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      2. 高一英語重點(diǎn)詞語用法6

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-1-15 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

        1.sport與game用法比較

        1)sport可指各種運(yùn)動或戶外消遣,可以是娛樂性的,也可以是競賽性的體育活動。sport特指某種運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目時(shí),一般用作可數(shù)名詞;它還指運(yùn)動會,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式 sports(=sports meet)。如:

        ①Our headmaster is fond of sport, not music.

        我們校長喜歡體育,不喜歡音樂。

        ②Fishing and hunting are his favorite sports.

        釣魚和打獵是他特別喜愛的運(yùn)動。

        ③The school sports meet will take place next week. 學(xué)校運(yùn)動會將在下周舉行。

        2)比較:game(游戲、運(yùn)動、比賽)?梢允菓魞(nèi)或戶外的,也可以是腦力或體力的,通常有一定規(guī)則,凡參加者都必須遵守。指球賽時(shí),美國英語用game,英國英語用match。指大型的國際體育運(yùn)動會、比賽,用game.

        如:

        ①Football is a game which makes me excited.

        足球是一項(xiàng)讓我激動的運(yùn)動。

        ②Let's play a game of chess! 咱們下盤棋吧。

        ③The Olympic Games are held every four years. 每四年舉行一次奧運(yùn)會。

        2.excite一詞的用法

        1)excite作及物動詞,意為“使激動”,“使興奮”,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中以事物作主語;在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中以人作主語。如:

        ①The result of the experiment excited me. 實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果令我激動。

        ②Everybody was excited by the news of the victory.

        人人為此勝利的消息而興奮。

        2)exciting與excited都可作形容詞用,在句中作定語或表語,但兩者用法不同。exciting意思是“令人激動的”,常用來修飾事物;excited 意思是“對……感到激動的”,常用來修飾人或人的表情、聲音等。如:

        ①Why were they so excited?

        他們?yōu)槭裁慈绱思樱?/p>

        ②The excited children were opening their Christmas gifts.

        激動的孩子們打開圣誕禮物。

        ③The trip was very pleasant and exciting.

        這次旅行使人感到又愉快又激動。 ④We just watched an exciting football match.

        我們剛看了一場激動人心的足球賽。

        ⑤He gave an excited shout. 他發(fā)出了激動的叫喊。

        注:在上例中,修飾shout的形容詞不是exciting而是excited,表示“喊聲”是由于人的激動而發(fā)出的。

        3)excitement是名詞,作“興奮、激動”解時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞;作“使人興奮的事物”時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。

        3.join, join in, take part in 和 attend 的用法比較

        這幾個(gè)詞或短語都有“參加”的意思,但用法不同。

        1)join有兩個(gè)用法:

        (1)指加入某個(gè)黨派,團(tuán)體組織等,成為其成員之一,意為:“參軍、入團(tuán)、入黨”等。如:

        ①When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么時(shí)候參軍的?

        ②She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先隊(duì)。

        (2)和某人一道做某事,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:join sb. in (doing) sth.,根據(jù)上下文,in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。如:

        ①Will you join us in the discussion? 你參加我們的討論嗎?

        ②He'll join us in singing the song. 他將和我們一道唱歌。

        ③We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us?

        我們打算星期天去東湖公園。你跟我們一道去好嗎?

        2)join in多指參加小規(guī)模的活動如“球賽、游戲”等,常用于日?谡Z。

        如:

        ①Come along, and join in the ball game. 快,來參加球賽。

        ②Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你為什么沒參加座談?

        3)take part in 指參加會議或群眾性活動等,著重說明句子主語參加該項(xiàng)活動并在活動中發(fā)揮作用。如:

        ①We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.

        暑假期間我們將參加社會實(shí)踐。

        ②We often take part in physical labour. 我們經(jīng)常參加體力勞動。

        【注意】take part in是慣用詞組,part前一般不用冠詞,但part前有形容詞修飾時(shí),要用不定冠詞。如:

        ①Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.

