Unit 5 The British Isles
Teaching Aims:
1. Talk about the UK and Ireland.
2. Attention to listening and speaking.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Improve the students’ listening ability.
2. Master the expressions for agreement and disagreement.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1. Improve the students’ listening ability.
2. How to express agreement and disagreement.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Warming up
1. Answer the questions about the UK.(Answers 見教參104頁)
2. Discussion
Work in groups having a discussion and try to find out as much as you can about the geography, history, culture, famous people, building and other things in the UK.
Step 2 Listening
Listen to the listening materials and try to finish the listening practice within the limited time.
Step 3 speaking
Now let’s move to the next part, speaking. Get the Ss to know how to express their agreement and disagreement.
Language points:
Listening
1. The conversation workshop(研討會(huì)，研習(xí)班) is taught on Wednesday afternoon.
2. Try to reach agreement on the main points.
① reach agreement on sth .“在某方面取得一致意見，達(dá)成協(xié)議”
E.g. The two countries didn’t reach agreement on disarmament of nuclear weapons.
② reach an agreement on sth. 在某方面達(dá)成協(xié)議
E.g. China reaches an agreement on anti-terrorism with the fire countries in the Middle Asia.
3. They think it’s just a matter of looking…
E.g. It’s just a matter of time before Taiwan and mainland unite.
⒋ The Group of Eight consists of the eight richest countries in the world.
Consist of(不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))，由…組成/構(gòu)成，同義詞為：be made up of, be composed of
E g. The class consists of 48 students =The class is made up of /is composed of 54 students.
Consist in存在，存在于，在于
E g. Happiness consists in contentment. (知足常樂)
Consist with一致，符合
E.g. Theory should consist with practice.
⒌ …island countries have better chances of becoming powerful.
Chance（可能性）+of sth./doing sth; to do sth; that clause
E.g. ① Do we have any chances of winning the game?
③ There’s a faint chance that you’ll find him at home.
⒍ Do island nations have advantages over other countries?
① A have an advantage over B A優(yōu)于或勝于B, A比B有優(yōu)勢(shì)
E g. In ancient movie, Jackie Chan has an obvious advantage over others.
② have the advantage of sth. 有某種優(yōu)勢(shì)（優(yōu)點(diǎn)）
eg. I have the advantage of a first-class education.
③ take advantage of 乘機(jī)利用某事物
eg. You ought to take advantage of English programs on TV.
The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
⒈ Get the Ss to know about the British Isles.
⒉ Learn the main languages points of the text.
Teaching Important Points:
⒈ Train the students’ reading ability and develop their reading skills.
Teaching Difficult Points:
⒈ Master the following sentence pattern:
⑴ A is in /on /to the north/east…of B
⑵ be of great value
⒉ Understand the following sentences:
⑴ The idea that England stands for Fish and chips, the Speaker’s Corner and the Tower of London is past.
⑵ The fact that the mainland of Great Britain is made up of three kingdoms is still unknown to many.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Revision and warm up
Ask the questions about the British’s Isles:
What do you know about the United Kingdom?
How many countries make up the British Isles?
What do you know about Ireland?
Step 2 Fast reading
Now read the text as fast as possible and try to decide whether the following statements are true or not.
⒈ The British Isles is made of 3 parts.
⒉ The British Isles lies off the west of Europe.
⒊ The English Channel is only 20 miles wide.
⒋ The British Isles is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the British Isles.
⒌ There’s much rain in the British Isles.
⒍ Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.
⒎ There’s 6 languages that’re considered to be native to the British Isles.
Step 3 Careful reading
Read the text carefully and try to sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1 General idea about England.
Para 2 Position of the British Isles.
Para 3 The climate of the British Isles.
Para 4 The culture of the people in the British Isles.
Para 5 The language spoken in Great Britain and Ireland.
Para 6 The history of the United Kingdom.
Para 7 The languages spoken throughout the British Isles.
