Unit 1 Madame Curie
Ⅰ. Teaching aims and demands:
1. Words and phrases
go over, from then on, go by, work hard at, set off, ground floor, post, pay off, disappoint, willing, devote to, overcoat, succeed (in), graduation, endless, effect, shock, admire, determination, courage, have…to do with, in honour of, give off, heart and soul…
2. Daily expressions in communication
Perhaps I’ll go to that one.
Maybe it was useful for some people.
I’m not sure if/whether…
I doubt if he’ll be asked to speak again next year.
I’m not sure that…
I’m sure…
3. Grammar
Revise the Attributive Clause.
4. Language use
運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言，完成教科書(shū)和練習(xí)冊(cè)中規(guī)定的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫(xiě)的任務(wù)；閱讀課文“Madame Curie”,確切理解，讓學(xué)生了解科學(xué)家居里夫婦一生為人類作出的貢獻(xiàn)，引導(dǎo)他們學(xué)習(xí)居里夫婦從事科學(xué)事業(yè)所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的毅力、勇氣和獻(xiàn)身精神，并完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容的練習(xí)。
Ⅱ. Time arrangement:
This unit is going to be finished in 6 teaching periods, including a unit test.
Ⅲ. Key and difficult points of this unit:
1. Grammar: the attributive clause
2. Words and useful expressions
3. Daily expressions in communication
4. Listening and writing practice
Lesson 1
Ⅰ. Teaching aims:
1. Students are required to master the following words and useful expressions:
Madame; disappoint; disappointing; willing; devote to; go over; have…to with;
2. Students are supposed to master and use the everyday English for communication: dialogue presentation.
3.Grammar: revision of attributive clauses (in real- situation dialogues)
4. Language use: Manipulate listening, speaking practice for the students to use the language.
Ⅱ. Teaching aids:
tape recorder; slide show; computer; multimedia education software
Ⅲ. Key points:
1. Dialogue presentation
2. Vocabulary and grammar usage in real-situation dialogues
3. Free dialogue making
4. Learn the expressions of express your ideas.
Ⅳ. Teaching crux:
1. have something to do with ------ have nothing to do with
e.g. What he said and what he did had nothing to do with what had already happened.
You have to prove yourself to be innocent, that is, you had nothing to do with the murder.
2. be willing to do : ----- be eager to do sth , and at same time , he himself likes to do so, with no other’s influence
e.g. I am unwilling to help such a mean person , but now he is really in trouble , I think it my duty to do so .
3. devote…to ( doing )
e.g. . Albert Einstein devoted himself to the study of Relativity.
That person devoted himself to finding the valuable treasure hidden by the Pirates hundreds of years of ago.
Ⅴ. Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Revise the expressions of expressing your ideas. Get the students to give some examples.
(2) Revise giving comments (about a conference).
Step 2. Presentation
SB Page 1, Part 1. Tell the students that we are going to learn a dialogue in which four doctors are having comments on the meeting.
Step 3. Listening
Now listen to the dialogue and find out this information:
① When were the meeting held? (Last week)
② What were meeting about? (Medical conference)
③ How many doctors were there in the dialogue? (Four)
Pick out some students to answer the questions loudly to the rest of the class.
Step 4. Reading and explanations
Now get the students to read the dialogue in pairs and underline the difficulties and the key points that they think.
(1) have something to do with ------ have nothing to do with
e.g. What he said and what he did had nothing to do with what had already happened.
You have to prove yourself to be innocent, that is, you had nothing to do with the murder.
Similarly we have “have nothing/little to do with.
(2) I’m sure that….
I’m not sure whether….
(3) How do you find…? = How do you like…
Step 5. Practice
SB P1, Part 2. Tell the students this part is compiled to practice the expressions of expressing your ideas that your are not sure about something. Get the students to make sentences using the phrases given in the box. Pick up students to yell out their sentences and give some more sentences of expressing your ideas.
Step 6. Consolidation
WB Ex.1, get the students to do this exercise orally to consolidate the sentence pattern of expressing your ideas.
Get some students to read their answers to the rest of the class.
Step 7. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 1, Exx.2 and 3. Get the students to do the exercises individually and then check the answers with the students.
Answers: See Wb P73.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 1 in the workbook.
(2) Look up “Madame Curie” in an encyclopedia or in the web.
