1.能說What a great progress!嗎?例題
___great progress he has made!
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選D,誤認(rèn)為progress是可數(shù)名詞。此題命題者主要考察了兩個(gè)方面的問題:一是感嘆句句型;二是名詞progress的可數(shù)性。
感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
1)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!
2)What+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語。ㄖ髡Z為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)形式,其前不用a/an)
英語中除了像air,water,milk,iron等這些中國(guó)人一目了然的不可數(shù)名詞外,還有一些不可數(shù)名詞很容易弄錯(cuò)。其中典型的有:work(工作),news(消息),luck(運(yùn)氣),fun(有趣的事),home-work(家庭作業(yè)),advice(勸告、建議),harm(損害、傷害),progress(進(jìn)步),information(信息、消息),weather(天氣),wealth(財(cái)富),furniture(家俱),luggage/baggage(行李),等。注意以下正誤句型:
誤:I wish you a good luck. 正:I wish you good luck.祝你好運(yùn)。
誤:It's a great fun for us to be with her.
正:It's great fun for us to be with her.
誤:He gave us some advices. 正:He gave us some advice.
2.名詞work的三種用法
-Where does Mr Smith work?-He works in a glass_____ around here.
A.work B.works C.working D.workes
此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選C,誤認(rèn)為:因?yàn)槠淝坝昧瞬欢ü谠~a,所以不能選work(因?yàn)椴豢蓴?shù))和works(因?yàn)槭菑?fù)數(shù)),D顯然是錯(cuò)的。這里work有三個(gè)意思很容易弄混:
1.表示“工作”是不可數(shù)名詞:
He has too much work to do.他要做的工作太多。
2.表示“著作”或“作品”是可數(shù)名詞,但多用復(fù)數(shù):
The man gained his wealth by printing words off amous writers.他通過印刷著名作家的作品而贏得他的財(cái)富。
3.表示“工廠”只用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可表示單數(shù)意義:
The glass works is[are]near the station.玻璃工廠在車站附近。
類似地注意以下各名詞因變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,而導(dǎo)致含義有變化:
green 綠色 greens 青菜,蔬菜 wood 木頭,木材
woods 小樹林 manner 方式,方法 manners 禮貌
arm 臂 arms武器 water 水
waters河川,海,溫泉spirit 精神 spirits 心境 quarter 四分之一
quarters 軍營(yíng) custom 習(xí)慣 customs 關(guān)稅 force 力氣
forces 軍隊(duì)
3.可以說Two teas,please嗎
-Can I help you?-____,please.
A.Two teas B.Two cups of teas C.Two cup teas D.Two cup of tea
此題應(yīng)選A。其余幾項(xiàng)都容易被誤選。要做好此題,先要弄清tea的兩種用法:
1.表示“茶”,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù):
I don't like to drink tea.我不喜歡喝茶。Would you like a cup of tea?要喝杯茶嗎?
2.在口語中可以表示“一杯茶”,是可數(shù)名詞;
-What can I do for you?你要吃點(diǎn)什么?-Two teas,please.請(qǐng)來兩杯茶。
但是值得注意的是,雖然以上兩種用法都可以,但千萬不要將這兩種用法混雜在一起。如可以說two teas,也可以說two cupsof tea,但是不能說two cups of teas。
具有類似用法的詞還有coffee(咖啡):
1.表示“咖啡”,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù):
I prefer tea to coffee.我喜歡喝茶不喜歡喝咖啡。
He served us with two cups of coffee.他用兩杯咖啡招待我們。
2.在口語中可以表示“一杯咖啡”,是可數(shù)名詞:
-Can I help you?你要點(diǎn)什么?
-Two coffees,please.請(qǐng)來兩杯咖啡。
同時(shí)也要注意不要將以上兩種用法混在一起。如可以說two coffees,也可以說two cups of coffee,但是絕對(duì)不能說two cups of coffees。
4.hair用不用-s差別很大
a.He must be very old.Look,he has grey _____.
b.He found some___ in his soup.
A.hair,hair B.hairs,hairs.C.hair,hairs D.hairs,hair.
此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選A,誤認(rèn)為hair永遠(yuǎn)不可數(shù)。其實(shí)hair這個(gè)詞既可以是可數(shù)的,也可以是不可數(shù),只是含義稍有變化:
1.作為可數(shù)名詞,是指一根一根的“頭發(fā)”或“毛發(fā)”:
Look at this,a hair in my soup.你瞧,我的湯里有根頭發(fā)。
The cat has left her loose hairs all over my clothes.貓掉的毛弄得我衣服上到處都是。
My father has quite a few gray hairs.我父親已有不少白發(fā)。
There is not a gray hair on his head.他頭上沒有一根白頭發(fā)。
2.作為不可數(shù)名詞是“頭發(fā)”的總稱,是集合名詞:
I'll have my hair cut.我要去理發(fā)。He has blond hair.他有一頭金發(fā)。
She has a beautiful head of hair.她有一頭漂亮的頭發(fā)。
The woman likes to do her hair in foreign style.這個(gè)女人喜歡把頭發(fā)梳成外國(guó)式。
試比較以下句子:
He has grey hair.他滿頭白發(fā)。He has grey hairs.他有些白發(fā)了。
5.你會(huì)用dozen,score,hundred,thousand,mil lion嗎
I want three_____ these eggs.
