高一英語(yǔ)課外輔導(dǎo)資料 Unit 18 New Zealand
本單元重點(diǎn)單詞
description n. 描述 region n. 地區(qū) surround v. 環(huán)繞
climate n. 氣候 subtropical n. 亞熱帶 volcano n. 火山
narrow adj. 狹窄的 sign v. & n. 簽字；跡象 celebrate v. 慶祝
temperature n. 溫度 symbol n. 象征 desert n. 沙漠
quality n. 質(zhì)量
本單元重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
lie to 位于…… be made up of 由……組成 be surrounded by 被……環(huán)繞
be famous for 因……聞名 such as 例如 take possession of 擁有……
refer to 參考；所指 in relation to 與……有關(guān) be marked with 標(biāo)有……記號(hào)
compare…to…把……比作 stand for 代表 make up 占據(jù)空間
plenty of 大量；許多 be native to 原產(chǎn)于…… be careful in （在某方面）仔細(xì)
prepare for … 為……作準(zhǔn)備
單詞及短語(yǔ)運(yùn)用
一、 用所給單詞提示填空
1．lie
【用法一】vi. 平躺（不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞為lay，lain）
例如：lie on one's back/side仰/側(cè)臥
【用法二】v. 展現(xiàn)，伸展
例如：A bright future lies ahead. 前途是光明的。
【用法三】v. 位于
例1：London _________ the River Thames. 倫敦位于泰晤士河畔。
例2：____________ a temple at the foot of the mountain. 山腳下有一座廟。
【用法四】v. & n. 說謊（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞）
例1：You ____________ him! 你在對(duì)他說謊！
例2：They said she ____________ everyone. 他們說她對(duì)任何人都說謊。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1）lie down 躺下
例如：__________________________. 去躺一會(huì)兒。
2）lie in 在于
例如：The answer __________ two facts. 答案在于兩個(gè)事實(shí)。
3）lie on 依賴，壓迫，取決于
例如：It _____________ us to accomplish the task. 完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是我們的責(zé)任。
4）lie up 臥床休息
例如：You'd better ___________ for a few more days. 你最好再多休息幾天。
5）lie有時(shí)后面跟形容詞，表示所處狀態(tài)。
例如：The book____________on the table. 那本書打開著，放在桌子上。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
1）lay v. （laid，laid）放、擱；產(chǎn)卵、下蛋
例1：He _________the book on the table and left. 他把書放在桌上就走了。
例2：The hens ________ten eggs every day. 這些母雞每天下十個(gè)蛋。
2）liar n. 撒謊者
例如：A liar is not believed when he tells the truth. 說慣假話的人說真話時(shí)也沒有人會(huì)相信。
2．some
【用法一】adj. 一些，若干，幾個(gè)（可以修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）
例1：Please bring _____________ without sugar. 請(qǐng)來點(diǎn)兒不加糖的咖啡。
例2：Ask ___________ to help you. 叫幾個(gè)男孩幫幫你。
【用法二】adj. （修飾單數(shù)名詞）某個(gè)（人或物）= a certain
例1：There must be ________________. 準(zhǔn)是出了什么差錯(cuò)。
例2：I suggested to Red that we should go to ________. 我向瑞得建議我們?cè)撊フ覀�(gè)旅店。
【用法三】pron. 一些
例如：______________ can be cut each year for firewood. 一些樹每年可以被砍作柴火。
【用法四】adv. 大約，與about同義
例如：It happened ____________________. 這件事大約發(fā)生在三十年前。
【相關(guān)鏈接1】
some more 再來一點(diǎn)，更多 Would you like_______________beer?
【相關(guān)鏈接2】
somebody/someone 某人，有人 something 某事，某物
sometimes 有時(shí) somewhere 在某處
3．surprising
【用法】adj. 令人驚奇的
例1：What you have just told me is very _____________ 你剛才告訴我的事真讓人吃驚。
例2：Is there ___________________________? I don't think so.
有關(guān)這事有什么讓人吃驚的？我認(rèn)為沒有。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
surprising和surprised的區(qū)別：surprising和surprised都是由surprise派生來的形容詞，但surprised是“吃驚的”，“感到驚奇的”。
例如：He didn't notice the surprised look on her face. 他沒有注意到她臉上吃驚的表情。
4．majority
【用法】n. 大多數(shù)（常和the連用）
例如：The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the are.
