第十三單元
（一）應(yīng)復(fù)習(xí)的教材內(nèi)容：SB2A Unit 7, Unit 8
（二）復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
1. 詞匯
SB2A Unit 7
infect vt. （疾�。﹤魅�，感染
infect sb. with… 傳染給某人……be infected with… 被染上……
1. Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him
2. The wound was infected with germs.
infect sb. with a theory （意識(shí)，精神）影響， 感染
3. The captain’s courage infected his men .
4. The whole class was infected with the teacher’s own enthusiasm(熱情) for the subject.
5. an infected area 污染地區(qū)
disrupt 打斷，中斷，使陷入混亂
1. The strike severely disrupted flights to Spain.
2. Telephone service was disrupted for hours.
3. An accident has disrupted railway service into and out of the city.
4. The special TV report disrupted regular programming.
date
1. What is the date today? 今天是幾月幾號(hào)？(What day is today ?今天星期幾？)
2. At that date, electric light was unknown.
be out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的 Up to date 時(shí)興的
3. The guide-book is ten years out of date.
4. He is very up to date in his method of language teaching.
date back to 回溯到 date from 從……起
5. The castle dates back to the 14th century.
6. The custom dates from ancient times.
to date 到目前為止
7. There is no news to date.
8. This is his best book to date.
result
1. He was late as a result of the traffic jam.
2. He was late , as a result, he was criticized by the teacher.
3. The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.
4. His attempt resulted in failure.
feel like, take notes of,
be different from, on the contrary
break down keep sb.alive
spread through die of
cheer up be infected with
lack of suffer from
find out be treated with
keep sb. from doing sth. be free from
for the moment think of… as
through birth
SB2A Unit 8
witness 目擊，見(jiàn)證
1. He witnessed the accident. = He witnessed to the accident.
2. He is a witness to the accident, so he was invited to the police station.
3. We witnessed tremendous changes in the city.
4. She said she was a witness to the will
panic
1. The fire caused a panic in the cinema.
2. At the news he was struck with (a) panic. 驚慌失措
3. a panic fear 莫名的恐懼
4. The crowd in (a ) panic fled in all directions. 驚恐地
v panicked, panicking
5. The popular star’s turning up panicked the audience.使狂熱，使喝彩
6. Don’t panic over the simple cut, young man. 對(duì)……恐慌
recommend 推薦；建議；托付
1. recommend (sb) a book 推薦
2. recommend sb as a good writer
3. The doctor recommended the patient to do some light manual labor. 建議
4. He recommended that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
5. I recommended my child to her (her care).托某人照管
call for /at/ on /in/up/off
1. I’ll call for you at seven tomorrow.
2. The meeting calls for ten rooms.
3. We called at my aunt’s yesterday evening.
4. I called on Professor Lee the day before yesterday.
5. The government called on people to support him.
6. The teacher called in Mary’s father because of her often being absent from school.
7. Please call me up if you have any question.
8. The conference has been called off.
make sure give first aid
catch fire keep sth in mind.
in honour of hold one’s breath
leave out deal with
roll over upside down
spit out turn off
2. 句型結(jié)構(gòu)
SB2A Unit 7
1. I can become infected with HIV by swimming in a pool, holding hands or kissing someone with HIV.
2. People who see Xiaohua would never guess that she is one of millions of children in the world living and dying with Aids.
3. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected blood transfusions or, as in Xiaohua’s case, through birth.
4. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most.
5. If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.
6. Medical studies show that the AIDS virus cannot be transmitted via the following routes: cups, glasses, toilets seats, swimming pools, mosquitoes, other insects or giving blood.
7. What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter ?
8. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.
9. The disease is spreading fast in Africa and parts of Asia, mainly because of a lack of proper health care, prevention and education.
10. I wish I could remember more about my mum.
SB2A Unit 8
11. Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t reach them.
12. Seconds count in an emergency, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
13. The question will also calm the person, letting him or her know that help is on the way.
14. We should never try to revive a person unless we know how to do it.
15. Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.
16. Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries.
