2005-2006年度高考復(fù)習(xí)教案 Unit10 Book1A
Unit 10 The world around us
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1. Key words:valuable, reduce, respond, amount, harmful
2. Important phrases: in danger, die out, as a result of, lead to, take measures, adpapt to, devote… to, throw away, make a difference, at present
3. Classic Patterns: without短語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句 / It won’t be …. Before…./ It will be … before….
4. Differences between words and phrases:
1) Common /usual / ordinary / normal
2)no longer/ not… any longer/ no more / not … any more
5. Grammar: direct and indirect speech
6. Communicative phrases:
Reasons and results
Teaching Steps:
Step 1 Have a dictation of the words and expressions.
Step 2 Translate the following sentences with the words and expressions in the text.
Step 3. language points.
1. valuable adj, 。 value 同義詞:expensive, priceless(無價(jià)的) 反義詞:valueless( 不值錢的)
cf. agreeable(使人愉快的),lovable(可愛的), suitable(適當(dāng)?shù)?
2。Reduce vt/vi vt為減少;縮減 reduce air pollution vi為lose weight I’m trying to reduce.
同義詞:decrease 反義詞:increase
3.respond ( to ) vi 回答, 對。。。。。。做出反應(yīng); n. response respond to a question 答復(fù)問題
He responded to my suggestion with a smile.他對我的建議報(bào)以微笑。
She responded quickly to the medicine.他吃完藥后病情很快有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
解題警示
respond為不及物動(dòng)詞,常接介詞to,表示“對……回應(yīng)”。
表示‘‘以……(方式)回答;響應(yīng)”,要用介詞with和by
make no response不回答。
4.a(chǎn)mount n.& vi
(1)n.?dāng)?shù)量,數(shù)額;總數(shù),總額
(2)vi (與介詞to連用)總計(jì);等于
the amount of+n.[u]……的量
a large amount of [u]大量的
large amounts of
the number of+n (pl.)……的數(shù)目
a large number of +n (pl.)大量的
numbers of +n(pl.)
What is the amount of this? 這總共是多少?
Large amounts of money was wasted.大量的金錢被浪費(fèi)掉了。
Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars.他們的旅行花費(fèi)總共是700美元。
解題警示
large amounts of或a large amount of常與不可數(shù)名詞連用。
5.harmful adj有害的。harmful是harm的形容詞。be harmful to sb./sth.表示“對……有害”。
Smoking is harmful to health.吸煙對健康有害。
Freezing winter is harmful to orange trees.冰冷的冬天對橘子樹是有害的。
解題警示:
同義詞:hurtful adj有害的
反義詞:beneficial,harmless adj有益的;無害的
二、重點(diǎn)短語
6. in danger在危險(xiǎn)中;垂危
danger n.危險(xiǎn)
dangerous血彤危險(xiǎn)的
in danger(of...)處于危險(xiǎn)之中;out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn)
The man suddenly realized that he was in danger.
這個(gè)男子突然意識到自己處于危險(xiǎn)之中。
His life was in danger.他生命垂危。
解題警示:
in danger和dangerous
in danger指某人(物)處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)下;dangerous指某人(物/事)是“危險(xiǎn)的”,即可能給他人(物)造成或帶來危險(xiǎn)
7. die out絕種,滅絕;熄滅;(風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等)逐漸消失
die off(家族、種族等)相繼死亡;(草木)先后枯死
die away(聲音、光線、風(fēng)等)漸弱,漸息,平息
die down(火、光線、興奮、暴風(fēng)雨等)漸弱,漸息;(聲音)靜下來
die of指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓、悲傷等
die from指由于外傷、外界原因、粗心、不注意、勞累過度等前死
Scientists said that those plants died out a century ago.
科學(xué)家們說那些植物一個(gè)世紀(jì)前就絕種了。
Many old customs are dying out.許多古老的風(fēng)俗正逐漸消失。
解題警示: ,
die的現(xiàn)在分詞形式為dying.die out不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
8 . as a(the)result of…由于……的原因
as a result結(jié)果,因此
result(vi) from因……而引起
result(vi) in(=cause)導(dǎo)致;致使
He ate some bad fish.As a result,he fell i11.他吃了一些變質(zhì)的魚,結(jié)果生病了。
His failure resulted from his carelessness.他的失敗是粗心造成的。
解題警示:
as a result后接結(jié)果,as a (the) result of接原因。
9.1ead to/lead…to
1ead to sth.導(dǎo)致;造成(=cause)
lead to doing sth.導(dǎo)致做……
lead sb.to+名詞引某人到……
Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.
工作時(shí)間太長而休息不好容易生病。
What led you to the conclusion?是什么使你得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的?
解題警示:
lead to中的to為介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
10.take measures采取措施
【拓展】measure有以下常見用法:
measure n.& v.
(1)[c]計(jì)量單位,措施;[u]尺寸 ‘
(2)執(zhí)測量,計(jì)量;有……的尺寸;斟酌,權(quán)衡,仔細(xì)考慮
與measure構(gòu)成的短語:
make clothes to one's own measure量體裁衣
take measures(to do sth.)采取措施(做……)
take measures against sth.采取措施反對/制止……
解題警示:
measure作“措施,手段”講時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【考題】(2004年天津完形)I realized strength and courage aren't always______in medals and victories,but in the struggles we overcome.
A.measured B.praised C. tested D.increased
A從下文判斷此處為作者認(rèn)識到參賽的真正意義和評價(jià)選手的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),“力量和勇氣不是通過金牌和勝利來衡量的”。
11.adapt to(使)適應(yīng);(使)適合
adapt to sth./sb.適應(yīng)某物/某人
adapt sth./sb.to sth./sb.使某物/某人適應(yīng)某物/某人
adapt oneself to…使自己適應(yīng)某事
adapt from…根據(jù)……改寫/改編
【考題】(2004年朝陽區(qū)統(tǒng)考)The foreigners from Canada adapted themselves_______the hot weather.