注意：majority 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，其反義詞是minority。
5．share
【用法一】v. 合用，分享
例1：We _________ a small room between us. 我們倆共用一個(gè)小房間。
例2：She never shared any of her husband's worries. 她從不分擔(dān)丈夫的任何憂愁。
【用法二】v. 分配，均分
例3：Mother is __________ the cakes to make sure that every boy gets some.
【用法二】n. 分得的一份，應(yīng)承受的一份
例1：You have had _________________ of this apple-pie. 你吃的蘋果派比你應(yīng)得的分量多。
例2：You must ___________________________. 你必須接受批評(píng)。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
take one's share 盡自己的一份責(zé)任
6．ship
【用法一】n. 大船
例如：They are making a ship. 他們?cè)谠煲凰掖蟠?/p>
【用法二】v. 用輪船運(yùn)送
例如：我正乘飛機(jī)去美國(guó)，而我的汽車用船運(yùn)到美國(guó)。
I'm flying to America but my car is being ___________.
【相關(guān)鏈接1】by ship 坐船 They went by ship to New York. 他們乘船去了紐約。
【相關(guān)鏈接2】warship 戰(zhàn)船 spaceship宇宙飛船 steamship輪船
shipbuilding造船業(yè) shipyard造船廠
（二）重要詞組
1．make up
make up 創(chuàng)造，編造；和解；彌補(bǔ)；化裝；構(gòu)成
例1：The teacher asked the children to ___________ a poem about Christmas.
例2：瑪麗和瓊吵架，但過了一會(huì)兒就和好了。
Mary and Joan quarreled, but ___________ after a while.
例3：John must ____________ the lessons he missed.
例4：我們到的時(shí)候，演員們正在化裝。The actors were ___________ when we arrived.
例5：九個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員組成一個(gè)隊(duì)。Nine players ______________ a team.
注意：用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，和of連用。
例如：這是由三個(gè)不同的部分組成的。This __________________three different parts.
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1）be made of 由……制成（從成品中可看得出原料）
例如：這座橋是鋼材造的。The bridge _____________________.
2）be made from 由……制成（從成品中看不出原料）
例如：鋼材是由鐵煉成的。Steel _______________ iron.
3）make up one's mind 打定主意，決定
例如：我決定到他那里去。I _________________________ to go to him.
4）make up for 彌補(bǔ)
例如：勤奮能補(bǔ)拙。Hard work can often __________________ a lack of intelligence.
5）be made up of 由……組成/構(gòu)成
例如：這支流動(dòng)醫(yī)療隊(duì)由十位醫(yī)生組成。The mobile medical team _________ of ten doctors.
7）be made into 被制成……
例如：玻璃制成瓶子。Glass _____________bottles.
8）be made in 在……地方制造
例如：你的車是上海產(chǎn)的嗎？___________________________________?
2．the same…as 和……一樣
例1：他和飛利普年齡差不多一樣大。He was about __________________Philip.
例2：她和他的感覺一樣。She felt __________________ he did.
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1）just the same 同樣地，照樣
例如：It won't make any difference to you. I'll pay for the lessons just the same.
對(duì)你不會(huì)有所不同，我還是照付功課錢。
2）the same to you 祝你也是如此
例如：Happy New Year! 新年快樂！
Thank you. The same to you! 謝謝！也祝你愉快！
3）all the same 盡管如此，仍然
例如：He gave us a lot of trouble, but I like him all the same.
盡管他給我們?nèi)橇撕芏嗦闊�，可我還是喜歡他。
4）at the same time 同時(shí)
例如：I know he is untruthful. But, at the same time, I must admit he is a good worker.
我知道他不誠(chéng)實(shí)，但我同時(shí)必須承認(rèn)他是個(gè)好工人。
3．be famous for 因……而著名
例如：蘇格蘭有許多湖泊和山脈，并以其鄉(xiāng)村美景著稱。
Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and ______________ its beautiful countryside.