17. If the person is conscious and breathing, try to get him or her to spit out any poison that may still be in the mouth.
18. Send whatever you find to the hospital.
19. I was walking along the road next to the river when I saw a little girl fall through the ice.
20. After he had thrown up a couple of times, I gave him some milk to drink.
3. 語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)氣
英語(yǔ)句子一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用不同的形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。
1) 陳述語(yǔ)氣（The Indicative Mood）
用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。如：
My father and I drove over to the village to see Uncle Wu.
No one likes being laughed at.
Are you joking?
What a strange-looking person (he is )!
2) 祈使語(yǔ)氣（The Imperative Mood）
用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令或勸告等。如：
Open the door, please.
Don’t torch anything unless you are told to.
Let me have a try.
3) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (The Subjunctive Mood)
表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。
a)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法
(1) 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：
條 件 從 句 主 句
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were） Would (should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形
① If I were you , I wouldn’t /shouldn’t do that.
② We would go with you if we time.
③ We could ask him if he were here.
④ If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up.
(2) 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：
條 件 從 句 主 句
Had+過(guò)去分詞 Would(should, could, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞
① If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.
② If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him.
③ I should (would) have called you if I had known your telephone number.
３）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：
條 件 從 句 主句
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
或should＋動(dòng)詞原形
或were to ＋動(dòng)詞原形
Would (should, could, might)＋動(dòng)詞原形
① If it should rain , the crops would be saved.
② If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
b.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一些其他用法
（１） 在suggest, propose, advise, demand, desire, require, request, insist, command, order等表示建議、要求和命令的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，一般用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形�！�
① I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.
② He ordered that all (should) take part in the work.
③ They insisted that we (should) begin the work at once.
（２） 在由as if (though), so that, in order that 等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，也往往用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
① She loves the child as he were her own.
② Holding his head high, he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist.
③ The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could (might) hear him clearly.
④ The emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.
但as if（though）后的從句也常用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那闆r往往是可能發(fā)生的。如：
It looks as if our side is going to win.
（３） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句
在主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，表示驚奇、惋惜、不信任等。如：
① It is necessary (important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange, etc, ) that we should clean the every day.
② It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc. ) that you should be so careless.
③ It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注：以上從句也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述事實(shí)，此時(shí)，就不需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
① It is strange that he did not come yesterday.
② It is a pity that you can’t swim.
（４） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句
作 advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“（ should ）＋動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：
① We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
② My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.
（５） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于簡(jiǎn)單句中
① 表示說(shuō)話人謙虛、禮貌或語(yǔ)氣委婉 如：
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
You’d better go now.
② may 引導(dǎo)的表示祝愿的句子 如：
May you be happy!
May you succeed!
（６） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用于以下幾個(gè)固定句型中
① wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句
I wish it were spring all the year round.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
② It is (high) time (that)…
It is time we left (should leave ).
③ If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
If only I had taken his advice.
If only I were bird!
④ would rather + clause
I’d rather you paid me now.
I’d rather she hadn’t done that.
下面是近年來(lái)的高考題，你能做出來(lái)嗎？
1. I wonder why Jenny _____us recently. We should have heard her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
2. I was really anxious about you. You _____home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
3. Look at the trouble I am in! If only _____your advice.
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
4. We _____last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
5. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D were to fall
6. Tou can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
（答案: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C）
（一） 補(bǔ)充練習(xí)
I. 用下列動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
recommend, transmit, panic, scream, allocate, calm down , disrupt , deal with , manage, keep in mind, respond, mean , bleed, witness, choke ,
1. The power developed by the engine is ___________ to the wheels by some important parts.
2. These days the government has been _________ materials and facilities for the new construction project.
3. An accident has __________railway service into and out of the city.
4. I offered him a drink, at first he didn’t__________, but then he shook his head and said he was responsible for the passengers’ safety.
5. He wrapped a scarf around his arm to try to stop the ___________.
6.The child swallowed a pen top and ___________ to death.
