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      2. g1Unit 17 Famous Women

        發(fā)布時間:2016-1-7 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

        一.知識要點歸納

        1.單元詞匯及短語

        be known for, keep doing sth, inspire, admire, quality, sled, threaten, lie down, drop out, at the top of, be thankful for, else, optimistic, in good health, go down, expedition, solo, make a decision, value, allow, lead to, come to terms(with …), discipline, happen, self-improvement, scholarship, responsible, respectful, fight for

        2.單元句型

        (1)It has often been said that…

        (2)She makes it possible to…

        (3)Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin.

        (4)There was nothing that could stop Oprah.

        3.單元語法

        The rules of subject-verb agreement

        核心知識

        二.重點詞匯及短語

        (1)

        be known for因…而出名

        be famous for 因…而著稱

        be known as 作為…而出名

        be famous as 作為…而著稱

        be known to sb.為某人所知

        eg .① Tom is famous as an artist.

        湯姆作為一名藝術家而著稱.

        ②.It’s well known to us that he is famous for drawing horses.

        我們都知道,他因畫馬而著稱.

        試題:Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous ____ its beautiful countryside.

        A. to B. as C. by D. for

        解析 因空格后有its, 若是不定冠詞a, 則應考慮B選項, 此處答案為D, 意為“它因美麗的鄉(xiāng)村而著稱”。

        答案D

        (2) put up

        ① 舉起,打開 ② 進行 ③ 建造,搭起 ④ 提高 ⑤ 張貼, 公布

        試題:The wind became too strong, I had to put my tent ____.

        A. up B. down C. on D. off

        解析 put down 放下;拒絕;鎮(zhèn)壓

        put on 穿上;假裝;上演

        put off推遲

        答案 A

        (3)sled

        n.雪橇 vt.用雪橇運送 vi.乘雪橇

        注意下列詞的變化形式

        sled sledding sledded

        refer referring referred

        prefer preferring preferred

        occur occurring occurred

        (4)else

        1) adj.別的,其他的(置于疑問代詞、不定代詞后)

        eg. ①.I’ve said I’m sorry, what else can I say?我已經(jīng)說了 對不起,你還讓我說什麼?

        ②.I’ve taken somebody else’s hat(=some other person’s hat.)我拿了別人的帽子。

        2)adv.另外,其他(置于疑問副詞后)

        eg. When else can we meet?我們可在其他什麼時候見面?

        (5)value

        形容詞為valuable

        1) (u. n. )價值,重要性, 等價, 公平的代價(for)

        eg.① This book is of great value.

        = This book is very valuable.

        這本書很有價值。

        ②.We got value for our money. 我們的錢花的很值。

        2)(c. n. /u. n.)價格,價值,交易價值

        eg. The value of the American dollar has fallen.美金價格下跌了。

        3)vt.作價,把。。。作價為

        eg.I valued the car £10,000.我估這車值1萬英鎊。

        注: 這輛車價值1萬英鎊。

        The car is valued at £10,000.(正確)

        The car is worth £10,000.( 正確)

        The car values £10,000.( 錯誤 )

        4)尊重,重視

        eg. I’ve always valued your friendship.我一向珍惜與你的友誼。

        (6)allow vt.允許,準許

        1)allow/permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事

        2)allow/permit (sb’s) doing sth. 允許(某人)做某事

        3)allow sb. sth. 允許某人某事

        4)allow sb. in/out 允許某人進入/出去

        試題:The manager has ____ to improve the working conditions in the company.

        A. accepted B. allowed C. permitted D. agreed

        解析 accept 后不接不定式;allow 后也不接to do , 只說 allow doing/allow sb. to do, permit 和allow 相同。

        答案 D

        5)agree to do sth. 同意做某事

        (7)lead to 通向,導致

        eg.1. His carelessness led to his failure. 他的粗心導致了失敗。

        2. All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

        試題:Too much work and too little rest leads____.

        A. illness B. disease C. to illness D. to be ill

        解析 lead to “導致”,其中to 為介詞,故選C。

        答案 C

        (8)respectful

        adj.恭敬的,尊敬認的,尊重人的

        1)respect vt.尊敬,尊重

        eg. He was such a selfless man, everybody respected him.