【相關(guān)鏈接】
be famous as 作為……而著名
例如：She is famous as a writer. 她作為作家而聞名。
4．take possession of 奪取，占有，占領(lǐng)
例如：警察奪過那個(gè)小偷的袋子。The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1）have possession of 占有，擁有
例如：He _______________________ the house for ten years.他占有這棟房子已經(jīng)十年了。
2）in possession of 占有，擁有，持有
例如：Who ____________________ the property? 誰擁有這筆財(cái)產(chǎn)？
3）in one's possession = in the possession of sb. 在某人手中，由某人掌管，為某人所擁有
例如：The keys are_____________________. 鑰匙歸他管。
5．refer to
refer to 查閱，參閱；指……而言；適用于；提到，談到
例1：A person _______ a dictionary to find the meaning of words. 一個(gè)人要查字典找字意。
例2：When I said some people were stupid I wasn't ______________ you.
例3：This rule ____________ everyone. 這條規(guī)則適用于任何人。
例4：The speaker ___________his past experiences. 發(fā)言人提到了自己過去的經(jīng)歷。
6．compare … with
compare…with 把……和……進(jìn)行比較
例如：I compared the translation with the original. 我把譯文和原文對(duì)照了一遍。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
compare … to … 把……比作
例如：The students compare their teachers to candles. 學(xué)生們把老師比作蠟燭。
7．stand for 代表；主張，提倡；（否定結(jié)構(gòu)）容許，容忍
例1：What does NB ________________? NB代表什么？
例2：The teacher wouldn't ____________ such behavior. 老師不會(huì)容忍這樣的行為。
8．take place 發(fā)生
例如：Great changes________________in the last two years. 最近兩年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1）take a/one's seat 坐下，就坐
例如：Come here and take a seat. 過來，坐下。
2）take it easy 別著急，別緊張
例如：We have time lift. _______________. 我們還有時(shí)間，別緊張。
3）take up 占用
例如：The box takes up _________________. 這個(gè)盒子太占地方。
4）take out 拿出
例如：He took out a photo and looked carefully. 他拿出張照片細(xì)看起來。
5）take away 拿走
例如：I'm not using the dictionary now; you may ___________.我現(xiàn)在不用字典，你可以拿走。
6）take off 脫下；（飛機(jī)）起飛
例1：You'd better take off your coat. 你最好脫掉外套。
例2：The flight takes off at 9 o'clock. 這班飛機(jī)九點(diǎn)鐘起飛。
9．turn to 查閱；求助于；變成；轉(zhuǎn)向
例1：They always________ me when they are in trouble. 他們一有困難就來找我。
例2：I have __________ all the well-known reference books for help.
例3：The snow soon turned to rain. 雪很快變成了雨。
例4：He turned to the study and practice of medicine. 他轉(zhuǎn)向醫(yī)學(xué)研究和實(shí)踐。
【相關(guān)鏈接】
1）turn out/off 關(guān)掉（電燈、煤氣等）
例如：He turned out the light and followed his wife upstairs. 他關(guān)掉燈跟著妻子上樓去了。
2）turn over 翻過來
例如：Turn over, or your back will get sunburnt. 翻過來，否則會(huì)曬傷你的背。
3）turn on 打開（開關(guān)等）
例如：He turned on his bath water. 他打開洗澡水。
4）turn down 把（聲音）放低，關(guān)小
例如：He turned down the oil lamp. 他把油燈弄暗。
5）turn into 變成
例如：It turned into a fine day. 天變晴了。
10.prepare for 為……做準(zhǔn)備（= get ready for ）
例如：Will you help me prepare for the party? 你能幫我準(zhǔn)備晚會(huì)嗎？
二、語(yǔ)法精講：it的使用（1）--可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)，起以下作用：
1．用來代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句，在句子中作形式主語(yǔ)。
例1：It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it. 你真傻，還在為這件事著急。
例2：It's no use talking to him about it. 和他談這事沒有作。
例3：It is very likely that their group will get ahead f us. 很有可能他們小組會(huì)趕到我們前面。
2．用來指人、時(shí)間、日期、距離、環(huán)境或天氣。
例1：-Who is knocking at the door? 誰在敲門？ -It's me. 是我。
例2：It's rather windy today. 今天風(fēng)挺大。
例3：It was October. 時(shí)間是十月份。
例4：It is about a night's journey to the place by train. 到該地坐火車要一個(gè)晚上。
例5：It was very quiet at the moment. 此時(shí)很安靜。
課堂練習(xí)
一、翻譯
1、新西蘭是澳大利亞東海岸外邊的一個(gè)島嶼。
2、它（新西蘭）由兩個(gè)大島組成，北島和南島。
3、新西蘭北面和東面被太平洋包圍，南面和西面則是塔斯曼海。
4、新西蘭葡萄酒質(zhì)量很高，行銷全世界。
5、北島是著名的溫泉?jiǎng)俚�，有些溫泉的熱水能高高地噴向半空�?/p>