Ⅵ. Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 2 Madame Curie (1)
Ⅰ. Teaching aims:
1. After learning the text, the students are required to master the following words and useful expressions:
willing; devote to; go over; have…to with; radium; Poland; overcoat; succeed in; graduation; industrial; uranium; give off; ray; radioactive; mineral; polonium; in honour of; motherland; from then on; go by
2. Revise the grammar: the attributive clause.
3. Get the students to read the text using the following reading skills: skimming and scanning
Ⅱ. Key points: 1.Words and grammar 2. Reading comprehension
Ⅲ. Teaching methods: Reading-practice
Ⅳ. Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of Lesson1.
Step 2. Pre-reading report
Pick out some students to report to the class their research in the encyclopedia or the web.
Step 3. Scanning
Now get the students to read the text and answer the following questions:
① When and where did Madame Curie finish her university study?
② What was the main contribution that Madame Curie did to science?
Step 4. Scanning
Tell the students to read the text more carefully to find out the specific information. Answer the questions in Part 3 and 4. Pick out some students to yell out their answers to the rest of class.
Step 5. Language points
(1) At that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland, so Marie was determined to go to Paris and study there. 當(dāng)時(shí)在波蘭婦女是不允許進(jìn)大學(xué)的，因此，瑪麗決定去巴黎學(xué)習(xí)。
admit vt.接納，許可（人/物）進(jìn)入(allow sb. / sth. to enter)。 例如：
Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.
我們學(xué)校每年只收二百名男女學(xué)生。
My sister was lucky to be admitted to Beijing University.
我的姐姐很幸運(yùn)，被北京大學(xué)錄取了。
She had a bad headache and was admitted to hospital this morning.
她頭疼得很厲害，今天上午（被接收）住院了。
The windows are small and do not admit enough light and air.
窗戶都很小，不能讓足夠的光線和空氣進(jìn)入室內(nèi)。
(2) She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physics two years after arriving in Paris.
到巴黎兩年以后，她順利地取得了一級(jí)物理學(xué)位。
① succeed vi. 成功，獲得成功。succeed 后面常跟 in 引起的短語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成succeed in sth. / doing sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在......方面取得是成功”的意思。succeed in doing sth. 常可以有靈活的譯法（見(jiàn)本句譯文）。例如：
If you do not succeed at first, you must try again.
如果起初沒(méi)有成功，你必須再試一次。
He didn't succeed in his first experiments.
他頭幾次試驗(yàn)都沒(méi)有成功。
Did they succeed in their performances last week?
他們上周的演出成功了嗎？
The Curies succeeded in discovering polonium in 1898.
居里夫婦于1898年成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了釙。
I am sure they will succeed in passing the examination.
我肯定他們會(huì)順利地通過(guò)考試。
② a first-class degree 大學(xué)學(xué)位分三級(jí)。第一級(jí)是最高級(jí)，第三級(jí)是最低級(jí)。
(3) Not long before another scientist had found that uranium gave off rays ...
不久以前，另外有位科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)鈾元素放出射線的現(xiàn)象.....。
① 句中所說(shuō)的 another scientist 系指法國(guó)物理學(xué)家貝克勒爾（Antoine Henri Becquerel,1852-1908）.他從1895年起一直研究磷光現(xiàn)象。1896年發(fā)現(xiàn)鈾的放射性，這是科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中認(rèn)識(shí)放射性的開(kāi)端。貝克勒爾首先發(fā)現(xiàn)放射現(xiàn)象，居里夫婦在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)了釙。因此，1903年，貝克勒爾和居里夫婦一起共獲諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)。
② 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞give off 作“散發(fā)”、 “放出”（to send out sth., especially a liquid, gas or smell）解。例如：
Boiling water gives off steam. 沸騰的水散發(fā)出蒸氣。
The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. 煤氣散發(fā)出一種難聞的氣味。
Let's go out and see the flowers. They're giving off a sweet fragrance.
咱們出去看看花吧�；▋赫l(fā)出一片芳香。
(4) There was a certain mineral which was even more radioactive than uranium.
有一種礦物，它具有放射性甚至比鈾還強(qiáng)。
本句的定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞比較級(jí) more radioactive 前用了副詞 even, 以加強(qiáng)比較的語(yǔ)氣和程度。在比較級(jí)前可以加的這類詞或詞組還有 much, far, still, a lot 等。例如：
This problem is much more difficult than that one.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題比那個(gè)問(wèn)題難得多。
The next day they got to a far bigger forest (than the first one).
第二天，他們來(lái)到一個(gè)大得多的森林。
Let's work harder to win still greater success.
