Unit 11
1．criterion/ criteria(pl) n. (判斷、批評的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)則,尺度[C]
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student's work?
你用什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)?
2．summary adj.
1.) 概括的,扼要的
He gave a summary report of the day's events. 他對一天的事件作了簡要的報告。
2.) 實(shí)時的;草率的;即決的,簡易的
The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims.政府即刻采取行動救濟(jì)地震災(zāi)民。
n. 總結(jié),摘要,一覽[C][(+of)] He made a summary of the case. 他為這個案件做了一個摘要。
3．percentage n.
1.) 百分率,百分比[C] [(+of)] What percentage of children were absent? 缺席的學(xué)童占百分之幾?
2.) 比例;部分[C] Each of them got a percentage of the profits. 他們每個人都得到一部分利潤。
3.) 【口】好處,利益[U] There is no percentage in arguing with him.同他爭論于事無補(bǔ)。
4．suspect vt.
1.) 疑有,察覺 The tiger suspected danger and ran away.老虎意識到危險便逃跑了。
2.) 懷疑,不信任 We suspected their honesty. 我們不相信他們是誠實(shí)的。
3.) 懷疑(某人犯有過錯)[+of] [+(that)]The police suspected that Bill did it. 警察懷疑那件事是比爾干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)] I suspect they'll come. 我想他們會來的。
n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
adj. 可疑的;受到懷疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others. 他的動機(jī)受到其他人的懷疑。
5．temporary
adj. 臨時的;暫時的,一時的 Ellen has got a temporary job. 艾倫找到一份臨時工作。
n.[C] 1.) 臨時工,臨時雇員 She works in the office as a temporary. 她在辦公室做臨時雇員。
2.) 臨時事物;臨時房屋
The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.
那些戰(zhàn)時臨時住房將被永久性住宅代替。
6．expectation n.
1.) 期待;預(yù)期[U][C]The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone. 那條狗搖著尾巴,巴望吃肉骨頭。
2.) 期望,預(yù)期的事物(pl.) The reward fell short of our expectations. 獎勵不符我們的希望。
3.) 前程(pl.) a young artist with great expectations 有遠(yuǎn)大前程的青年藝術(shù)家
7．division n.
1.) 分開,分割[U][(+into)]
The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
編寫者都同意把教科書分成十二個單元。
2.) 分配,分派[U][(+between/among)]
The thieves quarrelled about the division of their stolen goods. 這些賊為分偷來的物品而爭吵。
3.) 【數(shù)】除(法)[U] The boy has learnt to do division. 這個小男孩已學(xué)會做除法。
8．compromise n.
1.) 妥協(xié),和解[C][U][(+between)] I hope we shall come to a compromise. 我希望我們能達(dá)成妥協(xié)。
2.) 妥協(xié)方案,折衷辦法;折衷物[C]
The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.
這所房子的內(nèi)部裝飾是中西兩式的折衷物。
vt. 1.) 互讓解決(分歧等) 2.) 連累,危及
You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people.
你如果與這些人交往就會損害你的好名聲。
3.) 放棄(原則等);泄露(秘密等) He refused to compromise his principles. 他拒絕放棄原則。
vi. 妥協(xié),讓步[(+on)] They found it wiser to compromise with her. 他們覺得與她妥協(xié)更明智。
9．dynamic adj.
1.) 力的;動力的 a dynamic load 動力荷載 2.) 能動的;動態(tài)的 a dynamic verb 動態(tài)動詞
3.) 有活力的;有生氣的;強(qiáng)有力的 a dynamic young businessman 生氣勃勃的年輕商人
10．embarrass vt.
1.) 使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question. 亞瑟似乎被這個問題弄得有些窘迫。
2.) 使負(fù)債;使拮據(jù) A large family embarrassed him. 他子女多,這使他經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)。
3.) 妨礙,阻礙 Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements. 穿著厚大衣妨礙了他的行動。
11．contradictory adj.
1.) 矛盾的,對立的[(+to)]
The prisoner's statement was contradictory to the one he'd made earlier.
那個囚犯的供詞與早些時候說的相矛盾。
2.) 好反駁的,喜爭辯的 a contradictory nature愛斗嘴的討厭本性
n.[C] 1.) 矛盾因素,對立物 2.) 【邏】矛盾命題;否定項(xiàng)
12．violent adj.
1.) 激烈的;猛烈的;強(qiáng)烈的 The boat sank in a violent storm at sea. 船在海上強(qiáng)烈的風(fēng)暴中沉沒。
2.) 由暴力引起的;暴力的[Z] She died a violent death. 她慘遭橫禍。
3.) 極端的,極度的 A violent impatience overcame him. 他變得極不耐煩。
4.) 狂暴的,兇暴的 The madman was violent and had to be locked up. 這瘋子十分兇暴,只好把他鎖起來。
13．resign vt.