        林肯積極參加政治活動,強(qiáng)烈反對奴隸制。

        4)attend是正式用語,及物動詞,指參加會議,婚禮,葬禮,典禮;去上課,上學(xué),聽報(bào)告等。句子的主語只是去聽,去看,自己不一定起積極作用。

        如:

        ①He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.

        他明天要參加一個(gè)重要的會議。

        ②I attended his lecture. 我聽了他的講課。

        4.farther與further的區(qū)別

        1)表示“較遠(yuǎn)”、“更遠(yuǎn)”時(shí),兩者可以通用。如: ①We can't go any farther (further) with a rest. 我們不休息無法向前走了。

        ②They went farther (further) into the forest。他們走向森林深處。

        2)further還表示“更多的”,“另外的”;“進(jìn)一步”,“深一層”;“而且,此外”等含義,而farther沒有此義。如:

        ①We must get further information. 我們必須獲得更多的信息。

        ②We need go further into the matter. 我們必須進(jìn)一步調(diào)查此事。

        ③The Museum will be closed until further notice.

        該博物館將關(guān)閉,開放時(shí)將另行通知。

        5.win與beat的用法區(qū)別

        win與beat的區(qū)別:win后接戰(zhàn)爭、比賽、獎(jiǎng)品等名詞作賓語,不能接競爭對手作賓語;而beat后常接競爭對手,意為“打敗”、“擊敗”。試比較:

        win a race/a battle/ a prize/a medal/success/friendship

        贏得賽跑/戰(zhàn)役/獎(jiǎng)品/獎(jiǎng)?wù)?成功/友誼。

        beat the competitor/the team/the country打敗對手/隊(duì)/國家

        6.time作“時(shí)代”解時(shí)的用法

        time作“時(shí)代”解時(shí),常用復(fù)數(shù)形式(times)。如:

        ①In ancient times, man lived on wild plants and wild beasts.

        在古代,人類靠野果和野獸為生。

        ②Times have changed, and we shouldn't fall behind.

        時(shí)代變了,我們不應(yīng)落后于時(shí)代。

        ③She didn't understand the spirit of the times. 她不理解那個(gè)時(shí)代的精神。

        【注意】 time作“時(shí)代”解時(shí),也可用單數(shù)形式,如:

        ①He lived in Queen Victoria's time. 他生活在維多利亞女王時(shí)代。

        7.happen 的兩種含義

        happen可作“發(fā)生”解,常指意外地、偶然地發(fā)生某一件事。它的另一含義是“碰巧”。如:

        ①What time did the accident happen? 事故是什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的?

        ②If anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他發(fā)生什么事,請通知我。

        ③I happened to meet him in the street yesterday. 我昨天碰巧在街上遇見他。

        ④It so happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我身上沒帶錢。

        8.every和表示數(shù)量的詞連用。

        1)every可與表示數(shù)量的詞連用,表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔。如:

        ①Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 每四年,來自世界各地的運(yùn)動員參加奧林匹克運(yùn)動會。

        ②I usually go to my uncle's every three days (=every third day).

        我通常每三天(每隔兩天)去我叔叔家一次。

        ③There's a bus stop every two miles. 每兩英里有個(gè)車站。

        ④They looked up and gave a smile to each other every few minutes.

        每隔幾分鐘他們抬起頭相互笑笑。

        【注意】every后可接 few,但不能接 a few,因 every一詞已包含了a之意,如句④,另外every后也不能接some,several,many等詞。every后接序數(shù)詞時(shí),則修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如句②

        2)every 可與other + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,表示“每隔一……”。如:

        ①Please write on every other line (third line).

        請隔行寫。(請隔兩行寫一行。)

        ②They planted a tree every other metre along the road.

        他們在馬路邊每隔一米栽一棵樹。

        ③The doctor comes to see my mother every other day.

