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      2. 語法教案:非謂語動詞

        發(fā)布時間:2017-11-21 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

        分類說明

        非謂語動詞包括三種形式:動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式及動詞的過去分詞。所謂非渭語動詞,它雖不具有動詞的性質(zhì),即在句子中充當(dāng)謂語,但仍然具有動詞的特征,即可帶有本身賓語或狀語構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語,在句子中作除謂語以外的任何成分。

        在非謂語動詞的復(fù)習(xí)中須注意:

        1,非謂語動詞的否定式

        不定式的否定式是在不定式to前加not,如:not to go there;動詞-ing形式及過去分詞的否定式是在動詞-ing形式及過去分詞之前加not,如:not knowing about it,not having got it。not informed。

        2.非謂語動詞的邏輯主語

        動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式作主語時,可以沒有自己的主語,也可帶有自己的主語。動詞不定式的主語一般用介詞for/of接代詞的賓格或名詞,成為It’s +adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.形式;動詞的-ing形式的主語一般用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格。

        動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式作賓語時,它們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。但

        動詞的-ing形式可以有自己的邏輯主語,其形式一般為代詞的賓格、名詞的普通格名詞的所有格。

        動詞不定式、動詞的.ing形式及動詞的過去分詞作狀語時,它們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。當(dāng)非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語發(fā)出的時,用主動形式;當(dāng)非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語所承受的時,用過去分詞、不定式或動詞的-ing形式的被動形式;當(dāng)動詞不定式、動詞的.ing形式或過去分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時,前面可用代詞的主格或名詞的普通格作邏輯主語,從而形成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

        動詞不定式、動詞的.ing形式及動詞的過去分詞作狀語時,有的已經(jīng)從非謂語動詞中游離出來而成為固定的短語,從而沒有自己的邏輯主語,如:judging by/from,provided/providing,given,to be true,tell you the truth,let alone…

        3.非謂語動詞的時態(tài)

        動詞不定式一般表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之后的事情,若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情,須用不定式的完成式;動詞的-ing形式一般表與謂語動詞動作同時進行的動作,若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情,須用動詞的-ing形式的完成式。

        4.非謂語動詞的應(yīng)用

        (1)作主語:動詞不定式作主語表示特定的、一次性的事情;動詞的-ing形式作主語表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性或職業(yè)性的事情。

        (2)作賓語:熟悉并掌握哪些動詞接不定式作賓語;哪些動詞或短語接動詞的-ing形式作賓語;哪些動詞或短語既可接動詞不定式又可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語。need,want,require接動詞的.ing形式作賓語,表被動意義,相當(dāng)于接不定式的被動形式。

        (3)作表語:動詞不定式表示某一特定的行為,尤其是將來的行為或有待于實現(xiàn)的行為;動詞的-ing形式并不強調(diào)動作,而只說明動作的名稱。

        (4)作賓語補足語:熟悉并掌握哪些動詞或短語接不定式作賓語補足語;哪些動詞或短語接動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語;哪些動詞或短語既可接動詞的-ing形式又可接不定式作賓語補足語;何時用主動形式作賓語補足語,何時用被動形式或過去分詞作賓語補足語。

        (5)作定語:A.注意非謂語動詞的形式:不定式作定語一般用主動式,只有當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時,才用被動式;動詞的一ing形式、過去分詞作定語時,如果動作是所修飾的詞發(fā)出的,就用動詞的.ing形式;如果動作是所修飾的詞承受的,就用過去分詞。B.非謂語動詞的位置:不定式、動詞的.ing形式及過去分詞短語作定語時,都要放在所修飾的詞之后;單個的動詞的.ing形式或過去分詞作定語時,一般放在所修飾的詞之前。

        特別需注意:N.+doing +n./N.+done +n.的區(qū)別:動作由名詞發(fā)出或是名詞的目的或內(nèi)容時用-ing形式,如:an English speaking country,Tree Planting Day;動作是名詞承受的時用過去分詞,如:a horse driven car,mall.made satellites。

        不及物動詞的不定式作定語,與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時,不及物動詞后面的介詞不能丟。

