Unit 11 Planting trees
一．教學目標
3.句型:
1)Make sure that it is straight.
2)Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight.
3)The ground must be just right---neither too wet nor too dry.
4)It’s best to plant trees in spring.
5)It’s ten metres long/wide/deep/high.
6)There are twenty more trees to be planted.
4.日常用語:
1)Will you help me plant this tree,please?
Of course. What do you want me to do?
2)Is it straight? More or less>
3)That’s done. What’s the next?
4)The more, the better.
二．教學重點
1.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
2.neither…nor; stop…from doing sth; 等
3.部分日常用語
三．教學難點
含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
四．重點難點講解
1．_ neither too wet nor too dry. 既不要太潮濕也不要太干燥。
both 和neither
1)both表示“兩者都”，即指兩個人或物，是復數(shù)概念；neither“兩這種無一”，也指人或物，然而是單數(shù)概念。因此，both修飾復數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù)形式；neither修飾單數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：
Both answers are right. 兩個答案都對。
Neither answer is right. 兩個答案無一是對的。
（第二句是第一句的全否定形式。它的不完全否定形式是這樣的，
Both answers are not right. 兩個答案并不都對。）
I like both of them. 他們兩個我都喜歡。
I like neither of them. 他們兩個我都不喜歡。
（如果數(shù)量是三個或三個以上，則肯定句用all,否定句用none。如：
All of them are interested in it. 他們對此都感性趣。
None of them are(is) interested in it. 他們對此都不感性趣。
2）both…and…和neither…nor…可以連接兩個并列成分，即兩個主語，謂語，賓語或其他并列成份。如：
She can both sing and dance. 她既會唱歌又會跳舞。
She can neither sing nor dance. 她既不會唱歌又不會跳舞。
Both Tom and John are from Britain. Tom 和John都是英國人。
Neither Tom nor John is from Britain. Tom和John 都不是英國人。
（both…and…連接兩個主語時，后面謂語用復數(shù)。而neither…nor…連接兩個主語時，后面 謂語必須與nor后面的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。如：
Neither Jack nor his parents are interested in the girl.
Jack和他的父母對那個女孩都不感興趣。
2．happen to sb./sth.
表示某人或某件事情發(fā)生了什么情況。很多時候表示一種偶然性。
happen的主語一般是疑問代詞what ，不定代詞something, anything, nothing ,以及某些表示消極意義的名詞。
happen是不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。
Happen總是和介詞to搭配。如：
1)What has happened to Mary? She isn’t here yet.
Mary出了什么事？她現(xiàn)在還沒到。
2）If anything happens to the machine ,please let me know.
如果機器出了什么毛病，請通知我。
3）The accident happened to him at three this afternoon.
他出事是在今天下午三點半。
3．… about a third was… 大約三分之一是…….
分數(shù)的表達法
分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。如果分子是二或二以上的數(shù)，分母加-s.如：
one-third 三分之一
two-thirds 三分之二
分數(shù)作主語，謂語的單復數(shù)取決于它所代表的量是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。如：
Three-fourths(Three quarters)of the students of our school are boys.
我們學校四分之三的學生是男生。
Three quarters of the work has been done.
工作的四分之三已經(jīng)完成。
4．hundred和hundreds of
hundred前面可以用表示具體概念的數(shù)詞來修飾。而hundreds of表示“多”， “數(shù)以……計”，前面不可一家表示具體概念的數(shù)詞。如：
There are two hundred students in our grade. 我們年級右二百個學生。
Several millions of trees are planted in our country every year.
我國每年將種植好幾百萬棵樹。
5．Stop…from doing
stop sb. /sth. from doing sth.是“阻止……不作某事”，介詞from可以省略。如：
We must stop him (from) doing such a foolish thing.
我們必須阻止他不讓他作這樣的蠢事。
They tried to stop such a thing (from) happening.
他們向阻止這樣的事情發(fā)生。
6．stop to do和stop doing
stop to do的意思是“停下來做事情”，不定式做狀語。
stop doing的意思是“停止做事情”。如：
They stopped to talk to me. 他們停下來和我講話。
Stop running about! 不要亂跑。
7．the more, the better越多越好。
前一分句表示假設，條件，時間等，后一分句表示結果。如；
The more you read, the more you will get. 你讀的越多，得到的也就越多。
The farther he walked, the stranger he felt. 她越往前走，越感到奇怪。
8．thanks to … “多虧了……”,“由于……幫助“。如：
Thanks to the English language, we can learn a lot from English-speaking countries.