        醫(yī)生每隔一天來看我媽媽一次。

        重要詞組短語

        1.prefer…to…的含義

        1)prefer A to B 意思上接近于like A better than B,表示“喜歡……要?jiǎng)龠^喜歡……”。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,to為介詞,prefer和to后面可接名詞或動詞-

        ing形式。

        ①I prefer science to languages. 我喜歡理科而不太喜歡文科。

        ②He prefers beer to coffee. 啤酒與咖啡相比,他更喜歡啤酒。

        ③He said he preferred the country life to the city life.

        他說城市和農(nóng)村相比,他更喜歡農(nóng)村。 ④Even on holidays, he preferred doing something to doing nothing. 即使在假日里,他也寧愿干點(diǎn)什么事,而不愿閑待著。

        2)prefer 不接介詞 to短語而單獨(dú)使用時(shí),相當(dāng)于 like…very much。這時(shí) prefer后面可接名同,代詞,不定式,動詞-ing形式等。例如:

        ①Southerners prefer rice while northerners prefer food made from flour. 南方人比較愛吃米飯,北方人比較愛吃面食。

        ②Which would you prefer, tea or coffee?

        茶和咖啡,你較喜歡哪一種?

        ③She preferred to work and live with the common people.

        她喜歡工作生活在普通人中間。

        ④So you prefer staying with your children on holidays?

        這么說,你在假日中寧愿與孩子們在一起了?

        【注意】prefer在構(gòu)成其-ed及-ing形式時(shí),要雙寫詞尾字母 r,即:preferred,preferring

        3)prefer還可與 rather than連用,這時(shí) prefer和 rather than后面一般接不定式,而不接動詞-ing形式,rather than后面的不定式符號 to可有可無。

        如:

        ①She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.

        她寧愿和我們一道去,而不愿留下。

        ②He preferred to write to her rather than telephone her.

        他寧愿寫信給她,而不愿打電話給她。

        2.由read構(gòu)成的短語

        1)read out sth. =read sth. loud for others to hear,意為“讀出”、“宣布”。

        ①Your teacher will read out eight sentences. Which picture is she talking about?

        你的老師將讀出8個(gè)句子,她分別讀的是有關(guān)哪幅畫的呢?

        ②Here's a letter from Tom. Shall I read it out?

        這兒有一封湯姆的來信,我要不要讀出來。

        ③The headmaster read out the names of the winners and the contest results of each class. 校長公布了獲勝者姓名以及各班競賽結(jié)果。

        2)read sth. to sb./ read sb. sth. =read loud for sb. to hear.

        表示“讀給某人聽”。

        ①Here's a report about our school. Let me read it to you.

        這兒有一篇有關(guān)我們學(xué)校的報(bào)道,我來讀給你聽。

        ②The teacher read a poem to the class. 老師給全班同學(xué)讀了首詩。

        ③She read the children a story. 她給孩子們讀了篇故事。

        ④Children like to be read to. 孩子們喜歡讀給他們聽。

        【注意】read to sb. 是“讀給某人聽”的意思,read for sb. 是“替某人讀”的意思。

        3)read sth. to oneself = read sth. in silence. 意思是“默讀”

        ①Read it to yourself. I'm not interested in it.

        不要讀出聲來,我對此不感興趣。

        4)read between the lines = to find a meaning that is not expressed. 表示“體會字里行間的言外之意”。

        ①If you read between the lines, this letter is really a request for money.

        你如果體會一下言外之意,這封信實(shí)際上是要錢。

        5)read可用作不及物動詞,指文字的流暢或通順情況。

        ①The sentence doesn't read well. 這個(gè)句子不通順。

        ②Her letters always read well. 她的信讀起來很好。

        ③The full text reads as follows, …全文如下:…

        6)read 可用來表示“理解”、“解釋”,如:

        ①Don't read my silence as consent. 別把我的沉默當(dāng)作同意。

        ②How do you read this passage? 這一段話你怎么解釋?

        3.a(chǎn)fter that和since then的用法區(qū)別

        after that表示在過去某一件事以后,但情況或動作并不延續(xù)到說話

        時(shí),所以句中的謂語動詞仍要用一般過去時(shí)。since then表示從過去某一

        點(diǎn)時(shí)間延續(xù)至說話時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止一直進(jìn)行的動作或保持的狀態(tài)。

        因此句中謂語動詞一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。試比較:

        ①After that he never passed any exam.