        (6)作狀語:A.注意句子的主語跟非謂語動詞動作的關(guān)系;B.非謂語動詞起相同作用時的區(qū)別,如:不定式、動詞的-ing形式都能表示結(jié)果,但不定式一般表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,不定式前面常用only,never等詞修飾;而動詞的.ing形式表示一種事情發(fā)展的自然或必然的結(jié)果。不定式、動詞的-ing形式都能表示目的,但不定式作目的狀語時,一般位于句首,若位于句末時不能用逗號將它與句子分開;動詞的-ing形式表示目的時.一般位于句尾,并且常用逗號將它與句子分開。

        5.不定式to的省略

        (1)動詞see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at.1isten to.1et,have,make接不定式作賓補時,不定式的to應(yīng)省略,但句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,不定式的to不能省略。

        (2)and,but等連接兩個不定式時,若and,but等前面有do的某種形式時,后面不、定式的to應(yīng)省略。

        (3)不定式作表語時,若主語中有do的某種形式,表謂不定式的to應(yīng)省略。

        回放真題

        真題1(2004甘肅、青海卷25)

        It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss.

        A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned

        【答案及解析】 C根據(jù)非謂語動詞的動作與句子主語的關(guān)系,可排除選項A、B;根據(jù)句子謂語動詞與非謂語動詞所表示的動作先后關(guān)系,答案選c,表被動及完成。

        真題2(2004甘肅、青海卷27)

        Alice returned from the manager’s office,________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.

        A.having told B.tells C.to tell D.telling

        【答案及解析】D根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)排除選項B;根據(jù)句子謂語動詞所表示的動作與非謂語動詞所表示的動作的時間順序,答案選D。

        真題3(2004重慶卷30)

        Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______.

        A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry

        【答案及解析】A get接賓語補足語表賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、身份等。賓語與補足語是被動的主謂關(guān)系,而過去分詞正好表被動意義。get sb worried意思是:讓某人擔(dān)憂。

        真題4(2004廣東卷26)

        ________the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.

        A. Not completing B.Not completed

        C.Not having completed D.Having not completed

        【答案及解析】 C根據(jù)非謂語動詞的否定形式的構(gòu)成,排除選項D;根據(jù)非謂語動詞與句子主語的關(guān)系,排除B;根據(jù)句子的意思,沒有完成計劃的動作應(yīng)發(fā)生在have to stay動作之前,故答案選C。

        真題5(2004福建卷27)

        The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ________the film stars had left.

        A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told

        【答案及解析】 B 根據(jù)句子的意思,記者們趕到機場時發(fā)現(xiàn)意外的結(jié)果.因此,排除C、D;根據(jù)與句子的關(guān)系,不是記者告訴他人,而是人家告訴記者,故答案選B。

        真題6(2004福建卷34)

        Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time ________the exam.

        A.pass B.to pass C.passed D.passing

        【答案及解析】D have a hard time(in)doing sth.意思是:在……方面有困難。

        真題7(2004湖北卷28)

        ________with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11.

        A. Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared

        【答案及解析】D根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),排除選項A;根據(jù)動詞與主句主語的關(guān)系,排除選項B、C;故答案選D。

        真題8(2004遼寧卷25)

        I don t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.

        A. to be heard B.to be heating C.to hear D.to have heard

        【答案及解析】D根據(jù)后半句的內(nèi)容,“我”將去美國學(xué)習(xí),可知前半句是問對方是否已聽說過“我”的事情了。故答案選D,表示在此之前。

        真題9(2004遼寧卷30)

        ________by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

        A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted

        【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)動詞與句子的主語的關(guān)系,女孩被吸引,從而排除選項A、D;再根據(jù)時間關(guān)系,C表示將來的情況,而句子是過去的事實,答案選B。

        真題10(2004浙江卷29)

        Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________as 3M.

        A. knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known

        【答案及解析】 B分詞形式作定語,grow為及物動詞,不帶賓語,故選B。

        真題11(2004浙江卷32)

        I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ________David go.

        A.just watch B.just to watch

        C.just watching D.just having watched

        【答案及解析】A根據(jù)破折號及just的用法,故采用祈使句形式,答案選A。

        真題12(2004江蘇卷25)

        The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him l lived nearby.

        A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding

        【答案及解析】 C insist on doing sth是個固定短語,意為堅持做某事。

        真題13(2004廣西卷22)

        Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.