A.dozen B.dozens C.dozen of D.dozens of
此題涉及兩個(gè)方面的問題:一是dozen是否加詞尾-s,二是其后是否接介詞of。由于在這個(gè)問題上dozen與score,hundred,thousand,million極為相似,所以這里將它們放在一起敘述:
1)當(dāng)這些詞與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不后接介詞of(盡管有人認(rèn)為score/dozen之后有時(shí)可接of,但慣用法認(rèn)為,省略of常見):three hundred students 300名學(xué)生/three score(of)eggs 60只雞蛋
2)當(dāng)這些詞不與具體數(shù)字連用,而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù),則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而且要后接介詞of,然后才能后接名詞:thousands of students數(shù)千名學(xué)生/dozens of times幾十次/mil-lions of years ago數(shù)百萬年前
3)當(dāng)這些詞與a few,several,many等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí),用不用復(fù)數(shù)形式均可,但是注意:不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后的介詞of可以省略;用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后介詞of不能省略:several dozen(of) pencils/several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆
4)當(dāng)這些詞后面的名詞有了the,these,those等特指限定詞修飾時(shí),或其后接的是us,them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí),則此時(shí)必須用介詞of:two hundred of the workers這些工人中的200人 /threedozen of these eggs這些雞蛋中的3打/four dozen of them它們中的4打
通過以上分析:此題答案顯然只能是C。
6.容易弄錯(cuò)的集合名詞
It is reported that a great number of ______died in the drought.
A.cattles B.polices C.peoples D.poultry
此題應(yīng)選D。其余幾項(xiàng)均可能被誤選。此題主要涉及集合名詞的用法,下面將集合名詞的有關(guān)用法作一歸納:
Ⅰ類:這一類包括cattle(牛),people(人),police(警察),poul-try(家禽)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:只有單數(shù)形式,但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語通常也用復(fù)數(shù);不與a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指):The police are looking for him.People will laugh at you.
Ⅱ類:這一類包括family(家庭),team(隊(duì)),class(班),audience(聽眾)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個(gè)體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較:
This class consists of 45 pupils.這個(gè)班由45個(gè)學(xué)生組成。
This class are studying English now.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語。
Ⅲ類:這一類包括baggage/luggage(行李), clothing(衣服),furniture(家俱),machinery(機(jī)器)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,要用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式:
Our clothing protects us from[against] the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?
7.means用法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
Every possible means_____ been tried,and wefind only______ this means can we do it well.
A.have,in B.have,by C.has,in D.has,by
此題應(yīng)選D。其余幾項(xiàng)均容易被誤選。這里主要涉及名詞means(方式,方法,手段)的用法與搭配:
1.單復(fù)數(shù)同形(永遠(yuǎn)有詞尾-s)。若用作主語,其謂語的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來確定。比較:
1)All possible means have been tried.2)Every possible means has been tried.
若句意不能明確地表明主語的單復(fù)數(shù),其謂語則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可:
Is [Are] there any other means of doing it?做這事還有其它的什么辦法嗎?
2.表示以某種方式、方法或手段,用介詞by:
Only by this means can you do it well.只有通過這種辦法你才能做好此事。
有時(shí)用by means of,意為:用,依靠:
Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想靠語言來表達(dá)。
3.表示做某事的方法或手段,多接“of+(動(dòng))名詞”:
But they had no means of cooking them.但是他們沒有辦法來把它們煮熟。
Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there.去那兒最快的辦法是坐飛機(jī)。
8.能說I'm good friends with him嗎
-Jim,are you _______of his?-Yes,I'm______ with him.
A.a(chǎn) good friend,a good friend B.good friends,good friends
C.a(chǎn) good friend,good friends D.good friends,a good friend
此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選A。
第一句應(yīng)填a good friend,這對(duì)于一般考生來說可能不成問題,因?yàn)榇蠹冶容^熟悉這樣的句型:
I'm a good friend of hers.我是她的一位好朋友。
He's a good friend of mine.他是我的一位好朋友。
第二句應(yīng)填good friends,這則是許多考生不理解的地方,因?yàn)榇司渲髡Z明顯是單數(shù),而后面的表語又怎么能用復(fù)數(shù)呢?按照英美人的看法:兩個(gè)人交朋友,關(guān)系是彼此的,即你是我的朋友,那我就是你的朋友,所以他們?cè)谶@類表達(dá)中用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。又如:
He has made friends with her.他已與她交上朋友。
Do you want to make friends with him?你想跟他交朋友嗎?
類似地,以下各表達(dá)中,也要用復(fù)數(shù):
He stood up and shook hands with us.他站起來與我們握手。
You have to change trains at Wuhan.你必須在武漢轉(zhuǎn)車。
The teacher didn't let the two boys change seats.老師沒有讓這兩個(gè)小男孩換座位。