Step 4 Post-reading
Since the Ss have read the text, now get them to finish Exercise 1&2 within the limited time答案見教參110頁
Step 5 Consolidation:
Language points:
⒈ The idea that England stands for Fish&Chips, Speaker’s corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
⑴that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語從句，用于說明idea的內(nèi)容 。同位語從句常用于說明idea, news, hope, wish,fact,suggestion等抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容，連詞that 沒有詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，但不可省略 。
E.g. The news that team has won the game is exciting.
⑵stand for
a. 代表，象征，意味著
E.g. WTO stands for World Health Organization.
b.贊同，支持，主張
e.g. What principles do you stand for?
⒉ …their view of British culture is sometimes narrow.
narrow 狹窄的，狹隘的，險(xiǎn)勝的
A narrow river/steet a narrow idea about relics a narrow escape(九死一生)
⒊ The fact that the mainland of Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
⑴ be made up of =consist of 由…組成
E.g. The group is made up of five members. = The group consists of five members.
⑵ be unknown to sb.不為人所知道
E.g. The cause of the delay is still unknown to us.
⒋ …there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity-to see it as it really is, a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.
⑴make the most of充分利用，也可以說make the best of
E.g. He wished to make the most of his chance.
⑵ diversity 多種多樣，多樣性
E.g. a wide diversity of opinions看法上的眾說紛紜
Mary has a great diversity of hobbies such as stamp collecting, travelling.
⑶as it is 以現(xiàn)在的樣子，根據(jù)下面的情況看
E.g. I’ll send it to you as it is, (我就照現(xiàn)在的樣子賣給你，) but don’t complain, if it doesn’t work.
⑷ hold together 使不分開或團(tuán)結(jié)一致
E.g. The needs of the children held their marriage together.
⒌ The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles wide.
⑴separate A from B 把A與B分隔開，指把混在一起的或連在一快的分開
E.g. She separated the good apples from the bad ones.
Divide …into 指把整體分成部分
E.g. A year is divided into twelve months.
⑵at one point在某一地點(diǎn)；一度
E.g. A traffic accident happened at one point yesterday.
At one point, he was very weak.
⒍ In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receives more rain.
⑴ in general總的說來，大體上，通常
E.g. In general, people like her.
⑵ throughout the year 整年，一年到頭throughout 貫穿，介詞
E.g. He worked hard throughout the year to support his family.
⑶ receive 動(dòng)詞，收到，接到
⒎ In the summer months the difference in temperature between London and north can be as much as nine degree.
英語中在表示數(shù)量的詞語前習(xí)慣上加as much as ,as many as等來加強(qiáng)語氣。as much as用與表示 “雨（水）量”，時(shí)間 ，金錢，重量，錢數(shù)，價(jià)格等方面。表示 “總量”和“單位量”的大小，as many as用于人或物的具體數(shù)量前，as much as從總的角度出發(fā)，側(cè)重于“總量”，as many as從個(gè)體出發(fā)，側(cè)重于具體數(shù)目。
E.g. The rain is plentiful, often as much as seventy inches every year.
At the job, she could earn as many as eighty dollars every week.
The civil war in that country lasted as much as eighty 16 years.
We must learn as many as 300 English words.
The kind of English built as many as 50 pyramids.
As far as 遠(yuǎn)到；盡…程度
E.g. They walked as far as the seaside.
Don’t worry. I’ll help you as far as I can.
As long as 長達(dá)；只要
She spends as long as three hours on English study every day.
⒏ The culture of the people in the British Isles was influenced by the culture of the people on the European mainland.
Influence 指不易察覺到的，潛移默化的影響
E.g. Probably we influenced each other.
Affect表示使“變化，對(duì)…產(chǎn)生不良影響”，著重“影響”動(dòng)作。
Influence 影響力，支配力
E.g. Parents have a great influence on Children.
⒐ ……Their languages formed the basis for English.
⑴ Form the basis for 構(gòu)成/形成…的基礎(chǔ)
E.g. This idea formed the basis for Theory of Relativity.
⑵ 為…⑶打下基礎(chǔ)，lay foundations for
E.g. Four –year college life laid solid basis for his further improvement.