A.to B.into C.on D.a(chǎn)bout
A adapt…to...“使……適應(yīng)…””,固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
When he moved to Canada。the children adapted to the change very well
他移居加拿大后孩子們能很好地適應(yīng)變化。 ’
This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original
這部小說已由俄文原著改編成無線電廣播節(jié)目。
解題警示:
adapt與adopt(采納)很容易混淆。
12.devote vt(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身;專心于
oneself
time
devote one's life to (prep) sth 把……用在;把……獻(xiàn)給
money doing sth.把……用在;把……獻(xiàn)給
energy
sb.be devoted to專心致志于;忠于;很喜歡
He is devoted to the study of the language.他專心致志地學(xué)習(xí)語言。
解題警示:
look forward to.be/get used to,stick to,get down to(開始著手做某事),。bject to(反對)以上短語中的to都是介詞,后面只能接n./doing
【考題】(2004年濟(jì)南模擬)It is sleeping late in the morning that_______ being late for work.
A.devotes to B.sticks to C.refers to D.1eads to
Key:D devote oneself to(=be devoted to)獻(xiàn)身于,;stick to堅(jiān)持;referto提及;參考;它們都不合句意。lead to中的to為介詞,該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,即Sleeping late in the morning leads to being late for work的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。
【考題】(2001年上海)Her son,to whom she was so________ went abroad ten years ago.
A.1oved B.cared C.devoted D.a(chǎn)ffected
C 本題考查動(dòng)詞搭配及介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。be devoted to…意為“專心致志于,獻(xiàn)身于,熱愛”,其中to是介詞。判定C選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵是前面to whom中的“to”。句意為:她兒子十年前出國了,她非常愛她的兒子。
13.throw at向……扔去
throw up吐出(食物),嘔吐
throw away扔掉,拋棄;錯(cuò)過;不利用;浪費(fèi)掉,白費(fèi)
Every day.people throw away a l。t。f waste things.每天人們都會扔掉很多垃圾。
解題警示:
許多考生把“嘔吐’’錯(cuò)譯成"throw out(扔掉;拒絕接收)”。
14.a(chǎn)t present=now/at the present time
for the present暫時(shí);眼前
up to/until the present直到現(xiàn)在
三、經(jīng)典句型
15.without短語without air,water and sunlight相當(dāng)于:If there were no air,water and sunlight這個(gè)虛擬條件從句。
當(dāng)虛擬語氣表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“過去式(be的過去式用were)”,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/could/should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。 ..
we human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us。
如果我們周圍沒有植物和動(dòng)物,人類就不能生存。
This kind of animal can live many days without food or water
這種動(dòng)物沒有食物和水也能生存許多天。
We can't live without food and water.我們離開了食物和水不能生存。
解題警示:
在肯定句中,當(dāng)介詞without后有兩個(gè)以上賓語時(shí),賓語間的連詞用or;在否定句中,則用and.
16. It won't be…before...用不了(多長時(shí)間)就會……
It will be…before…得過(多長時(shí)間)才……
It wasn't…before…沒過(多長時(shí)間)就……
It was...before…過了(多長時(shí)間)才……
It won't be long before we meet again.要不了多久我們會再見面的。
It will be three months before I see him one more time.
得過三個(gè)月,我才能再看見他一次。
The house had fallen down before he had time to rush in to save the boy
沒等他有時(shí)間沖進(jìn)房子救那個(gè)孩子,房子就倒了。
解題警示:
從屬連詞before最基本的意思是“在……之前”。但在具體的句子中,譯法多種多樣,可譯為“……才……”;“……就……”;“還沒有……就……”;“沒等……就……”。before引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中不能使用表示將來的will。
四、詞餒辨析
17.common/usual/ordinary/normal
這四個(gè)詞(特別是前三個(gè))有時(shí)有通用的情況,但各自還是有各自的側(cè)重點(diǎn):
common意為“普遍的、常見的、共有的”,具有時(shí)常發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)頻率高、范圍廣的含義; ’
usual意為“通常的、一貫的、平常的”,指在某一地方、某一時(shí)間或某人身上平時(shí)常見的;
ordinary意為“普遍的,平凡的”,主要指人平凡或事物合乎常規(guī),并不特殊,沒有什么突出特點(diǎn);
normal意為“正常的,常規(guī)的”,指在正常范圍之內(nèi)。
解題警示
common強(qiáng)調(diào)“普遍性”和“范圍”,usual強(qiáng)調(diào)“常規(guī)性”,表達(dá)“時(shí)間”方面的概念。
18.no longer/not...a(chǎn)ny longer/no more/not…any more
no longer=not…any longer不再(現(xiàn)在與以前不同)
no more=not…any more二者都有“不再”的含義
解題警示:
在表示“(時(shí)間上、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)上)不再”時(shí),常用no longer,較少使用no more
在表示“(數(shù)量上、動(dòng)作反復(fù)上)不再”時(shí),常用no more.
五、語法要點(diǎn)
19.直接引語和間接引語(復(fù)習(xí))(略)(見第1講和第2講)
六、交際用語
20.原因和結(jié)果(Causes and effects):
Why…? Because/As/Since….
Because of...,I…. If…,then….
As a result of.… It follows that….
It will use…. It will lead to…. ’
一Why didn't you call me last night?你昨天晚上為什么沒給我打電話?
一Because 1 went out.因?yàn)槲页鋈チ恕?/p>
If we don't stop killing the bird.then it will die out soon.
假如我們不停止獵殺這種鳥,那么不久它就會絕種。