7. She saw a rat hiding in the corner of the room and ___________.
8. We ____________ tremendous changes in the city.
9. Your parents never__________ you to spend time like that.
10. One thing all parents should ___________is to keep their child away from the hot stove
11. He is reading a book ___________ West Africa.
12. Just_____________ a bit and everything will be all right.
13. The popular star’s turning up ____________ the audience.
14. The doctor _____________ the patient to do some light manual labor.
15. Who ___________ the supermarket when the owner was away ?
II. 用括號(hào)中本單元所學(xué)重點(diǎn)詞匯或詞組，把下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. 這些男孩子瘋狂地為他們的足球隊(duì)加油。(cheer )
2．當(dāng)我看到我哥哥從他的汽車(chē)中出來(lái)時(shí)，我擁抱了他。(hug)
3．他沒(méi)有在家學(xué)習(xí)，相反，他去踢球了。(on the contrary)
4．我不認(rèn)識(shí)他，我只是了解他的一點(diǎn)情況。(know about )
5．從南方來(lái)時(shí)，他發(fā)著燒，被送去住院了。(suffer )
6. 這輛汽車(chē)撞到那棵樹(shù)上，翻倒了。(upside down)
7．你應(yīng)該把這位老師的話記在心里。(keep in mind )
8．氣象員說(shuō)一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨就要到來(lái)。( on the way )
9．有些人在樹(shù)林里亂扔煙頭，那樣樹(shù)林也許會(huì)著火的。( catch fire )
10．首先，我們應(yīng)確保電線是安全的。(make sure )
（四）練習(xí)與測(cè)試
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇
1. Was the door of our office ________ last night ?
A. remained open B. stayed open C. kept open D. left open
2. The doctor _______ me to stay in bed for a couple of days and I did so.
A. suggested B. advised C. persuaded D. insisted on
3. The baby will eat _________ his parents give him.
A. no matter what B. what C. no matter which D. whatever
4. _______ his composition, mine is not good enough.
A. Comparing to B. Compared with C. Be compared with D. Being compared to
5. Much more attention should be ______ to ________ pollution.
A. given; fighting with B. given; fight with
C. paid; the fight against D. paid; the fighting against
6. He as well as his parents ________ not slept all night, completely __________.
A. has; worn out B. have; tired C. have; worn out D. has; tiring
7. He tried to cope with the ever increasing burden of his work, but finally he ______ and had to take a complete rest.
A. broke away B. broke down C. broke out D. broke in
8. Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life, they are certainly ________.
A. imaginary B. imaginable C. imagination D. imagining
9. Do ________ you want to do ________ difficulties you may have.
A. what; whatever B. that; whatever
C. whatever; however D. whatever; what
10. She has two children with another one __________.
A. in the way B. on its way C. on the way D. by the way
11. Mother meant to have taken me along to the party, but I did wrong so she _______ me alone at home.
A. stayed B. left C. had D. remained
12. If he had taken my advice, he _______ a scientist now.
A. will be B. would have been C. has been D. would be
13. She had been working on the maths problem for a long time before a new idea _______ to her.
A. happened B. developed C. occurred D. changed
14. ---How do you know Sarah came from Scotland ?
---Judging from the way _______ she speaks.
A. which B. with which C. to which D. that
15. –Would you like me to turn down the radio a bit ?
--________, I’m used to working with the radio on .
A. no, it isn’t matter B. No, I don’t like it
C. No, it’s all right D. No, don’t mention it
16. They ________ the house and it was burnt down _______ the ground.
A. set fire to; on B. set fire to; to C. burnt ; on D. set on fire ; to
17. –You did so much work today. You must be very tired.
--No, I am not _______ tired.
A. a little B. rather C. fairly D. a bit
18. ___________ I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him.