        A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear

        C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard

        【答案及解析】D短語作狀語表結(jié)果、伴隨、原因等,但若表目的,應(yīng)用動詞不定式。本題意為:為了能讓自己被人聽見,Helen只好大喊。Make oneself done意為:讓自己被……,故D為正確答案。

        真題14(2004廣西卷31)

        Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ________in your mind instead of before your eyes.

        A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed

        【答案及解析】C forming在句中作定語。Forming in your mind=which forms in your mind.

        真題15(2004江蘇卷31)

        The old man,________abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.

        A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked

        【答案及解析】 D現(xiàn)在分詞完成式表主動和完成(到謂語動作發(fā)生時,非謂語的動作已完成)。

        真題16(2004全國[河南、河北、山東、福建]28)

        Sarah.hurry up.I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________before the party.

        A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change

        【答案及解析】A不定式短語作目的狀語,而根據(jù)句子的意思,從句的主語you不是給人家更衣,而是給自己更衣,它是不定式動作的承受者,故答案選A,表示被動語態(tài)。意思是:沒有時間來更衣了。

        真題17(2004四川卷28)

        “We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob,________out of the window.

        A.1ooking B.to look C.looked D.having looked

        【答案及解析】A現(xiàn)在分詞一般式表伴隨,表Bob說話的同時往窗口外望;B表示未發(fā)生的動作;C表示完成;D表示動作發(fā)生在said之前,都不符題意,故答案選A。

        真題18(2004上海卷27)

        According to a recent U.S.survey,children spent up to 25 hours a week ________TV.

        A.to watch B.to watching C.watching D.watch

        【答案及解析】C spend的用法:spend some time/some money in doing sth。

        真題19(2004上海卷33)

        The flu is believed ________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

        A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.be have caused

        【答案及解析】c不定式作補足語時,如果不定式的動作是前面名詞或代詞發(fā)出,用主動形式;若前面名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時,不定式用被動語態(tài)。因此答案選C。

        真題20(2004上海卷34)

        The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

        A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt

        【答案及解析】 B現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,說明被修飾詞目前的性質(zhì),狀態(tài)、動作等。

        真題21(2004上海卷35)

        The disc,digitally _____in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.

        A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded

        【答案及解析】A動詞的-ing表示主動,意思是前面名詞所發(fā)出的動作,說明當(dāng)前的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或動作;過去分詞表被動或完成;不定式表將來;動詞的-ing的完成時指動作發(fā)生在句子動作之前,也表主動。根據(jù)本題意思,正確答案為A,表示被錄制的唱片。

        真題22(2004上海卷42)

        Having been attacked by terrorists,________.

        A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed

        C.a(chǎn)n emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists

        【答案及解析】 B分詞作狀語時,它的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。由前面分詞的語態(tài)可知,句子的主語應(yīng)該是the tall building,因此答案選B。

        真題23(2004上海卷49)

        Some people like dinking coffee,for it has ________effects.

        A.promoting B.stimulating C.enhancing D.encouraging

        【答案及解析】 B promoting:提升的,enhancing:加強的,encouraging:鼓勵的,與題意不符。只有B表有刺激性的,能說明咖啡有刺激作用。故答案為B。

        真題24(2004天津卷34)

        Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.

        A.run B.running C.being run D.to run

        【答案及解析】 B非謂語動詞作賓語補足語時,選項A、D表示將來可能的動作;B、C表示一直不停的動作,而B表示賓語發(fā)出的動作,c表示賓語承受的動作。根據(jù)句子意思,答案選B,指水不停地流出。

        真題25(2004北京卷23)

        My advisor encouraged--a summer course to improve my writing skills.

        A.for me to take B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take

        【答案及解析】D考查動詞encourage sb.to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。意思是:我的顧問鼓勵我去參加暑季課程以提高我的寫作技巧。

        真題26(2004北京卷29)

        ________in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

        A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited

        【答案及解析】 C考查分詞短語作狀語。當(dāng)Tom意識到錢包忘在家里時,已經(jīng)排隊等了半小時。因此,答案選C,表示分詞的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞的動作之前。

        真題27(2004湖南卷33)

        You were silly not ________your car.