⑶provide a basis for 為…⑶提供依據(jù)
E.g. The result provided a sound basis for further research.
⒑ The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.
End up with以…結(jié)束，通常是 最后接受某東西，其意思為receive sth.in the end
E.g. We ended the supper up with fruit and coffee.
⒒ …but it was not only 250 years later that they formed a single state.
是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，有原句They didn’t formed a single state until 250 years later變化而來，此類句子需強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語until時(shí)候，應(yīng)將否定句not… 與狀語until…一起作為強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，構(gòu)成it was not until… that …的巨型
eg. It was not until 1969 that man set his first step on the moon.
原句：Man didn’t set his first step on the moon until 1969.
⒓…While the southern part of England was only part of the UK for some time…
⒔ There are six spoken languages that’re considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.
⑴ be considered to be 是（consider sth/sb.to be+形容詞或名詞）的被動(dòng)式，
E.g. We considered this (to be) very important.
⑵ be native to本土的，本國的，土生的
E.g. Panda is native to China.
⒂ They realise that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
Be of great value=be very valuable非常有價(jià)值的，可用于此巨型的詞有：use ,help,importance,help etc.
E.g. We consider their works of be of great value.
The invention is of great value. =The invention is very useful.
Period 3 Grammar Noun Clauses
名詞性從句介紹
名詞性從句包括：主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句，多由連詞that, wh-疑問詞或由what,whatever等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。
⒈ 主語從句
⑴ 主語從句在句子中充當(dāng)主語，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。
E.g. Why he refused to work with you is still a mystery.
Whatever comes is welcome.
⑵ 主語從句前的that不能省略，僅起連接作用，有時(shí)候?yàn)楸３志渥悠胶�，that從句后置，而由it作形式主語。
E.g. That he became a lawyer may have been due to his mother’s influence.
It is not true that he has moved to New York.
⒉ 賓語從句在句子中充當(dāng)賓語
E.g. I don’t know where the sound came from.
Don’t be satisfied with what you have achieved.
⒊ 當(dāng)從句放在系動(dòng)詞be, look, remain, seem等后構(gòu)成表語從句。
E.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address.
It seemed that the night would never end.
⒋ 同位語從句
⑴同位語從句是對(duì)與之同位的名詞中心詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，能接同位語從句的常見名詞有：idea,fact,news,belief,hope,evidence,opinion,problem,truth,proposal,theory,decision.discovery.problem,thought.understanding等。
E.g. The fact that we talked about is very important.(定語從句)
The fact that he succeed in the experiment pleased everybody.(同位語從句)
⒌ whether與if 在名詞性從句中的用法區(qū)別
if 一般 指用于引導(dǎo)從句，而whether可引導(dǎo)包括賓語從句在內(nèi)的其他名詞性從句。
⑴連詞whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句時(shí)不能用if來替換。
Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.
The question is whether he will come.
⑵賓語從句中，whether常與or not搭配，也可以說 whether or not, 而不說if or not.
E.g. I don’t care whether or not she will attend the meeting.
⑶whether也可用在介詞 后，或帶to 不定式前，if or not.
E.g. She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.
⑷ 某些動(dòng)詞后面（如discuss）只能用whether, 不用if .
E.g. We discussed whether we should go on climbing.
二．主語從句高考考點(diǎn)]
在句中做主語的從句叫主語從句，是一種 重要的名詞性從句。
⒈由what等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句
在主語從句 中，what=the thing(s) that, 它本身在從句中充當(dāng)成份，或是主語，或是表語，或是賓語，其含義為“所做/說/想的”。
E.g. What you have done might do harm to other people.
⒉ 由that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句
that在主語從句中不充當(dāng)具體的句子成份，也無實(shí)義，只起連接作用，而且當(dāng)它在句首時(shí)候，不能省略。
E.g.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
⒊ 由whether,if等引導(dǎo)的主語從句,句首用Whether
E.g. Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
⒋ 由whoever. whatever等引導(dǎo)的主語從句
whoever=the person who或anyone who.who 也可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，但只能表示“誰”
E.g. Who will win is not important.