A. Unless B. When C. If D. Had
19. We must give our first aid to the boy badly _______ in the accident of falling off a bike.
A. injured B. injuring C. having injured D. to be injured
20. If you _______ your homework last night, you _______ us in the game now.
A. had finished; would have joined
B. finished; would have joined
C. have finished; would join
D. had finished; would join
II. 完形填空
. More like at other meals, there is a wide difference in the taste of breakfast eaters. Some people, teenage girls___1__. Prefer to eat no breakfast at __2__ --- or perhaps only a piece of toast and a glass of milk. Many women __3__ only a cup of coffee and a glass of juice, __4_ others eat a hearty morning 5 and watch their calories at lunchtime. Men generally like a ___6___substantial(wealthy) meal, sometimes two or three courses, __7___ fruit, cereal and eggs. Unlike other meals, _8__may, and __9__ be prepared “to order.” That is, if daughter Susie truly dislikes eggs she may be __10__ a dish of cold cereal, but Father should not ___11___ be deprived of(not be given) his fried eggs and bacon.
In __12__ the breakfast table, Mother __13__ out just those utensils(tools for dinner) which will be needed by each person.
A 14 of cold cereals, milk, cream, sugar, salt and pepper, and jams or jellies may be placed 15 the center of the table or on a 16 side table, but 17 is doing the cooking serves the hot food directly onto the plates and 18 them in front of 19 sitting at the table. If your 20 is large enough, a lazy Susan or turntable is most convenient and makes each items reach everyone easily.
1.A accidentally B. directly C. especially D. seldom
2.A. times B. all C. last D. most
3.A. take B. bring C. suck D. ask
4.A. when B. after C. before D. while
5.A. breakfast B. meal C. tea D. food
6.A. more B. less C. much D. little
7.A. having B. to C. plus D. including
8.A. morning B. breakfast C. soup D. eggs
9.A. should B. might C. thus D. so
10.A. fetched B. delivered C. given D. taken
11.A. otherwise B. only C. even D. therefore
12.A. making B. checking C. setting D. fixing
13.A. gives B. puts C. brings D. takes
14.A. lots B. kinds C. variety D. deal
15.A. at B. in C. to D. on
16.A. closed B. pretty C. high D. convenient
17.A. whatever B. whoever C. whichever D. wherever
18.A. place B. places C. take D. takes
19.A. whom B. that C. those D. what
20.A. meal B. plates C. table D. dish
III. 閱讀理解
A
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, pretty different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority(優(yōu)先權(quán)) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding back with the complexities(復(fù)雜) of spelling?
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will always write only words within his spelling knowledge, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive(感人的) piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted(忽視) to read the article, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation(呈現(xiàn)) would have given the pupil more motivation(動(dòng)力) to seek improvement.
1. Teachers are different in their opinions about_______.
A. the difficulties in teaching spelling
B. the role of spelling in general language development
C. the complexities of the basic writing skills
D. the necessity of teaching spelling.
2. The expression “play safe” probably means________.
A. to write carefully B. to do as teachers say
C. to use dictionaries frequently D. to use words one is sure of
3. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that_______.
A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely
B. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
C. students will have more confidence in writing
D. students will learn to be independent of teachers
4. The writer seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on their sensitive piece of writing is ______.
A. reasonable B. unfair C. foolish D. careless
5. The major point discussed in the passage is ______.
A. the importance of developing writing skills
B. the complexities of spelling
C. the correct way of marking compositions
D. spelling and the content of a composition
B
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
A CLASS OF THEIR OWN
Name: Susan Lane
Age: 22
Place: Reykjavik, Iceland, 1994.
Cost: $7,000
Organisation: AFS
Experience: “I think it was a turning point in my life. I began to understand more about my own culture by experiencing another culture and seeing how other people live.”
Name: Sara Small
Age: 23
Place: Crivitz, Germany, 1996.
Cost: $8,000
Organisation: EF Foundation
Experience: “I loved the travelling and I made a lot of friends. I found the European school system hard but I am fluent now in German so it was worth it. I did miss my family and friends in Australia but I would love to do it again."
Name: Leanne Smythe
Age: 20
Place: Minnesota, America, 1994.
Cost: $6,000
Organ Organisation: Southern Cross Cultural Exchange
Experience: “I learnt how to be really responsible. It was great to be on my own and I got on really well with the family I was with. I will definitely go back one day.”