        A.to lock B.to have locked C.1ocking D.having locked

        【答案及解析】 B考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知:這是對已發(fā)事故的責(zé)備,沒有鎖車的行為發(fā)生在責(zé)備之前,應(yīng)該用完成式,排除A、C;再根據(jù)非謂語動詞的含義,不定式表示某具體的事情,而動詞的-ing形式表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的行為,從而可推知答案選B。

        真題28(2004北京春季卷32)

        He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

        A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting

        【答案及解析】D catch sb doing sth意為發(fā)覺某人正在做某事,doing sth在此用作賓補。選項A表示前面名詞所承受的動作,不妥;選項B表示將來某個時候正在做的事情;選項c表示事情還沒有做,都不合情理。

        真題29(2004上海春季卷35)

        I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ________?

        A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought

        【答案及解析】B 動詞不定式作定語,當(dāng)它的邏輯主語為句子的主語時,用主動形式。

        真題30(2004上海春季卷39)

        The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing.

        A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating

        【答案及解析】C remain可作連系動詞,相當(dāng)于be。再看seat的用法:seat oneself in/on/at…可轉(zhuǎn)化為:sb be seated in/on/at…。

        真題31(2004上海春季卷40)

        Victor apologized for ________to inform me of the change in the plan-

        A.his being not able B.him not to be able

        C.his not being able D.him to be not able

        【答案及解析】C首先,apologize的句法結(jié)構(gòu)為apologize for one’s/sb doing sth,于是排除B、D,再看非謂語動詞的否定式:否定詞必須在非謂語動詞的前面。故答案選C。

        真題32(2004上海春季卷42)

        After his journey form abroad,Richard Johns returned home,________.

        A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted

        【答案及解析】 B exhausting與exhausted意義區(qū)別。exhausted意思是:感到精疲力竭的,說明主語的狀態(tài);exhausting意為:令人精疲力竭的,說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。根據(jù)語境Richard是人,只能用選項B來表示他所處的狀態(tài)。而A、C、D在此都不合題意。

        真題33(2003全國卷22)

        A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen.

        A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked

        【答案及解析】 B考查非謂語動詞在句中作及物動詞被動語態(tài)的主語補足語的用法。find接補足語時的句型為find sb/sth doing/to be…/to have done.../done.不能接其它不定式作補足語。根據(jù)句意,只有廚師在廚房里正吸煙時被發(fā)現(xiàn)才能被解雇。因此,只能用現(xiàn)在分詞表進行,不能用動詞不定式(不定式常表示“具體的”已發(fā)生的或未發(fā)生的行為)。譯文:如果(有人)發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房里吸煙,他就會馬上被解雇。

        真題34(2003北京卷21)

        The teacher asked us ________so much noise.

        A.don’t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make

        【答案及解析】D考查不定式用法。在動詞ask后面用不定式作復(fù)合賓語.其否定形式是not to do。常見的這類動詞還有:tell,warn, order, advise等。

        真題35(2003北京卷28)

        ________time,he’11 make a first-class tennis player.

        A. Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given

        【答案及解析】D考查非謂語動詞。句意:要是給他時問,他會成為一流的網(wǎng)球運動員。不定式作狀語表示目的,排除B。分詞作狀語要看與主語的關(guān)系。句子主語he是give的邏輯賓語,用過去分詞。注意當(dāng)從句主語和主句的主語保持一致時,從句可省略(If he is),排除A和c項。

        真題36(2003上海卷37)

        The discovery of new evidence led to ________.

        A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief

        C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught

        【答案及解析】C lead to這個詞組中to是介詞,后面跟名詞,于是B、D被排除;the thief是動名詞邏輯上的主語,構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),與catch之間應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系,故排除A。

        真題37(2003上海卷43)

        An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots.

        A. to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued

        【答案及解析】 A order后應(yīng)按不定式,即order sb to do sth,因此B被排除。又因為issue clear warnings(發(fā)出明顯警告)的主語是all the soldiers,也就是說all the soldiers是issue的施動者,所以issue要用主動形式,D也被排除。句子沒有強調(diào)動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,不必用完成時態(tài),而且句子中的had been ordered所接的動作,指命令后要做而還未做的事,故只用一般不定式。答案為A。

        真題38(2003北京春季卷35)

        Mr. Smith,________of the ________speech, started to read a novel.

        A. tired;boring B.tiring;bored C. tired;bored D.tiring;boring

        【答案及解析】 A tired of“感到厭倦”,過去分詞作狀語,常用來形容人;boring“令人厭煩的”,形容詞,常用來形容物。所以其中狀語可分解為:Mr. Smith was tired of the speech.The speech was boring.譯文:聽煩了乏味的演講,Mr. Smith’讀起了小說。

        真題39(2003安徽春季卷22)

        --Why did you go back to the shop?