讓我們更加努力以取得更大的成功。
(5) In 1898 she discovered the first of these new radioactive minerals, which she named "polonium" in honour of her motherland - Poland ... 1898年，她現(xiàn)了這些新放射性礦物中的第一種。為向她的祖國(guó)-波蘭表示敬意，她把這種礦物取名為“釙”......。
介詞短語(yǔ) in honour of sb. / sth. 意思是“為了紀(jì)念/尊敬某人/某事”。例如：
A monument was built in honour of their heroic deeds.
為了紀(jì)念他們的英雄事跡，建立了一座紀(jì)念碑。
A memorial meeting was held in honour of Dr Bethune.
為紀(jì)念白求恩醫(yī)生而舉行了悼念會(huì)。
(6) They devoted all their hours to working in their laboratory.
他們把全部時(shí)間投入了實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 devote...to的意思是“專心致志于干某事”(do sth. in a very single-minded way), 短語(yǔ)中的 to 是介詞，后接名詞或 -ing 形式。 例如：
She devoted all her life to scientific work.
她畢生從事科學(xué)工作。
He devoted part of his time to the study of history.
他用一部分時(shí)間研究歷史。
He devoted every effort to helping the disabled people.
他竭盡一切努力幫助殘疾人。
They devoted themselves to the work of children's health care.
他們致力于兒童保健工作。
(7) We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.(=We must work, and first of all we must trust ourselves. ) 我們必須工作，尤其重要的是，我們必須對(duì)自己有信心。
① 句中的 above all 是插入語(yǔ)，意思是“首要的是”(of first importance) 或“尤其是”(most especially)。例如：
This is an important question and, above all, a question of which road to take.
這是一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題，尤其是走什么道路的問(wèn)題。
Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.
任何東西都不可浪費(fèi)，尤其不可浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
② believe in (= have faith in, trust) 信賴，信任；而 believe的意思則是“相信某人的話”。試比較：A: Do you believe him? 你相信他的話嗎？
B: Yes, I do. But still he isn't a man to believe in.
我相信他的話，不過(guò)他還是一個(gè)不能信賴的人。
又如：
To live, one must have something to believe in.
為了生活，人們總得有某種信奉的東西。
(8) We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well, and that, when we discover what this something is, we must work hard at it until we succeed.
我們必須相信，我們每一個(gè)人都能把某件事情辦好；而且，當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這事情是什么的時(shí)候，我們就必須努力干下去，直到成功為止。
① 句子分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是 We must believe ... ，后跟兩個(gè)由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句是 each one of us is able to do something well;第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句又是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中主句是 we must work hard at it, 后跟一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 until we succeed. 另外還有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when we discover ... ,緊接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句 what this something is.
② 不定代詞 something, anything, nothing 前通常不加定語(yǔ)。此句中的 this something是作者的特殊用法，指上文中 to do something well 中的 something。居里夫人思想中的這個(gè)something 是指人們的“生活目標(biāo)”。something, anything, nothing 等詞的定語(yǔ)通常是加在這些詞的后面，如 something new, nothing important, anything else等。
③ work hard at 意思是“為了......而努力工作”。例如：
He is working hard at a maths problem.
他正在用心做一道數(shù)學(xué)題。
You can make rapid progress in your English if you work hard at it.
如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你的英語(yǔ)會(huì)迅速取得進(jìn)步。
(9) She refused to treat these new discoveries as though they belonged to her, ...
= She refused to regard these new discoveries as her own, ...
她不同意把這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)看作是屬于她自己的東西， ......。連詞詞組 as though / if 含義是“好似”，“就好像”，通常接方式狀語(yǔ)從句。 例如：
I remember the story as though/if it happened only yesterday.
我記得這件事的經(jīng)過(guò)，就好像是昨天才發(fā)生似的。
This American girl speaks Chinese as if/though she were a Chinese.
這個(gè)美國(guó)女孩說(shuō)起漢語(yǔ)來(lái)就像中國(guó)人一樣。
They talked as if / though they had been old friends.
他們說(shuō)話的神情好像是老朋友似的。
Step 6. Reading comprehension
SB P3, Part 3. Get the students to mark the sentences with T or F, and then pick out some students to tell their answers to the rest of the class.
Step 7. Discussion
SB P3, Part 4. Divide the students into groups of four and tell them to choose one or two of the seven topics to talk about. After they have finished the topics, get the students to choose one of them to report to the rest of the class.