Name: David Links
Age: 16
Place: Stuttgart, Germany, 1996.
Cost: $6,000
Organisation: Southern Cross Cultural Exchange
Experience: “I wanted to try something that was very different to Australia in culture. In Germany everything was different but I soon got settled. The family I was with was great and I really feel as though I have a second family."
FOREIGN
Name: Linda Marks
Age: 19
Place: Chonburi Province, Thailand, 1994.
Cost: $3,500
Organisation: Rotary International
Experience: “It's like a roller-coaster ride, there are lots of ups and downs, but you always come back for more. I had a few problems but there was always someone to turn to and that was great.”
6. The students who refer to both the good time and the bad time include ________ .
A. Susan Lane and Sara Small B. Linda Marks and David Links
C. Tom Jennings and Linda Marks D. Leanne Smythe and Tom Jennings
7. The writing above would probably be _______.
A. the records of students' activities B. the foreign students' name cards
C. the notice about a visit to foreign countries
D. the advertisement from an international travel service
8. The student who valued learning another language is ________.
A. Linda Marks B. Sara Small
C. Tom Jennings D. Leanne Smythe
9. How many students mention the culture difference they have experienced?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
C
California is proud of being the food and wine capital of the United States. There are certainly a lot of reasons for that belief in places like San Francisco, Berkeley, Santa Monica, La Jolla, and the Wine Country. It's also true that in the countryside, the food is just as likely to be standard "International Food" (i.e. fried chicken and "New York Steaks") or worse. You can always cheer yourself up by remembering that even out there in the middle of nowhere, the food will still be better than anything you could ever get in England, and at half the price.
California's restaurants and cafes will actually provide you with a pleasant culture surprise. They usually clean, cheap, open useful hours, relatively healthy, and serve reasonable food. Even in the lowest price of places you'll be given a large choice of things like bread, cheese, and coffee. For example, even ordering something as simple as a cheese sandwich with a side salad and coffee, you'll need to be ready to answer the usual questions:
"What kind of bread?" Your choices here are likely to be sourdough (酵頭) while, wheat, rye(黑麥), 7-grain, roll, 9-grain, or croissant (新月面包). "Wheat" is always a safe choice. Don't ask for "white" or "brown" bread" -- there really isn't such a simple thing here; waitresses will roll their eyes and think you're from Iowa.
"What kind of cheese?" Well, here you're going to have choose from a bunch of unlikely cheese types like " Swiss," "Cheddar," "Jack," or provolone-cheese. "Swiss," by the way, simply means the cheese has holes in it, probably drilled in the Great New Jersey Cheese Factory before it was sent over here by cheese tanker. Always pick "Jack," which at least has the idea of being Californian.
"What kind of salad?” This one's a real killer if you're English and think all salads are just its of lettuce and cucumber with whole tomatoes. "Caesar" or "House" are probably the safest choices here.
"What kind of salad dressing?" Typical choices are "oil and vinegar," "thousand island," "ranch," etc. If you don't know the place, ask for "oil and vinegar." It's kind of hard to destroy something so simple. But it happens.
10. Which city is regarded as the food and wine capital of the United States?
A. Berkeley. B. San Francisco. C. California. D. New York.
11. What does "a pleasant culture surprise" mean? It means _____.
A. a good time B. cheap and reasonable food
C. have many different choices to order food, even the common one.
D. a surprise to find some food.
12. Which is the favorite kind of bread in California?
A. Wheat. B. White. C. Jack. D. Brown.
13. According to the passage, which is right?
A. There are many kinds of food in California.
B. The restaurants in California are cheaper and more comfortable.
C. You should know some special names of habits in California, so you can't make mistakes.
D. None of the above.
D
Every living cell contains genes(基因). They are too small to be seen in a microscope, but they are vitally important. Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human being. Some genes determine hair color. Some determine the shape of a nose. Some genes help determine your height and even your weight.
Genes are made of a chemical called DNA --- the letters stand for deoxyribonucleic acid. In the early 1950’s two scientists, Francis Grick and James Watson figured out how the parts of DNA fit together. Once scientists understood this structure, it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways. New kinds of genes could be made in this manner.
Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals. They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the thickness of its skin. Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping, scientists have begun the Human Genome Project, an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.
Some genes may be defective. For example , something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot (凝聚). An individual born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages (出血) or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot. If scientists ever find a child has any defective genes, they might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.
14. What was the achievement of Francis Crick and James Watson ?
A. They discovered why people have different hair colors
B. They learned that some people bleed for long periods of time.
C. They looked at human cells under the microscope.
D. They worked out the structure of DNA
15. What is the main idea of this passage ?
A. Defective genes can never be repaired
B. Genes are too small to be seen through a microscope.
C. Genes help scientists understand how living things develop their characteristics (特點(diǎn))
D. The Human Genome Project may explain the role of every gene in the body
16. Which of the following statement is a fact ?
A. Genes help determine your height and weight
B. Genetic engineering is the most important scientific discovery of the last 25 years
C. It is dangerous to make changes in genes
D. Supermarkets should not sell genetically engineered food
E
We had hardly got above the clouds over the airport when a calm voice said over the loudspeaker: “For technical reasons we shall be returning immediately to London Airport. Please keep your seatbelts fastened.”
I was rather surprised and glanced at the old lady next to me. She had been very chatty while we were waiting to take off.
“I’m going to New York to visit some relatives there. I always sleep wonderfully well whenever I get into a plane,” she had told me.
And indeed, she seemed to be in a very deep sleep already.
Just then a passenger behind me shouted: “Oh, my God! The wing’s on fire.”
I looked out of the window and my blood froze. Smoke and flames were pouring out of one of the engines. The plane was already turning and losing altitude fast.
“ What’s happening? Are we going to crash?” an American in front of me demanded.
The cabin crew were already moving up and down the aisle（走道）, reassuring people, saying things like: “ It’s just all right. There’s no need to worry. Now, if you just sit still, everything will be all right. Don’t get up. Don’t get upset.”
I looked out again. The ground was rushing up at us with shocking speed. We were already so low that I could make out cars and even people.
“ It’s only a slight emergency,” a stewardess told me with a tense smile.
Suddenly there was a sickening bump and we were rushing along the runway at a terrifying speed. The brakes screeched（尖叫）. The engines roared even more loudly. We came to a trembling stop. The cabin crew flung open emergency exits and the passengers began sliding down huge, stocking-like chutes (滑道)to the ground. A fire engine was already putting out the fire in that one engine. I had to shake the old lady violently to wake her up.
“ What’s wrong? Surely the journey isn’t over already! I mean, have we got to New York?” she asked sleepily.
