Unit 9 Health care
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. be diagnosed with vt. 診斷疾病
The plastic surgeon diagnosed my illness as a rare bone disease. 整形外科醫(yī)生診斷出我的病是一種罕見的骨病。
The general practitioner diagnosed the illness of the baby as pneumonia. 全科醫(yī)生把小兒的病診斷為肺炎。
2. suffer from 與suffer 區(qū)別
受苦；受難
She was suffering from a headache. 她正經(jīng)受頭痛之苦。
Many people suffer from a great dread of heights. 許多人非常畏高。
遭受（磨難）
to suffer death 喪生
The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties by their own admission. 敵軍自己承認(rèn)傷亡慘重。
3. depending on （常與on, upon連用）視情況而定
That depends. 視情形而定。
It all depends on how you tackle the problem. 那要看你如何應(yīng)付這問題而定。
（常與on 連用）信任，信賴；需要
Can I depend on you? 我可以信任你嗎？
I haven't a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我沒有汽車，只能靠公共汽車。
4. thanks to 由于; 多虧, 因為
Camp meals are no great problem. Neither are beds, thanks to air mattresses and sleeping bags.
野營的飯食不是大問題，床也不是。多虧了空氣墊和睡袋。
引申：常見的表示“因為”的詞組：owing to, because of, on account of, as a result of, due to, for the reason of 等。
5. in time to do sth 趕得上做。。。
You are just in time to speak at the meeting.
6. prevent …from doing （常與from連用）阻止；制止；妨礙
We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything. 濃霧使我們看不到任何東西。
What prevented you from joining us last night? 昨天晚上什么事使你不能參加我們的晚會?
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
7. 對過去的虛擬
If I had had insurance, the sickness wouldn’t have caused such a big problem.
表示與過去的事實相反的假設(shè)時，條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用“had +過去分詞”，主句中的謂語動詞用“would（should, could, might）+have +過去分詞”。例如：
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.
8. aimed vt., vi. （常與at連用）瞄準(zhǔn)；對準(zhǔn)
He aimed with the gun. 他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)。
She aimed a pistol at the bandit point-blank. 她用手槍直接瞄準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)盜。
He aimed the gun at the enemy officer. 他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)了敵軍官。
以…為目標(biāo)
I aim to be a lawyer. 我要當(dāng)個律師。
He aimed to swim a mile. 他的目標(biāo)是游一英里。
The factory must aim at developing new models of machines. 該工廠必須致力于研制新型機(jī)械。
n. 瞄準(zhǔn)；對準(zhǔn)
The hunter took aim at wolf. 獵手瞄準(zhǔn)狼。
目標(biāo)；目的
What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么?
His aim was to swim a mile. 他的目標(biāo)是游一英里。
The aim is not just to keep busy. 其目的不僅是為了使每個人不致閑著。
9. access to n. 進(jìn)入；通道
There is no access to the street through that door. 穿過那個門沒有通向大街的路。
The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track. 到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一條泥濘小路。
使用；接近
easy of access 易于接近
Students need access to books. 學(xué)生需要使用書本。
He gave me free access to his library. 他讓我隨意進(jìn)他的藏書室
10 consult vt. 參考；查閱；咨詢
I consulted George about buying a car. 我向喬治請教購買小汽車的事。
I must consult my principal on this matter. 這件事我必須與委托人商量一下。
（常與with連用）商量；請教
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
11. nor can they 看半倒裝
1． 在結(jié)果狀語從句句型so …that …中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒裝。
So excited was she at the news that she couldn”t say a word .
聽到這個消息，她是如此激動，以致于一句話也說不出來。
2. only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語（副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等），全句語序要部分倒裝。
Only in this way can we get in touch with them .
Only because he was ill was he absent from school .
注意：only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時，語序不必倒裝。
Only Mr Wang knows about it .
3. 帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …rarely, little, hardly, nowhere, at no time, by no means, in no way, in/under no circumstances, in vain, much/even/still less, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when, not a single word, not a soul, not frequently, not longer, not often, not only…but also, not until…等。
Little did I think he was a spy . 我一點也沒想到他是一個間諜。
Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain .
No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang .
Not only does radio enable people to send words, music, and codes to any part of the world, it can also be used to communicate far in to space.(TOEFL,1998.10/11)
We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.(CET4,1999.6/60)
Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground.(CET4,2000.6/23)
Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
Nowhere was the lost car to be found.
4. 在虛擬語氣中，倒裝代替條件。
Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem .
Were there no light , we could see nothing .
5. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live France ! 法蘭西萬歲！
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
6． 當(dāng)比較和方式狀語從句中主語不是人稱代詞時，�？稍谥髡Z前添加與前面呼應(yīng)的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain than do other animals. (TOEFL, 1994. 8/5)
He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends.