Step 8. Workbook
Get the students to do the wb exercises individually and then check the answers with the class. Answers: See Wb P74.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 2 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
Ⅴ. Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 3 Madame Curie (2)
I. Teaching objectives (the students are supposed to master the following items and conduct the following practices):
1.Words and useful expressions: motherland; from then on; go by; endless; above all; believe in; work hard at; ground floor; bench; lead; false; set off; cure; disadvantage; effect; shock; post; gram; institute; admire; determination/ courage; battlefield; heart and soul; pay off; debt
2. Grammar: Revise the attributive clause.
3. Reading practice: reading and discussion.
4. Ethic teaching: the students are supposed to learn from Madame Curie of her devotion to science and her love of her motherland.
Ⅱ.Key points: grammar and useful expressions
Ⅲ.Teaching methods: Reading - practice
Ⅳ.Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of the previous lesson.
(3) Revise the sequence of the events that Madame Curie did.
Step 2. Presentation
Tell the students that this lesson will continue to tell something about Madame Curie.
Step 3. Scanning
Tell the students to read the text carefully and answer the questions on Wb P75. Do orally with the class.
Step 4. Language points
Tell the students to read the text and underline the language points. Talk about the language difficulties with the students.
(1) Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb. =... is used to make a nuclear bomb explode. 釙用來(lái)引爆核彈。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 set off 作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思是“出發(fā)”；用及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思是“使爆發(fā)/爆炸”，“引起”。在本句中是后一種用法。又如：
We'd better set off at 7 tomorrow morning.
我們最好明天早晨七點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
An explosion was set off by the burning gas.
燃燒的煤氣引起了爆炸。
A slight touch will set the bomb off.
稍一觸動(dòng)就會(huì)使炸彈爆炸。
Martin's speech set off a wave of anger.
馬丁的演說(shuō)激起了憤怒的浪潮。
(2) Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with because it has a bad effect on the blood.從事放射性物質(zhì)的工作是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)血液有不良影響。
① 本句的主句屬于“主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞+不定式”的句式。類似的句子有：
He is hard to work with. 同他共事是很難的。
I shall be happy to accept your invitation. 我將很高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。
This question is very important to pay attention to.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要，須得注意。
She's always ready to help others. 她總是樂(lè)于幫助別人。
② have effect on 對(duì)......產(chǎn)生影響。例如：
Loud noises have a bad effect on hearing.
噪音對(duì)聽(tīng)力有很壞的影響。
The sudden change of weather may have some effect on his health.
天氣突然變化對(duì)他的健康可能有影響。
His family life had a bad effect on the boy's behaviour.
家庭生活對(duì)這個(gè)男孩的行為有很壞的影響。
(3) In fact, radium not only damaged their health but also made the laboratory equipment with which they were working radioactive. (= In fact, radium not only harmed their health, but also caused their laboratory equipment to become radioactive.)
事實(shí)上，鐳不僅損害了他們的健康，而且還使他們工作用的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備也都具有放射性了。
第二個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ) made the laboratory equipment radioactive 是一個(gè)“make + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”的結(jié)構(gòu)。本句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是形容詞 radioactive,表示賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。本句的賓語(yǔ) laboratory equipment 后面有一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句 with which they were working, 說(shuō)明“他們所用以工作的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備”也具有放射性。
例如：
Disney's new ideas made his movies more lively and interesting.
迪斯尼的新設(shè)想使他的影片更加生動(dòng)有趣了。
They are trying to make things easy and comfortable.
他們盡力使事情變得輕松而又愉快。
Long years of research made her almost blind.
多年的研究工作使她幾乎失明了。
Step 5. Writing
SB P4, Part 2, Fill in the gaps with a appropriate word and then pick out an eloquent student to read to the class. Check the answers if they have any questions.
Step 6. Practice---- grammar revision
SB P5, Part 3~5, Tell the students to do the exercises about the attributive clause in groups and then get a reporter to report to the rest of the class.
Step 7. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 3, Ex. 2~3. Get the students to do the three exercises and then check the answers with the students if time permits.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 3 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the grammar of attributive clause.
(3) Ethic teaching: Discussion ---- What can we learn from Madame Curie?
Ⅴ. Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 4
Ⅰ. Teaching aims and demands
1. Provide the chance for students to have a listening practice
2. Revise the grammar with the students: -ing form used as attribute and adverbial.
3. The students are required to practice the words and useful expressions in Checkpoint
Ⅱ. Key points: 1. Grammar; 2. Listening 3. Useful expressions.
Ⅲ. Teaching methods: Listening - practice
Ⅳ. Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the previous two lessons.
Step 2. Listening
(1) Pre-listening: Tell the students turn to Page 133 and read the instructions to get a gist of the listening passage.
(2) While-listening:
① Play the tape for the students to answer the questions.