17. When did the emergency occur?
A. We are not told. B. Just before the plane landed in New York.
C. Shortly after the plane took off. D. Sometime in the middle of the flight.
18. When the author saw the smoke and flames he _____.
A. told the others to keep calm B. demanded to know what was happening
C. became extremely frightened. D. thought it was only a slight emergency.
19. During the emergency, the cabin crew _____.
A. were very active and kept people calm
B. did hardly anything at all
C. looked very worried and upset.
D. kept smiling brightly
20. When they landed, the old lady _____.
A. was one of the first to get out
B. asked when they were going on to New York
C. was shaking violently with fear
D. was not even sure where they were
VI. 短文改錯(cuò)
I always have a difficult time choosing presents, but strange 1. ________
enough, it didn’t take me long to decide on my wife’s birthday 2. ________
present-I’ll buy her a record player. At the party, she suggested 3. _______
I unpacked it and put on some records. I set it up but it refused 4. ________
to work, so I decided to fix it. Soon crowd gathered to watch 5. ________
me, and I could hear all sort of “helpful” suggestions like “Try 6. ________
winding it up!” “The speakers are upside down!” Suddenly I had 7. ________
realized the problem-I hadn’t plugged it in, so now I had to wait 8. ________
until nobody was looking at. When the music started, I heard someone 9. ________
say to my wife, “Your husband’s a genius!” He fixed them!” 10. _______
V. 書(shū)面表達(dá)
一位中學(xué)生在自己班級(jí)就校服問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，下面是對(duì)部分學(xué)生調(diào)查的統(tǒng)計(jì)表，請(qǐng)參照該表寫(xiě)一篇題為 “ Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform” 的報(bào)告。
Groups Opinions Percentage Reasons
A Like 60 1、舒服，顏色不錯(cuò)
2、表明學(xué)生身份、平等、不敢時(shí)髦
B Dislike 30 1、不舒服、顏色單調(diào)
2、式樣不好看，過(guò)時(shí)
3、不能展示個(gè)性
C No idea 10
注意：1. 報(bào)告必須包括表中主要內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使內(nèi)容連貫。
2. 詞數(shù)：100 左右。
3. 參考詞匯：趕時(shí)髦follow the fashion 調(diào)查 survey
[解題指導(dǎo)]
此類(lèi)表格式往往提供兩種以上的情況或觀點(diǎn)，但表達(dá)時(shí)相對(duì)要簡(jiǎn)單得多。因?yàn)橛泻芏嗑涫交鞠嗤�。但考生切記盡量不要采用同一種句式。如：60 % of them say…, 30% of them say… , 10 % of them say… 。這樣顯得單調(diào)乏味，缺乏創(chuàng)意，甚至影響得分。
另外，表格類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)最好能依據(jù)所提供信息類(lèi)別自然形成段落，這樣層次清楚，段落分明，信息相對(duì)集中。同時(shí)也相對(duì)減少了句與句之間的連接所帶來(lái)的困難。如：第一段介紹調(diào)查內(nèi)容和背景； 第二段是贊同意見(jiàn)；第三段是反對(duì)意見(jiàn)；最后是其它情況或總結(jié)概括。
第十三單元
（三）補(bǔ)充練習(xí)
I.
1.transmitted 2. allocating 3.disrupted 4.respond 5.bleeding 6.choked , 7.screamed 8.witnessed 9.meant 10.keep in mind 11.dealing with 12. calm down 13.panicked 14.recommended 15.managed
II.
1. The boys cheered wildly for their football team.
2. When I saw my brother out of his car, I gave him a hug.
3. He didn’t study at home, on the contrary, he went to play football.
4. I don’t know him, I only know about him.
5. When he came from the south, he suffered fever and was taken to hospital.
6. The car hit the tall tree and was upside down.
7. You should keep in mind what the teacher said.
8. The weatherman said that a storm was on the way.
9. Some people throw cigarette ends every where in the forest, which may catch fire.
10. First of all, we should make sure that the electric wire is safe.
（四）練習(xí)與測(cè)試
I . 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10.C
11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. D
II. 1. C 2. B 3.A 4. D 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
11. D 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.C
III. 1.C 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.D
IV.
I always have a difficult time choosing presents, but strange 1. strangely
enough, it didn’t take me long to decide on my wife’s birthday 2. ______
present-I’ll buy her a record player. At the party, she suggested 3. I’d
I unpacked it and put on some records. I set it up but it refused 4. unpack
to work, so I decided to fix it. Soon crowd gathered to watch 5. a
me, and I could hear all sort of “helpful” suggestions like “Try 6. sorts
winding it up!” “The speakers are upside down!” Suddenly I had 7. had
realized the problem-I hadn’t plugged it in, so now I had to wait 8. but
until nobody was looking at. When the music started, I heard someone 9. at
say to my wife, “Your husband’s a genius!” He fixed them!” 10. it
V.
Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform
I did a survey about our school uniform. I asked some of my classmates what they thought about our uniform.
The majority like it. 60% of them say it is very fashionable and the colour is nice. They think it is neat and tidy and a symbol for students. In some students’ opinion, when they wear our uniforms, they feel equal and no need to follow fashion.
On the other hand, 30% of them don’t like the school uniform. They feel it is uncomfortable and the colour is too dull. Some consider it old-fashioned. In the eyes of those students, its style is very simple.
The rest of them have no ideas about it.