Unit 7 課文重難點(diǎn)解析
1. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex... (Reading)
transmit... by doing sth.表“通過(guò)……傳播疾病”。
People may transmit SARS by staying close to each other.
人們之間的密切接觸可能會(huì)傳播非典型性肺炎。
2. The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients suffer from. (Reading)
suffer from表示“患有某種疾病;為……所苦;受……的折磨”,尤其指長(zhǎng)期或習(xí)慣性地。如:
He suffers from several diseases at present.
目前他身患幾種疾病。
Our business has suffered from lack of investment.
我們的企業(yè)因缺乏投資而日子不好過(guò)。
注意: suffer也可用作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“遭受;承受;蒙受”,多接pain, loss, defeat, punishment 等表示痛苦、不愉快的事。如:
He suffered the loss of a leg during the war.
在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,他失去了一條腿。
3. Living with cancer has... for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest. (Integrating skills)
take chance的熱點(diǎn)用法有:
1. 利用機(jī)會(huì)
Please take every chance to improve your English.
請(qǐng)利用一切機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)提高你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)。
2. 碰運(yùn)氣
We can’t take chances; we should be well prepared.
我們不能碰運(yùn)氣,我們應(yīng)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。
to the fullest表示“達(dá)到最大程度”。
I should help her to the fullest.
我應(yīng)盡最大能力幫助她。
Unit 7考點(diǎn)透視 考例回顧
1. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and.... (Reading)
【考點(diǎn)】 break down可作及物動(dòng)詞,作“破壞;使失效”解。也可作不及物動(dòng)詞,常表示“(計(jì)劃,談判等) 受挫折、失敗”或“感情失去控制”或“(機(jī)器)停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。
【考例】 News reports say peace talks between the two countries______ with no agreement reached.(NMET 2003)
A. have broken down
B. have broken out
C. have broken in
D. have broken up
【解析】由with no agreement reached (沒(méi)達(dá)成任何協(xié)議)這一提示可知,全句要表達(dá)“和談失敗”之意。而break up“驅(qū)散,分開(kāi)”;break in “插嘴”;break out“爆發(fā)”,都不符合句意,可排除。break down意為“(談判等)失敗”,符合句意,故選A。
2. She spends much of her time telling others about her disease and encouraging people to learn how to protect themselves. (Reading)
【考點(diǎn)】 及物動(dòng)詞encourage的意思是“鼓勵(lì)”,表示“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”用encourage sb. to do sth.。
【考例】 My advisor encouraged ______ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京2004)
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
【解析】 根據(jù)短語(yǔ)encourage sb. to do sth.可知應(yīng)選D。
3. I had been feeling sick for a long time and my mum had taken me to hospital to have me examined. (Integrating skills)
【考點(diǎn)】 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是“had+ been+ doing”,表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間開(kāi)始到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間為止,該動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù)進(jìn)行著,它具有過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)二者的特征。
【考例】 The crazy fans ______ patiently for two hours’ and they would wait till the movie star arrived.(重慶2004)
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had waited
D. would wait
【解析】從and后的分句可知電影明星還沒(méi)有到,所以當(dāng)時(shí)還在“等”,體現(xiàn)了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);從第一分句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for two hours可知是過(guò)去完成時(shí),由此可知用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),故選B。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種常見(jiàn)句式
1. wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句
表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用had + 過(guò)去分詞;表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我真希望知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
(事實(shí)上不知道)
I wish I had not wasted so much time.
我真希望沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間�！ �
(事實(shí)是已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了)
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我們一起去。
(你去的可能性不大)
2. as if 或as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句
表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式;表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,用had +過(guò)去分詞;表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反,用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
She looks as if she were sick.
她看起來(lái)像病了似的�！ �(其實(shí)沒(méi)病)
He looks as if nothing had happened to him.
他看上去好像什么事都沒(méi)發(fā)生似的。
(事實(shí)是出問(wèn)題了)
He talks about the book as if he had written it.
他說(shuō)起那本書(shū)來(lái)就好像是他寫(xiě)的。
(書(shū)不是他寫(xiě)的)
如果as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句所表述的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相符,應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:
It looks as if our team is going to win.
看來(lái)我們隊(duì)要贏(yíng)了。
(場(chǎng)上情況表明有可能)
3. if only后的句子
表示現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞；表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形，could+動(dòng)詞原形或虛擬語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去時(shí),常譯為“要是……就好了”。如:
If only I could learn English well in one day.
要是能在一天內(nèi)把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好就好了。
(事實(shí)上做不到)
If only I had not been late for the interview.
要是我面試沒(méi)遲到就好了。(事實(shí)上遲了)
If only Simon would reply to my letter.
要是西蒙能給我回信就好了。
(事實(shí)上不會(huì)回信)
4. would rather后的從句
表示現(xiàn)在的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had + 過(guò)去分詞。
I would rather she were not present.
我寧可她不在場(chǎng)。 (事實(shí)是她在場(chǎng))
I would rather he had told me the truth.
我寧可他告訴我事實(shí)真相�！ �
(事實(shí)是他沒(méi)告訴我事實(shí)真相)
5. It is (about / high) time后的定語(yǔ)從句
表示該做某事而沒(méi)做,從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式。
It is time that we went home.
我們?cè)摶丶伊恕?實(shí)際沒(méi)走)
It is high time that you went to bed.
你早該睡覺(jué)了。
6. advise， suggest， order， require， command， demand， desire， propose， insist， request等后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should常被省略。
He proposes that we(should) discuss the problem further.
他建議我們進(jìn)一步討論那個(gè)問(wèn)題。