② Check the answers with the students.
(3) Post listening activity: get the students to talk about the listening passage.
Step 3. Checkpoints
Go through Checkpoint 1 with the students. Get the students to make up sentences using the useful expressions if time permits.
Step 4. Word study
SB P6, Part 2. Read the instructions and get students to fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. Check the answers with the students after they finish them.
Step 5. Writing
SB P6, Part 3. Read the instructions and tell the students to develop a paragraph by completing the notes from the text. Assign the work as their homework.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 4. Ex. 1~3. Get the students to do the two exercises and then check the answers with the students.
Homework
(1) Finish off the wb exercises of Lesson 4.
(2) Revise the key points of this unit.
(3) Writing: See Step 5.
Ⅴ. Evaluation of teaching:
本單元語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)小結(jié)：
1.be sure和doubt用于對(duì)事物確信與不確信的表達(dá)。
①be(not) sure+賓語(yǔ)從句句型，從句可以由whether, if, that, what, when, where等 連接詞，連接代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)。
We are not sure when they will visit us.
我們不知他們何時(shí)來(lái)拜訪我們。
②be not sure+連接代詞或連接副詞+to do sth 句型，一般用否定式或疑問(wèn)式。
I am not sure whether to go to that speech.
我不知是否會(huì)去聽(tīng)那個(gè)演講。
③be sure to do sth 句型表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)主語(yǔ)的推測(cè)判斷。
You are sure to work out to problem.
你一定會(huì)解出這道題。
The job is sure to be finished.
這項(xiàng)工作一定會(huì)完成。
④be sure about/of+名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等。
Most students are not sure about English grammar.
大多數(shù)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法沒(méi)有把握。
He is sure of passing the driving test.
他對(duì)通過(guò)駕駛測(cè)試有把握。
⑤doubt與don't doubt可以接名詞、代詞等作賓語(yǔ)，也可以接賓語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)。
I don't doubt the truth of the news.
我不懷疑那條新聞的真實(shí)性。
I doubt whether they told him the bad news.
我不知道他們是否告訴了他那不幸的消息。
2.副詞off表示“離開(kāi)”或“動(dòng)作的完成”動(dòng)詞與其搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)可以聯(lián)系記憶。
set off:出發(fā)，使…爆發(fā) pay off：還清
give off:放出(煙、氣味等) get off：下車
see sb off：送行 ring off：掛斷電話
take off：脫掉衣物等 turn off.關(guān)掉(電源)等。
3.believe in sth 信仰某事；believe in sb 信任某人；believe sb 相信某人的話。
Most Chinese never believe in God.
絕大多數(shù)中國(guó)人不信仰上帝。
I don't believe him, for he seldom tells the truth.
我不相信他說(shuō)的話，因?yàn)樗苌僦v真話。
Our monitor does well in everything, so we all believe in him.我們的班長(zhǎng)在各方面都表現(xiàn)好，因此我們都信任他。
4.succeed in sth/doing sth. 在…取得成功。
be successful in sth 在…成功了。
success 作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，可表示“成功的人或事”。
He hopes to succeed in everything, but he is successful in nothing.He is not a su ccess.
他希望事事成功，但是他卻一事無(wú)成，他是一個(gè)失敗者。
5.have something (nothing) to do with 表示與其它事物的關(guān)系
be connected with 既可表示與其它事物的關(guān)系，也可表示事物在位置上相連接。
The young man has nothing to do with the traffic accident.
那個(gè)年青人與那起交通事故無(wú)關(guān)。
Asia is connected with Africa at the Suez Canal.
亞洲與非洲在蘇伊士運(yùn)河相連。
He is not connected with the Smiths.
他與史密斯家族毫無(wú)關(guān)系。
6.heart and soul 名詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其它常見(jiàn)的作狀語(yǔ)的名詞有表示時(shí)間、距離、重量等的數(shù)量詞。
We should do everything heart and soul.
我們做一切事都應(yīng)該全心全意。
We have worked five hours.
我們工作了五個(gè)小時(shí)。
He walked three kilometres yesterday.
他昨天走了三公里。
The box weighs five kilogrammes.
那個(gè)盒子重五公斤。
7.動(dòng)詞+介詞 to 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，不要把to誤認(rèn)為是不定式符號(hào).
devote…to 獻(xiàn)身于… prefer … to … 寧愿…而不
stick to 堅(jiān)持 lead to 導(dǎo)致、通向
pay attention to 注意 be/get used to 習(xí)慣于
help oneself to 隨便…