        從那以后他任何一門考試都從未及格過。

        ②After that they took more attention to what I said and did.

        從那以后他們對我的一言一行更加關(guān)注了。

        ③I have been studying hard since then.

        從那以來我一直努力學(xué)習(xí)。

        ④He has written more than 20 books since then.

        從那時(shí)候以來他寫了二十多本書。

        ⑤It's over three years since then. 從那以來已有三年多了。

        (句中常用 It's代替 It has been. )

        【注意】that指過去某一件事,then指過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

        4.介詞for短語代表一個(gè)不定式

        介詞for短語常被用來代表一個(gè)動作。表示目的、用途、方向等。表示目的時(shí),后面一般接名詞,在作用上相當(dāng)于一相表示目的的動詞不定式。例如:

        ①In 1992 over 8000 competitors from more than 150 countries went to Barcelona for the 25th Summer Olympics. 1992年,來自150多個(gè)國家的八千多運(yùn)動員去巴塞羅那參加第25屆夏季奧林匹克運(yùn)動會。(= to take part in)

        ②The place to which she took us was just right for a picnic.

        她帶我們?nèi)ピ谀莻(gè)地方正適合野餐。

        ③We are travelling back to England soon for a holiday.

        我們不久要回英格蘭度假了。(for = to have)

        ④I'll go back to my room for my pen.

        我要回宿舍去拿鋼筆。(for = to get)

        ⑤He had to go out for food.

        他不得不出去尋找食物。(for = to find)

        ⑥Let's go in for some tea.

        我們進(jìn)去喝些茶吧。(for = to have)

        ⑦Shall we go for a walk?

        我們出去散散步好嗎?(for = and take)

        5.hand 構(gòu)成的動詞短語

        學(xué)習(xí)下面例句,注意hand構(gòu)成的動詞短語的含義:

        ①Please hand in your papers at the end of the exam.

        請?jiān)诳荚嚱Y(jié)束時(shí)將試卷交上來。

        ②Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.

        把這些鉛筆分發(fā)給班上的每位同學(xué)。

        ③The thief was handed over to the police. 小偷被提交給了警方。

        ④Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 請把這本雜志傳給你的朋友們。

        ⑤Then he handed the cup around the class of students.

        他把杯子遞給學(xué)生,在全班傳了一圈。

        ⑥This ring has been handed down in my family for generations.

        這枚戒指在我的家族中傳了好幾代了。

        常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

        1.Many of the sports were the same as they are now.

        1)the same as…中,same是代詞,the same + 名詞 + as…中,same是形容詞。

        在上述句型中,as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,as在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。如:

        ①The house is just the same as it used to be. 這座房子還跟過去一樣。(as在定語從句中作表語)

        ②We are facing the same problems as we did years ago. (as在從句中作動詞賓語)我們正面臨著幾年前同樣的問題。

        ③We drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered by. (as在從句中作介詞賓語)

        我們驅(qū)車出城時(shí),與進(jìn)城時(shí)是同一條路。

        【注意】在這種句型中,為避免重復(fù),as從句中常省略和前面相同的部分。

        2)the same…that…表示……和……一樣,指同一人或物。如:

        ①She lives in the same room that her mother lived.

        她住在她母親住過的同一間屋里。

        2.After that more and more countries joined in the games.

        形容詞/副詞“雙重比較”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示持續(xù)不斷的變化,意思是“越來越……”:

        1)adj. /adv. + -er and adj. /adv. + -er(單音節(jié)及部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞/副詞雙重比較)例如:

        ①She is getting thinner and thinner. 她變得越來越瘦了。

        ②He runs faster and faster. 他跑得越來越快了。

        2)more and more + adj. /adv. (多音節(jié)及部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞/副詞雙重比較)例如:

        ①Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

        我們的家鄉(xiāng)變得越來越美麗了。

        ②We are going more and more slowly. 我們越走越慢了

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