[摘要] 新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)倡導(dǎo)在英語教學(xué)中采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)途徑，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用英語做事，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際能力。但教學(xué)中具體的可操作模式仍在探索、實(shí)踐中。本文擬就自己的教學(xué)實(shí)踐談?wù)剬?duì)高中英語任務(wù)型閱讀教學(xué)課的設(shè)計(jì)與反思。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 任務(wù)；設(shè)計(jì)
一、引言
教育部頒布的《全日制義務(wù)教育普通高級(jí)中學(xué)英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)稿）》把基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語課程的目標(biāo)設(shè)定為以學(xué)生語言知識(shí)、語言技能、情感態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)策略和文化意識(shí)的發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。為了更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)倡導(dǎo)任務(wù)型的教學(xué)模式，讓學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，通過感知、體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐，參與和合作等方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)任務(wù)的目標(biāo)，感受成功：在學(xué)習(xí)過程中進(jìn)行情感和策略調(diào)整，以形成積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，促進(jìn)語言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的提高。這就要求教師依據(jù)課程的總體目標(biāo)并結(jié)合教學(xué)內(nèi)容，靈活地和有創(chuàng)造性地使用教材，設(shè)計(jì)貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際的教學(xué)活動(dòng)，吸引和組織他們積極參與，并在此過程中培養(yǎng)發(fā)展學(xué)生用英語解決實(shí)際問題的能力和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神。
下面筆者結(jié)合SEFC BOOK 2B Unit 23 Lesson 90的教學(xué)實(shí)踐談?wù)勅蝿?wù)型教學(xué)如有在高中英語閱讀教學(xué)中實(shí)施。
二、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)與反思
教學(xué)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)：
1、貼卡片，展示新舊電話的工作原理。
2、填表格，比較發(fā)現(xiàn)新式電話的優(yōu)越性。
3、選功能，了解新式電話的新功能。
4、設(shè)計(jì)國產(chǎn)品牌的新款電話。
教學(xué)目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)：
1、了解、掌握與電話及其功能有關(guān)的詞匯。
2、了解電話的歷史，理解課文內(nèi)容，能流利、準(zhǔn)確地談?wù)撾娫挼墓ぷ髟砑肮δ埽l(fā)展學(xué)生的交際能力。
3、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生參加小組活動(dòng)的能力和合作意識(shí)。
4、設(shè)計(jì)新款電話，發(fā)展學(xué)生的想象力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力。
5、激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的民族自尊心、自信心。
教學(xué)輔助手段：CAI多媒體課件、自制卡片、Worksheet、實(shí)物投影儀
課堂活動(dòng)方式：Teacher-class, individuals, pairs, groups
教學(xué)課時(shí)：一課時(shí)
教學(xué)程序：
Step1. Leading-in
1、A free talk
Have a free talk with the students. Ask them this question: How do you keep in touch with your friends or families when they are not here? Write down their answers on the blackboard.
2、 A quiz
Do a quiz to test how much the students know about telephones. Show them some pictures and ask them to do a matching.
3、Picture show
Show the students some beautiful pictures of telephones. Let them imagine what future telephones will look like.
采用談話方式導(dǎo)入自然親切，拉近了師生之間的情感距離，營造出寬松的學(xué)習(xí)氣氛，同時(shí)讓學(xué)生了解有關(guān)電話的詞匯。利民用多媒體對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行有關(guān)電話發(fā)展的小測試易于激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣和好奇心，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生參與課堂活動(dòng)的積極性。向?qū)W生展示現(xiàn)代化的電話圖片并讓他們猜想未來電話的樣子能激發(fā)學(xué)生的想象力，為后面的任務(wù)作鋪墊，打下基礎(chǔ)。
Step2. Reading
Get the students to read the text quickly ,trying to answer the following questions:
1、Were the earliest telephones popular? Why or why not?
2、When and where was the first telephone directory printed?
設(shè)計(jì)問題并讓學(xué)生帶著問題進(jìn)行速讀，有利于訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的skimming 能力并使學(xué)生對(duì)電話的歷史有初步了解。
Step3. Play a game
Divide the students into 2 groups. Give each group eight cards with phrases on them. Play the tape for the students. They should listen to the tape carefully. After listening, they work in their own groups. When the set time is due, each group sends their delegates to go to the blackboard and stick their cards on the blackboard，showing how a telephone worked in the past and how a telephone works now. The group which uses the shortest time will be the winner.