E.g. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
Anyone 與the person皆不能引導(dǎo)從句。
⒌ 由it 作形式主語引起的主語 從句
that從句做主語時(shí)候，常用it做形式主語，而把that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句后。在下列情況下使用形式主語it，將主語從句放在句尾。
⑴位于是seem，appear，be（im）possible，be a pity，be a wonder，be likely等。
E.g. It seemed certain that this would win the prize.
It appeared that he was right.
⑵在It is known…; It is said…;It is hoped…; It is believed…等句型中。
E.g. It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
It doesn’t matter what you say.
注意：有時(shí)候在“It is necessary(important. suggested等)＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中, that從句常用”should+動(dòng)詞原形” 形式來表示虛擬語氣, 其中should�？墒∪�.
E.g. It is necessary that a college student should master at least a foreign language.
Period 4
Teaching Aims:
⒈ Enable the Ss to learn how to describe a place in its landscape, culture, relics, the people, their life, economy and etc.
⒉ More practice at Noun Clauses.
Teaching Important Points:
⒈ Learn to describe the countryside, the cities, the people and their life by reading the passage.
Teaching Difficult Points:
⒉Improve the students’ integrating skills-reading skills and writing skills:
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Reading
Get the students to read the passage quickly and ask some questions about it.
⒈ What can be seen across the fields of Salisbury?
Sheep can be seen everywhere.
⒉ What’s the cathedral famous for?
The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower. It’s 404 feet high. Daniel Defoe thinks the tower is the highest and the most handsome in England.
⒊ How many important kinds of produce and trade are there in the city of Salisbury? What are they?
There’re two important kinds of produce and trade in Salisbury. They’re making cloth and sheets called Salisbury whites.
⒋ How about the hills and fields there?
The hill and fields are most beautiful with many small and clear rivers and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
⒌ Say something about the hills of Salisbury(The last paragraph)
Step 2 Retelling
Get the students to read the text once again and have them retell the text.
Step 3 Language points:
⒈ …the great number of them is very wonderful.
The number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞(謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)) a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞(謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))
E.g. A number of students were studying in the reading-room.
⒉ All around the city of Salisbury, as far as twenty-two miles to the west, and six miles south, down to the coast, farmers raise sheep.(此句中farmers raise sheep是句子的主干,前面均是表示方位, 距離的短語做狀語. 其中south前面省略to the .由于coast是地勢(shì)較低處,所以用down to the coast.
⒊ There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring every way round and the town in the centre.
⑴句中fed within six miles of Salisbury是一個(gè)過去分詞短語修飾sheep，measuring…是一個(gè)V-ing短語，修飾six miles of Salisbury。
⒋ The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England, being from the ground 410 feet.
⑴without doubt=certainly無疑地；確定地
e.g. Without doubt, our team will win the game.
⑵ being from the ground 404 feet在此句中做狀語，用語說明tower的高度。
⒌ Neither of them is very big, but they become a larger river when joined together, and yet larger when joined by a third river.
⑴ a third river又一條河流，不定冠詞a 用在序數(shù)詞之前，表示“再一， 又一”。
Eg. You can have a second try if you fail the first time.
⑵Neither of the books is interesting.(這２本書都沒意思。)表示“兩者都”，用both of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表復(fù)數(shù)概念。
E.g. Both of you have to go there.
⒍ …, which employ the poor of a great part of the country round-namely, making cloth and sheets,
namely 副詞，即，就是，用以補(bǔ)充或具體說明前面已提到的事物
e.g. Two boys are late for school today-namely, Tom and Jim.
⒎ …with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
⑴bearing fruit and grain做賓語補(bǔ)足語，bear“結(jié)果實(shí)”，產(chǎn)生，長出
e.g. The tree is bearing a lot of apples this year.
⑵ with +賓語＋v－ing，在此做狀語。
E.g. With you standing here, we can’t work.
⒏ …, village and houses, and among them(指代houses) many（后省略了are） of good size.
Of good size= have good size
E.g. The cellphone is of great high quality.
=The cellphone has high quality.