由于英語這門語言的幫助，我們能夠向說英語的國家學到許多東西。
I’ve passed the exams thanks to my teachers. 多虧了我的老師，我通過了這次考試。
9．不定式作定語
1）I have a lot to do today. 我今天有許多事情要做。（a lot是do的邏輯賓語）
2）I have three letters to write this evening. 今晚我有三封信要寫。
3）She is a nice person to work with. 她是一個很好共事的人。
4）Let’s find a room to put these things in. 我們找個房間把這些東西放在里邊。
（前兩個例句的不定式是及物動詞，后兩個例句的不定式時不及物動詞，它后面就應加上必要的介詞。）
10….as often as possible 盡可能常……
as soon as possible 盡可能地快
as far as possible 盡可能地遠些
11．Today, too many trees are still being cut down in the USA.
今天在美國人有大量樹木繼續(xù)被砍伐。
Be + being + 過去分詞是現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，表示“正在被……” 如：
The silk is being produced by the factory. 這個工廠正在生產(chǎn)絲綢。
12．The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometers long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometer wide.
這綠色長城長為7，000公里，款再次00指，700公里之間。
表示計量的方法是：數(shù)詞+ meters/ kilometers + long/wide/deep/high/tall…
表示重量可用數(shù)詞+ kilograms +heavy 如：
The class room is 4 meters wide. 這個教室有4米寬。
The river is about 10 metes deep. 這條河有10米寬。
13．There are twenty more trees to be planted!
還有20可樹要種呢！
to be planted是動詞不定式的被動式，作明詞trees的定語。動詞不定式作定語時，通常放在被修飾名詞之后。如：
We have a lot of food to eat. 我們有許多食物可吃。
I have many books to read. 我有許多書要看。
同步測試
一.用所給詞的適當形式填空
1.Come to school in ______ old clothes tomorrow. (you)
2.About half of the USA was ____ by forests. (cover)
3.The more, the ___- .(good)
4.People have planted a large number of trees in the _____ part of China. (north)
5.The old farmer is _______ his horse to the tree. (tie)
6.More vegetables should be ______ in the village. (grow)
7.The river is ten meters _____ than that one. (deep)
8.Grandpa _____ flowers every morning. (water)
9.The railway is ____ of kilometers long. (million)
10.Look. How _____ the little girl is dancing! (wonderful)
(1.your 2.covered 3.better 4.northern 5.tying 6.grown 7.deeper 8.waters 9.milliona 10.wonderfully)
二.選擇填空
or, away, knock, take, so that, make sure, save, build, copy. push
1.How far ___ is Australia from China?
2.____ that you will be free next Sunday.
3.China does not want _____ the USA’s example.
4.Great Green Walls must ____ all over the world.
5.The Great Green Wall has already ______ a lot of farmland.
6.Trees should _____ good care of.
7.Go to bed early ______ you can get up early tomorrow morning.
8.I _____ a stick into the earth at that time.
9.Work harder _____ you won’t pass the exam.
10.______the earth down hard with your foot several times.
(1.away 2.Make sure 3.to copy 4.be built 5.saved 6.be taken 7.so that 8.was knocking 9.or 10.Push)
三.閱讀短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇適當?shù)拇鸢?/p>
The Indians breathe thin air. The air goes up for thousands of miles. The higher the air goes up, the thinner it gets. Thin air is hard to breathe.
People who go up into high mountains often get dizzy. Breathing the thin air makes them dizzy.
A man is flaying more than 15,ooo feet above the sea. The air is very thin. Is the man dizzy? No. He is breathing oxygen from a tank.
In south America, Indians live far up on the mountains. Their homes are more than 15,000 feet above the sea. The Indians are not breathing oxygen from a tank. But they do not get dizzy. They have lived in these mountains all their lives. Their lungs have changed. They have become large. The large lungs help the Indians breathe the thin air.
Sometimes the Indians go down to the low country, People living down there feel fine. But the Indians feel sick.
( )1.What does the sentence “The higher the air goes up, the thinner it gets.”mean?
A. It means that you can get thin air when you are tall enough.
B. It means that the air in a high place is as thin as that in a low place.
C. It means that the air welcomes thinner in a higher place.
( )2.Why so people often get dizzy when they go up ;into high mountains?
A. Because they are too tired./
B. Because there is less oxygen in the air.
C. Because their lungs becomes smaller.
( )3.Mountain Indians can breathe thin air because______.
A. they have larger lungs than common people.
B.they need less oxygen than common people.
C. they are much stronger than common people
( )4.From the passage we know_____.
A. it is hard for all the people to breathe thin air.
B. it is hard for Indians to breathe thin air.
C. it is hard for those who live in lower places to breathe thin air.
( )5.The main idea of this passage is _______.
A. People get used to the air where they live
B. Air is very important
C. The Indians who live in high mountains.
(CBACA)