1
(in the past)
2
(now)
這一環(huán)節(jié)采用游戲及小組活動(dòng)的方式有利于調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生參加活動(dòng)的熱情，使其在激烈的競爭中不知不覺地了解了新舊電話的工作原理，并能使學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中互相學(xué)習(xí)、互相幫助，互相鼓勵(lì)，體驗(yàn)集體榮譽(yù)感和成就感，發(fā)展合作精神。
Step4. Fill in a form
Let the students read the text again and then fill in the form shown on the screen. Compare the earliest telephone and the new telephones. Try to see which are better.
TypesItems The earliest telephones Telephones of today
The quality(質(zhì)量) of sound
The price of atelephone
How to make atelephone call
The way to send signals
素質(zhì)教育要面向全體學(xué)生。填表格比較新舊電話質(zhì)量性能、價(jià)格、撥打方式等的任務(wù)相對(duì)比較容易，可以讓中、下層次的學(xué)生回答問題，給他們創(chuàng)造語言實(shí)踐和自我表現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)，使其體驗(yàn)成功并樹立起學(xué)習(xí)的自信心。
Step5. A guess game
Invite the students to do a guess game. Let them read an advertisement and guess what new functions of telephones the two persons will choose. They should work in pairs.
Two men are now in a service hall(服務(wù)廳)of China Telecom. One of them is a doctor, the other is a manager. They are reading an advertisement that introduces new functions (功能)of telephones. Guess and discuss what new functions they may use.
Advertisement
1.Conference calling. It is possible to connect several telephone numbers together so that you can all speak. Even though you may be in different towns, you can still have your conference.
2.Dialling. With some models, you can record the telephone numbers of people who you call frequently. So, instead of dialling 12 numbers in order to speak to someone, you only have to dial a single number.
3.Redirection. If you are out of the office, you can have all calls redirected to another number. This is useful, especially for doctors.
4.Call waiting. With some models, if you are speaking on the phone, a signal shows you that somebody else is trying to call you. It also shows you the caller’s telephone number in order that you recognize who it is.
采用Pair-work方式進(jìn)行討論和猜測，預(yù)測上面任務(wù)中doctor 和manager可能選用的電話功能有利于發(fā)展學(xué)生的交際能力和邏輯思維能力。
Step6. Discussion
Work in groups of 4. Let the students discuss what other functions they can think of besides the new functions mentioned in the advertisement they read just now. Give them some examples to make sure they know clearly what to do.
通過討論來拓展學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，創(chuàng)造條件讓學(xué)生探究自己感興趣的問題并自主解決問題，不僅有利于學(xué)生鞏固前邊所學(xué)知識(shí)，還有利于學(xué)生思維和想象力的發(fā)展，更為學(xué)生向最后的高級(jí)任務(wù)發(fā)起沖刺奠定了扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
Step7. Design new telephones
The competition between telephone companies is very fierce nowadays. Many foreign telephone companies are making new types of telephones and put them into market. Suppose you work for a Chinese telephone company in Wenzhou. Try to design a new type of telephone for your company.
設(shè)計(jì)電話這一環(huán)節(jié)有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力，使學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，學(xué)以致用。同時(shí)讓學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)民族品牌的新電話有利于激發(fā)學(xué)生的民族的自尊心與自信心。
三、結(jié)束語
高中英語閱讀課實(shí)施任務(wù)型教學(xué)需要執(zhí)教教師首先認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)“任務(wù)型”教學(xué)的有關(guān)理論，并在教學(xué)中大膽實(shí)踐、創(chuàng)新，在認(rèn)真分析教材及學(xué)生實(shí)際情況的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，合理安排教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，從而使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用英語做事，在完成任務(wù)過程中體驗(yàn)成功，最大限度地向“最近發(fā)展區(qū)”發(fā)展。
主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
教育部：《全日制義務(wù)教育普通高級(jí)中學(xué)英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)稿）》，北京師范大學(xué)出版社，2001年。
丁筱燕：“新標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 新理念 新課堂--Britain and Ireland 一課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)與教學(xué)反思”，《中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)》，2002年第9期。