        --I left my friend ________there.

        A. waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits

        【答案及解析】A leave sb doing使某人處于某種狀態(tài),這一動作持續(xù)一段時間。D排除,因此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞;B、C無持續(xù)狀態(tài)的意思。答案為A。

        真題40(2003安徽春季卷28)

        The manager ________his factory’s products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.

        A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known

        【答案及解析】A變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句應(yīng)為“ne manager.who knew his factory’s products were poor in quality…”know為主動,排除B、D。定語從句變?yōu)槎陶Z應(yīng)用分詞短語來表示。答案為A。

        真題41(2003安徽春季卷32)

        The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________whether he was going in the right direction.

        A. seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see

        【答案及解析】 D 原句應(yīng)為…as if he stopped and looked to see whether由于從句與主句有相同的主語和謂語,故將從句的主語、謂語同時省略,而只留下目的狀語。

        真題42(2003上海春季卷35)

        Friendship is like money:easier made than ________.

        A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept

        【答案及解析】A西方諺語中,常用單詞的相同形式進行表達(dá),m。d。和kept都是過去分詞,表示被動。答案為A。

        真題43(2003上海春季卷36)

        ________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

        A.The president will attend B.The president to attend

        C.The president attended D.The president’s attending

        【答案及解析】D從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看,句子中已經(jīng)有謂語,故選項A排除;選項B為即將親自參加會議的總統(tǒng)給他們鼓舞,講不通,因為給出鼓舞的應(yīng)該是事或精神,而不應(yīng)該是人;選項C中的attended若作謂語,則與句子結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾,若作過去分詞,又與前面的“總統(tǒng)”的關(guān)系矛盾;因此,只有D正確,句子的意思是:“總統(tǒng)親自出席這次會議”這件事給了他們莫大的鼓舞。

        真題44(2003上海春季卷37)

        Unless ________to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.

        A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited

        【答案及解析】A在時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,從句的主語可以省略,而將從句中的謂語動詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞的動作為主句的主語所發(fā)出時,用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞的動作為主句的主語所承受時,用過去分詞形式。

        真題45(2003上海春季卷38)

        She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live.

        A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing

        【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)句子中所暗含的時間,是指要起的作用,故排除選項A和D;而不定式作定語時,若不定式的動作為句子的主語或賓語所發(fā)出時,用主動語態(tài)而不用被動語態(tài),故答案選B。

        真題46(2002全國卷32)

        Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it.

        A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen

        【答案及解析】 B這是一個主語從句。it作形式主語,whether they will enjoy it作真正的主語。remain后接to do sth.作表語。see與主語從句是動賓關(guān)系,所以要用to be seen作remains的表語。

        真題47(2002全國卷34)

        The research is so designed that once ________nothing can be done to change it.

        A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun

        【答案及解析】D once begun在句子中作狀語。begin可以作及物動詞,意思是“著手”。譯文:這項研究設(shè)計得那么好,一旦著手研究,就沒有什么地方要更改的了。

        真題48(2002北京卷34)

        ----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

        ----The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers.

        A.to solving;making B.to solving;made

        C.to solve;making D.to solve;made

        【答案及解析l B to放在key的后面作介詞,后接動名詞;過去分詞短語

        made by the customers作demand的定語。make與demand是動賓關(guān)系,所以要

        用過去分詞。這句話的意思是“解決問題的關(guān)鍵是滿足顧客的要求”。

        真題49(2002上海卷25)

        In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive.

        A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made

        【答案及解析】 A strive to do sth=try to do sth“非常努力做某事”,動詞不定式作目的狀語,表示努力的目的。譯文:為了在國際市場上取得更大的份額,許多國有公司正努力使自己的產(chǎn)品具有競爭性。答案為A。

        真題50(2002上海卷30)

        Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ________if a minor was broken.

        A.was sure of striking B.was sure of having struck

        C.was sure to be struck D.was sure to strike

        【答案及解析】 D be sure of“對……確信,有把握”,主語必須是人。be sure to do sth“就要,一定會”,主語可以是人或物。動詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生的事,意思是“就要……”。譯文:過去很多人都認(rèn)為如果鏡子破了,一定會引起災(zāi)難。注意.be+形容詞后接不定式的一般式,不用被動式。如:The problem is difficult for us to work out.我們很難解決這個問題。

        真題51(2002上海卷33)

        Though ________money,his parents managed to send him to university.