6、在1421年左右，中國(guó)水手在一次環(huán)球航行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些島嶼。
7、120多年后，詹姆士 庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)于1769年占領(lǐng)了這些島。
8、新西蘭是溫和的海洋性氣候，北部是亞熱帶氣候。
9、新西蘭大約有380萬人口，其中大約14％是毛利人。
10、二十世紀(jì)八十年代中期，越來越多的亞洲人定居在新西蘭，他們大約占眾人口的6％。
二、完成句子
1、安徽省位于江蘇省的西邊，河北省的南面。
Anhui Province _______ ______ _______ _______ ____ Jiangsu, but to the south of Hebei.
2、我父親出生在這個(gè)城市以西30公里處的一個(gè)小村莊。
My father was born in a small village, which ______ about____ ________ ________ _________ west of this city.
3、他們住在周圍有高大樹木的房子里。
They live in the house __________ ___________ tall trees.
4、這項(xiàng)工作很重要。
The work _______ ___________ __________ __________. = The work is very important.
5、他們計(jì)劃到香港定居。
They plan to ___________ ________________ Hong Kong.
6、那個(gè)國(guó)家由十個(gè)州組成。
That country _______ _________ ________ ______ten states.
7、我們的城市有200萬人口。
Our city _____ ______ __________ __________ 2,000,000.
8、PRC代表中華人民共和國(guó)。
PRC ________ ________ the People’s Republic of China.
9、在各項(xiàng)證件簽字以前，你不能住進(jìn)這房子。
You can’t ________ ________ ________ the house until all the papers have been signed.
10、5歲以下的小孩僅占總?cè)丝诘?0%。
Children below 5 years old _________ ________ only 20 percent of the total population.
三、改錯(cuò)：
1. Please compare this sentence to that one. _________
2. How much is the population of this city? _________
3. The majority of young people likes pop music. _________
4. China is about the same size that American. _________
5. The island lies on the northwest coast of Alaska. ________
6. The watch lied on the desk yesterday. _________
7. The machine is made of thousands of parts. ________
8. I was about to go out while the telephone rang. ________
9. Madam Curie was famous for the discover of radium. ________
10.That is important to master a foreign language. ________
11. Now is 6 o’clock. ________
12. Taiwan lies to the east of China. ________
四、單項(xiàng)填空
1.There______a tree in front of the house.
A.is used to B.is used being C.used to be D.used be
2.What you said is______me.Would you please explain it again?
A.over B.beyond C.on D.with
3.-How long has this bookshop been in business? -______1982.
A.After B.In C.From D.Since
4.All of us,______me,don’t want ourselves to be praised in public.
A.include B.to include C.including D.included
5.Weihai lies about 88 kilometers______.
A.east of Yantai B.to east of Yantai C.the east of Yantai D.Yantai east
6.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.
A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell
7.What do the letters“PRC”______?
A.stand by B.mean for C.refer by D.stand for
8.I hate all this travel;I want to get married and______.
A.turn down B.settle down C.take down D.settle up
9.In some parts of the world,tea______with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served
10.-Where do they live? -The nearest island______the south of the mainland.
A.from B.off C.on D.away
11.I’ve lost my notebook.That is______to me.
A.of great important B.of great importance C.very importance D.of very useful
12.After I had walked for six hours,______.
A.I had been tired out B.I’ll be tired out
C.I was tired out D.I would have been tired out
13.-Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she______.
A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised
14.They______friends since they met in Shanghai.
A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
15.Though______money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in