Pure iron can not be hardened by heating and cooling as can steel, because iron lacks the necessary carbon. (TOEFL, 1999.10/13)
7． 讓步狀語從句可引起倒裝，例如：
Be he king or slave (=Whether he is a king or a slave), he ought to be punished
Come what may (=What may happen), we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands
12. as was the case with Wang Lin 特殊的定語從句
13. warn 用法vt. （常與of, against連用）警告；提醒；告誡
She warned me about the dangerous road, so I crossed it carefully. 她提醒我這條馬路很危險，因此我過馬路小心翼翼。
（常與that連用）事先通知
The whistle warned visitors that the ship was ready to sail. 汽笛通知旅客船即將啟航。
Integrating skills
1. as a result of , result from , result in
2. consider 用法 vt., vi. 考慮；思考
I am considering going abroad. 我正在考慮出國。
The court would not even consider his claim for the old man's legacy. 法庭根本不會考慮他所提出的對老人遺產(chǎn)的要求。
Let me consider. 讓我考慮一下。
認(rèn)為；以為
I consider it a great honor. 我認(rèn)為這是極大的榮幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我們認(rèn)為這不是司機(jī)的過錯。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
3. it was not until …that 強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法
It was not until I called her from behind that she found me.
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，not until置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝句以及until放在句首時，均不能用till替換until。例如：
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.
直到1920年才開始有定期的無線電廣播。
Notuntil12o”clock last night did Tom come back.（倒裝句）
昨晚直到十二點湯姆才回來。
Until I was 20 I had never been away from my hometown.
我二十歲以前，從未離開過家鄉(xiāng)。
4. search for
5. of even greater significance = significant
引申：常見類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：be of importance, be of necessity, be of value 等等。
6. despite prep. 不管；不顧；即使
Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday. 盡管天氣不好，我們的假期仍過得很愉快。
7. lack n. （常與of連用）缺乏；需要
There is no lack of vegetable. 蔬菜不缺。
The lack of rain aggravated the serious lack of food. "由于干旱少雨,缺糧問題更加嚴(yán)重。"
【詞性變化】
lack vt. 缺乏；不足；沒有
He lacks courage. 他缺乏勇氣。
Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we have done. 由于時間不夠，我們只能做到這樣。
Their actions lack consistency; they say one thing and do another. "他們言行不一,說的是一回事,做的又是另一回事。"
短少；不足；需要
Something is lacking. 缺少點什么東西。
Is she lacking in courage? 她缺乏勇氣嗎?
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
8. when asked about his discovery…
分詞做狀語時，經(jīng)常放在連詞when, while, if , unless 之后。
If invited, I will go to attend the conference.
Unless paid special attention to, the orchid is hard to grow.
While doing sport, you lose the most calories.
When scolded by his boss, he remained silent.
9. 虛擬語氣2
虛擬語氣用于賓語從句
1). “wish +賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望,漢語可譯為“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不該……”, “但愿……”等.
表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語動詞用過去式;表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望用“would(could) +動詞原形”;表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望時用“had +過去分詞”或“(could)would +have +過去分詞”.例如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2) 虛擬語氣在動詞arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest,等后面的賓主從句中用“(should)+動詞原形”.例如:
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
注意:insist作“力言”, “強(qiáng)調(diào)”解時,賓語從句不用虛擬語氣,只有當(dāng)insist作 “堅持(認(rèn)為)”, “堅持(應(yīng)該)”解時賓語從句才用虛擬語氣.例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
(三)虛擬語氣用于表語從句、同位語從句
作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句,其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)+動詞原形”.例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that we (should) exercises first．
(四)虛擬語氣在 as if(as though)，even if( even though)等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中的應(yīng)用．
如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時，指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用過去時，指將來則用過去將來時．例如：
He looked as if he were an artist.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England．
Even if he were here，he could not solve the problem．
(五)虛擬語氣用于主語從句．
在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)用“ should 十動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等．例如：
It is necessary( important，natural，strange，etc) that … we should clean
the room every day.
It was a pity ( a shame，no wonder，etc) that you should be so careless．
It will be desired( suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc)
that she should finish her homework this afternoon．
在上述三種主語從句中，should意為“應(yīng)該”,“竟然”，可以省去，但不可換用would.主句所用動詞的時態(tài)不限．
注意：這種從句表示的是事實．如果說話人對這種事實表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣．反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感．That從句也可用陳述語氣，例如：
It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can’t swim．
(六)虛擬語氣用于定語從句
這種從句常用在 It is( high) time( that)…句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式，或 should十動詞原形( should不能省略，be用 were)來表示，意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……”。例如：
It is ( high) time we left (should leave).
lt is high time we were going.
(七)虛擬語氣用于 if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中
If only I had taken his advice.
我要是聽他的話就好了．
If only I were a bird．我如果是一只鳥就好了．
(八)虛擬語氣在簡單句中的應(yīng)用
l)情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中，例如：
It would be better for you not to stay up too late．
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
2)用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中，例如：
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you. You had better go now． 3)用“ may 十動詞原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”． may須置于句首，例如：May you be happy! May you succeed!