        A.1acked B.1acking of C.1acking D.1acked in

        【答案及解析】 C lack是及物動詞,后接賓語money。his parents與lack是主謂關(guān)系,要用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。譯文:雖然缺錢,他的父母親還是想法讓他上了大學(xué)。

        真題52(2002上海卷34)

        Don’t use words,expressions,or phrases ________only to people with specific knowledge.

        A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known

        【答案及解析】D know與words,expressions,phrases是動賓關(guān)系,要用過去分詞作定語,表示被動。having been known是現(xiàn)在分詞完成時的被動式,不能作定語。譯文:不要使用只有具有專業(yè)知識的人才知道的詞語。

        真題53(2002上海卷38)

        ________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

        A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed

        【答案及解析】C在非謂語動詞中,用動名詞或不定式來作主語,而分詞和介詞短語不能作主語,因此A、D被排除。在這個句子中,will do是謂語,缺少主語,要用動名詞作主語。expose與one’s skin是動賓關(guān)系,所以要用動名詞的被動式being exposed。譯文:在陽光下曬太長時間對人的皮膚有壞處。

        真題54(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

        Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices.

        A.a(chǎn)re bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying

        【答案及解析】 B goods是動詞bought的邏輯賓語,所以用過去分詞修飾,表被動。

        真題55(2002上海春季卷25)

        In some parts of London,missing a bus means ________for another hour.

        A.waiting B.to.wait C.wait D.to be waiting

        【答案及解析】 A mean doing sth.的意思是“意味著什么”。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做什么”。譯文:在英國的某些地方,趕不上公共汽車意味著要再等一小時。

        真題56(2002上海春季卷29)

        When ________,the museum will be open to the public next year.

        A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed

        【答案及解析】 A complete與museum是動賓關(guān)系,要用過去分詞completed作狀語,表示被動。譯文:當(dāng)這座博物館建成后,將在明年向公眾開放。to be completed作目的狀語,不與when連用。答案為A。

        真題57(2002上海春季卷37)

        With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

        A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled

        【答案及解析】C 動詞不定式to settle作difficult problems的定語表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪鉀Q的難題;過去分詞settled作定語表示已經(jīng)解決的難題;現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式being settled作定語表示正在解決的難題。所提供的情境the newly.elected president is having a hard time說明新任總統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在和將來都有難以解決的問題,所以要用to settle作定語。

        真題58(2001全國卷35)

        _______such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.

        A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered

        【答案及解析】A首先確定為主動語態(tài),然后根據(jù)already又可判斷用完成時。譯文:由于已經(jīng)受到如此嚴(yán)重的污染,現(xiàn)在清理河道可能太晚了。答案為A。

        真題59(2001上海卷29)

        D0 let your mother know all the truth.She appears _________everything.

        A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told

        【答案及解析】 D tell是及物動詞,后面要接賓語。因為在這個句子中,tell后面沒有賓語,所以要用動詞不定式的被動式。義因為知道了一切發(fā)生在告訴真相之前,所以要用動詞不定式的完成式。譯文:一定要把一切真相告訴你媽媽。她看上去已知道了一切事情。

        真題60(2001上海卷31)

        I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.

        A.to have had time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time

        【答案及解析】 B appreciate后接動名詞作賓語。譯文:我真的喜歡和你一起在這個迷人的小島上放松一下。

        真題61(2001上海卷38)

        The bell ________the end of the period rang,________our heated discussion.

        A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting

        C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated:interrupted

        【答案及解析】 A the bell在句子中作indicate和interrupt的邏輯主語,所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。答案為A。

        真題62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷21)

        ________late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.

        A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept

        【答案及解析】A用不定式表示具體的目的,sleep late“睡懶覺”。譯文:為了早上多睡一會兒,鮑勃關(guān)閉了鬧鐘。答案為A。

        真題63(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

        One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them.

        A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct

        【答案及解析】 B介詞by后接動名詞,用and連接的兩個表示并列成分的非謂語動詞形式要一致。

        真題64(2001上海春季卷28)

        Sandy could do nothing but ________to his teacher that he was wrong.

