
The boy is said that to have passed the final exam.
單元自測題
1 With more forests being destroyed; huge quantities of good earth each year.
A is washing away B is being washed away
C are washing away D are being washed away
2 -Why did you leave that position?
-I a better position at IBM.
A offer B offered C am offered D was offered
3 -Have you moved into the new house?
-Not yet, the rooms .
A are being painted B are painting
C are painted D are being painting
4 In the spring sun, local residents Chengdu botanical Garden where the Spring-Greeting Flower Show is on.
A are to attract to B are to be attracted to
C are attracted to D are attracting to
5 Those books which often well.
A are well received; are sold B are well received; sell
C well receive; sell D were received; sell
6 No one likes .
A to make fun of B to have fun of
C to be made fun D to be made fun of
7 He has found to understand.
A they really hard B them really hard
C they real hard D they were really hard
8 They prepared for the meeting for a long time, and soon it .
A happened B occurred C took place D was taken place
9 In order to go to the palace ball, the pretty girl herself
.
A dresses; up B be dressed; in C dressed; up D dress; up
10 What it is to have a walk after a day of hard work.
A fun B a fun C funs D finny
11 I promise that the matter will .
A be taken care B be taken care of
C take care D take care of
12 You can see the house for years.
A isn’t painted B hasn’t painted
C hasn’t been painted D hadn’t painted
13 Grant changes in the city, and a lot of factories .
A have been taken place, have been set up
B have taken place, have set up
C have taken place, have been set up
D were taken place, were set up
14 -“Why does Lingling look so unhappy?”
-“She has by her classmates.”
A laughed B laughed at C been laughed D been laughed at
15 How sweet the music !
A is sounded B sound C was sounded D sounds
16 Twenty miles in a single night.
A cover B is covered C was covered D were covered
17 When a student has answered one question correctly, he or she a tougher one.
A immediately gives B give immediately
C is immediately given D are immediately given
18 The police found that the house and a lot of things .
A has broken into; has been stolen
B had broken into; had been stolen
C has been broken into; stolen
D had been broken into; stolen
19 My uncle, Sam, manager of the firm.
A has just been made B is just made C made D has made
20 Millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A has been caused B has been caused
C will be caused D will have been caused
21 Only after my friend came .
A did the computer repair B he repaired the computer
C was the computer repaired D the computer repaired
22 According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.
A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting
23 All the employees except the manager to work online at home.
A encourages B encourage C is encouraged D are encouraged
24 -The window is dirty.
-I know. It for weeks.
A hasn’t cleaned B didn’t clean
C wasn’t cleaned D hasn’t been cleaned
25 The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the
Beijing Olympics by 2006.
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
26 More patients in hospital this year than last year.
A treated B have treated
C had been treated D have been treated
27 The Anti-Japanese War in 1937 and it eight year.
A broke out; lasted B break out; lasts
C broke out; was last D was broken out; lasted
28 Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system,
photographically in March 1930.
A discovered B was discovered
C by discovery D when discovered
29 Upon your graduation from school, how well will you for
the job that lies ahead?
A prepare B prepared C be prepared D are prepared
30 Experiments in the photography of moving objects in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
A have been conducting B were conducting
C had been conducted D being conducted
31 Gregory told Mary that he what he was doing during the vacation.
A had just been asked B had just asked
C was just asked D just asked
32 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets .
A was booked B had been booked
C were booked D have been booked
33 I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.
A is to blame B is going to blame
C is to be blamed D should blame
34 While shopping, people sometimes can’t help into buying something they don’t really need.
A to persuaded B persuading
C being persuaded D be persuaded
35 If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at dinner.
A are not kept; will have to B are not kept; have
C do not keep; will have to D do not keep; have to
36 Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it easily.
A won’t wash out B won’t be washed out
C isn’t washed out D isn’t washing out
37 This page needed again.
A being checked B checked C to check D to be checked
38 many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises.
A Having taught B Having been taught C Taught D teaching
39 The rice if you had been more careful.
A would not be burning B would not burn
C would not have been burnt D would not burnt
40 The river smells terrible. People must dirty things into it.
A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing
C stop to throw D stop from throwing
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1 Did you have a good time in the countryside?
Did you in the countryside?
2 It’s 1,000 years since the tower was built.
The tower 1,000 years ago.
3 What are you doing now?
What are you now?
4 They put an end to the discussion soon afterwards.
The discussion soon afterwards.
5 They decided not to deal with the matter in public.
They decided to deal with the matter .
6 I have almost finished my task.
I have finished my task.
7 I prefer to swim rather than ride a bicycle.
I swimming riding a bicycle.
8 My new dress is almost the same as yours.
My new dress is yours.
9 We don’t think the book is of any importance.
We the book.
10 The machine is made up of more than 1,000 parts.
The machine more than 1,000 parts.
11 We had an excellent time at mike’s birthday party.
We very much at mike’s birthday party.
12 You shouldn’t force your husband to do everything for you.
Your husband shouldn’t
everything for you.
13 Fifty states make up the United States of America.
The United States of America fifty states.
14 More than 1,000 people came to celebrate our victory.
More than 1,000 people our victory .
15 You needn’t help us at present.
for you to help us at present.
16 The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere.
The sounds and sights
but the excitement is the same everywhere.
17 Carnival comes from two Latin words, meaning “no more meat”.
Carnival from two Latin words,
“no more meat”.
18 Many crimes went unpunished.
Many crimes .
19 Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.
Their use was limited by laws, the first of which
the fourteenth century.
20 But you have no idea what the faces behind them look like.
But you what the faces behind them look like.
21 When he slave trade was stopped in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.
When he slave trade was in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival.
22 Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands were caused to exist.
Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands were .
23 Shops can make about 60 percent of their year’s income in the three months before Christmas.
Shops can about 60 percent of their year’s in the three months before Christmas.
24 The beautiful green trees, which were decorated with lights and colored glass balls give people hope that spring will come again.
The beautiful green trees, lights and colored glass balls give people hope that spring will come again.
25 It took us six months to get ready.
We six months ready.
26 Some people said they felt frightened by the large crowds and the noise.
Some people said they the large crowds and the noise.
27 We were worried that carnival would be banned.
We that carnival would be .
參考答案
單項選擇
1-5 DDACB 6-10 DBCCA
11-15 BCCDD 16-20 CCDAA
21-25 CADDC 26-30 DABCC
31-35 ABACA 36-40 ADBCB
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1 enjoy yourself 2 date back to
3 up to 4 come to an end
5 in secret 6 more or less
7 prefer , to 8 similar to
9 think nothing of 10 consist of
11 enjoy ourselves 12 be forced to do
13 is made up of 14 attend, celebration
15 There is no need
16 are different in different countries
17 is, which means 18 were not punished
19 dates from 20 don’t know
21 abolished 22 created
23 earn, money
24 decorated with
25 spent, getting 26 were afraid of
27 worried, stopped