1.) 放棄,辭去 The general resigned his commission. 將軍辭去了他的職務(wù)。
2.) 把...托交給,委托[(+to/into)]
She resigned her children to the care of her sister. 她把孩子交給她妹妹照管。
3.) 使聽從,使順從[(+to)] He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate. 他聽天由命。
vi. 辭職[(+from)] The simplest thing is for him to resign at once.最簡單的做法就是他立即辭職。
14． definite adj.
1.) 明確的,確切的 She made no definite answer. 她沒有作確定的回答。
2.) 一定的,肯定的 It's definite that he'll be late again. 他肯定又要遲到。
3.) 限定的
15．congratulate vt.
1.) 祝賀;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery. 我祝賀你的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart. 我衷心地祝賀你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我慶幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash. 他慶幸自己在空難中幸免于死。
16． finance
n. 1.) 財政;金融;財政學(xué)[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance. 他憑著自己的理財本領(lǐng)得到了這個職位。
2.) (對事業(yè)的)資金支援[U]
3.) 財源;資金;(國家的)歲入;財務(wù)情況[P]
The country's finances have improved.這個國家財政狀況改善了。
vt. 供資金給;融資,為...籌措資金 Our project is adequately financed. 我們的工程資金充足。
vi. 籌措資金 We are financing for the housing project. 我們在為住宅計(jì)劃籌措資金。
17．decline vi.
1.) 下降,下跌;減少;衰退,衰落
As one grows older one's memory declines. 人的記憶力隨著年齡增長而衰退。
Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month. 上個月失業(yè)率降至百分之四。
2.) 【書】傾斜;下垂 3.) 婉拒;謝絕
vt.
1.) 婉拒;謝絕[+to-v] She declined their invitation. 她婉拒了他們的邀請。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
她說她身體不舒服,婉拒了與她的朋友共進(jìn)午餐。
2. )【語】使發(fā)生詞尾變化,使變格
n. 1.) 下降;減少[S1] There is a decline in real wages. 實(shí)際工資有所減少。
2.) 衰退,衰落[the S] 3.) 傾斜[the S]
18．oral
adj. 1.) 口頭的,口述的
An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise.
只有口頭協(xié)議是不夠的;我們必須有一個書面承諾。
He passed his German oral exam. 他通過了德文口試。
2.) 口的,口部的 The oral opening in an earthworm is small. 蚯蚓的口是很小的。
3.) (藥)口服的 The doctor prescribed an oral dose of medicine. 醫(yī)生開了一劑口服藥。
重點(diǎn)短語:
1.stick with繼續(xù)支持；保持聯(lián)系
2.through thick and thin 不顧艱難1. 在任何情況下
I'll support you through thick and thin.在任何情況下我都會支持你們。
3.pull out of從……中退出 pull out of the fire1. 使轉(zhuǎn)危為安
They just pulled the game out of the fire.他們好不容易贏了比賽。
4.cater to滿足某種需要或要求,迎合;為...服務(wù)
Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes.這些報紙迎合低級趣味。
5.for the sake of由于；為了……的利益 為了
He argues for the sake of arguing.他是為爭辯而爭辯。
6.in reality事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上 =in fact, actually
Everyone likes the stranger, but in reality he is a criminal.
每個人都喜歡這位陌生人,其實(shí)他卻是個罪犯。
7.keep an eye on 照料；照管1. 照看;注意
Would you keep an eye on my baby for a while?請你照看一下我的嬰兒好嗎?
8.take sth. into account考慮；體諒
9.as a whole 總的說來；作為整體;整個看來
Is this true just in this country, or in the world as a whole?
只是在這個國家如此呢,還是就整個世界來看都這樣?
10.once again再一次
11.live up to依照……行事；做到；不辜負(fù)（期望）實(shí)踐;
You must live up to your promise.你必須實(shí)踐自己的諾言。
12.accept...as... 認(rèn)為……
The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job.
宇航員承認(rèn)他們的工作中包含著危險。
13.on one’s own獨(dú)自，靠自己，獨(dú)立
14.the majority of大多數(shù)；大部分
15.a pie chart餅狀圖
16.a bar chart柱狀圖
17.match...to... 使……（和……）調(diào)和，相配
18.be suspected of 被猜疑，被懷疑
19.take measures to ...采取措施（做……）
20.be familiar with 對……熟悉
21.be made up of構(gòu)成；組成
22.count...as... 把…認(rèn)為…
23.on the other hand 另一方面
24.attach to 伴隨… 屬于All blame must attach to myself.一切責(zé)任應(yīng)由我本人承擔(dān)。
25.be aware of 察覺到，感覺到，獲悉
26.be suitable for適合做……
27.guard...against... 守護(hù)……（免于……），保護(hù)
28.make the best use of充分利用
29.on the surface 表面上的，外表上
30.as a matter of fact 實(shí)際上
As a matter of fact, I've never been there before.事實(shí)上我從未到過那兒。
31.be satisfied with 對……滿意
32.lose face 失面子
33.by means of以……，借著……用;以
They succeeded by means of perseverance.他們依靠堅(jiān)忍不拔而獲得成功。
34.put ... to use使用，用，利用
35.in demand有需要的；吃香的The book is in great demand.這本書需要量很大。
36.so as to 為了，目的是