        A.a(chǎn)dmit B.a(chǎn)dmitted C.a(chǎn)dmitting D.to admit

        【答案及解析】 A該句中的but是介詞,后接動詞不定式。當(dāng)謂語動詞是do,does或did時,后接不帶to白懷定式;是其它動詞時,后接帶to的不定式。該句的謂語是could do nothing,要填動詞原形admit。譯文:山德不得不向老師承認(rèn)自己錯了。答案為A。

        真題65(2001上海春季卷36)

        Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________some schools for Door children.

        A. set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up

        【答案及解析】B to devote sth.to后接動名詞作賓語,即:devote sth.doing sth.。有的考生把all he had to當(dāng)成了一個短語,誤填了set up。實際上.a(chǎn)11 he had作devoted的賓語,是一個賓語從句。譯文:利德先生決定用自己所有的一切為貧困兒童建造幾所學(xué)校。

        真題66(2001上海春季卷37)

        ________blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

        A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give

        【答案及解析】B if you can是條件狀語從句。如果把這個句子轉(zhuǎn)為簡單句______blood and many lives will be saved.就可以確定這是一個“祈使句+and”的句型。

        真題67(2001上海春季卷38)

        ________from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

        A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered

        【答案及解析】C 根據(jù)狀語for years可判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。譯文:經(jīng)受了多年心臟病折磨的痛苦,懷特教授無論走到哪里都不得不隨身帶著藥。

        真題68(2000全國卷19)

        I’ve worked with children before,so I know what ________in my new job.

        A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects

        【答案及解析】B 在非謂語動詞中,疑問詞后只接不定式。此句中“疑問詞+動詞不定式”作賓語。

        真題69(2000全國卷22)

        The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

        A.early out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out

        【答案及解析】 C that they would like to see是定語從句;carried out作plan的定語表示被動。

        真題70(2000上海卷22)

        They’re not very good,but we like ________.

        A.a(chǎn)nyway to play basketball with them B.to play basketball with them anyway

        C.to play with them basketball anyway D.with them to play basketball anyway

        【答案及解析】B動詞like后接賓語to play basketball;賓語后接with them;anyway為副詞,用作狀語,放在句末。

        真題71(2000上海卷31)

        He sent me an e-mail,________to get further information.

        A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope

        【答案及解析】 B現(xiàn)在分詞hoping表示與send me an e.mail同時發(fā)生的動作。一些考生認(rèn)為應(yīng)該填不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語時,句子的正確形式是:He sent me an e-mail to get further information.如果要選擇“hoped”時,句子的正確形式是:He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。 “hoped”和“sent”作并列謂語。

        真題72(2000上海卷37)

        _____in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

        A.Being founded B.It was funded C.Founded D.Founding

        【答案及解析】 c簡單句的主語Harvard與Found是動賓關(guān)系,所以要用過去分詞短語(Founded in 1636)作狀語。

        真題73(2000上海卷39)

        The ________boy was last seen ________near the East Lake.

        A.missing;playing B.missing;play

        C.missed;played D.missed;to play

        【答案及解析】 A missing是形容詞,作boy的定語,意思是“失蹤的”;而missed是miss的過去式,意思是“錯過”,作謂語,排除C、D。was last seen playing表示被看見時正在玩。答案為A。

        真題74(2000上海卷40)

        Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party.

        A.having not been invited B.not having invited

        C.having not invited D.not having been invited

        【答案及解析】D invite與Tony構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,所以要用動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu) (not having been invited)。not要放在非謂語動詞的前面。選項A和C都是錯誤的形式。

        真題75(2000京、皖春季卷15)

        The picture ________on the wall is painted by my nephew.

        A.having hung B.hanging C:hangs D.being hung

        【答案及解析】 B選項B表狀態(tài);而選項D表動作;is painted在句子中作謂語,所以要填hang的非謂語形式。因為hang+表方位的介詞短語,hang是不及物動詞,非謂語動詞不能用被動式表示主動,所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。

        真題76(2000京、皖春季卷17) :

        ________the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

        A. Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

        【答案及解析】 A過去分詞Given構(gòu)成的短語在句子中作狀語,表示被動。意思是:“在……情況下,考慮到”。譯文:考慮到他的健康情況一般,他手術(shù)后需要一段時間才能恢復(fù)。答案為A。

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