        他是這樣一個大公無私的人,人人都尊敬他。

        注可用過去分詞作定語。

        eg. Please allow me to express warm welcome to our respected friends.

        請允許我向我們尊敬的朋友表示熱烈的歡迎。

        2)n.尊敬,尊重

        eg.Students ought to show respect for their teachers.

        學生應當尊敬老師。

        3)短語:show/have respect for 對。。。表示尊敬(尊重)

        試題:No girl who ____ herself would go out dressed like that.

        A. expected B. respected C. liked D. enjoyed

        解析 本句的大意是:能夠自重的女孩子不會穿那樣的服裝外出,expect:期待,期望;like:喜歡;enjoy:喜歡, 娛樂;故答案為 B。

        答案 B

        (9)fight for

        為…..而戰(zhàn),為爭取…..而斗爭,后常接抽象名詞(事業(yè),自由,權利….)

        fight against 為反對….而斗爭

        fight with 同….斗爭(同fight against)

        同….并肩作戰(zhàn)

        兩層含義正好相反

        eg.1.Britain fought with France against Germany in the Second World War.

        第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,英國和法國聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)抗擊德國。

        2. The workers are fighting for their rights.

        工人們正在為爭取自己的權利而斗爭。

        試題:

        改錯:You should be ready to fight for difficulties.

        解析 應把for 改為against,意思是“你應當準備同困難作斗爭”。

        三.同義詞辨析

        1.famous, popular

        二者皆為形容詞,都可作定語或表語,但基本含義不同。

        popular adj 大眾的,流行的,受歡迎的

        eg.popular songs=pop songs 流行歌曲

        Popular science readings 科普讀物

        famous adj 著名的,出名的

        eg. a place famous for its hot springs 以溫泉出名的地方

        試題:Fill in the blank with famous or popular.

        The food is ____ with westerners.

        解析 該句應譯為“事物應該是受到西方人的歡迎”,所以此空格應填popular.

        答案popular

        2.solo; alone; lonely

        1)solo 1.n.獨奏曲;獨唱;單獨表演

        2.adj.獨奏的;單獨的;單獨表演的

        3.adv.單獨的

        2)alone adj./adv. 獨自,單獨

        表示“單獨,獨自一個人”,不含感情色彩。

        3)lonely adj. 指人孤獨寂寞;指地方荒無人煙;有著濃厚的傷感色彩。

        試題:She lives alone ,but she doesn’t feel lonely.

        他獨自一人生活,但不覺得孤獨。

        注:此處的alone充當副詞。

        4)value, price短語:1.all alone 獨自,獨立

        2.leave/let…alone 聽任,別打擾

        3.let alone 更不用說

        eg.The baby can’t even walk, let alone run.

        這小孩還不會走路,更不用說跑了。

        注:alone 是個表語形容詞。

        eg. a lonely man(正確)

        an alone man(錯誤)

        3.value, price, cost 價值,價

        1)value 常指物品本身的價值,有時也被用作“價格”,隨市場行情而改變,因此在這種意義上一物的value 常指依賴于人的主觀看法。

        2)price 指價格,指商品出售時所定的價錢,尤指賣主所要求的價錢。

        3)cost 指原價、成本,包括對某物所付出的一切費用、時間、勞力等的代價。

        eg.1.Living costs are higher in cities than in the country.

        城市生活費用一般比鄉(xiāng)村高。

        2.The price is too high for its value.

        就其價值而言,價格太高了。

        4.lie lied lied lying 撒謊

        lie lay lain lying 躺,位于

        lay laid laid laying 放,擱,產(chǎn)卵,下蛋

        5. at , on 和by

        (1)at 用來表示某一時刻。如:

        at dawn 在黎明

        at six 在6點鐘

        at midnight 在午夜

        at 4:30 在30分

        (2)on 用來表示在星期幾或上、具體某一天。如:

        on Monday 在星期一

        on 4 June 在6月4日

        on Christmas Day 在圣誕節(jié)那一天

        但以下的情況例外:

        at night 在晚上

        at Christmas 在對話節(jié)期間(不僅當天)

        at Easter 在復活節(jié)期間(不僅當天)

        on the morning/afternoon/evening/night of a certain date

        在某一具體日期的早上/下午/傍晚/晚上/夜里

          We arrived on the morning of the sixth.我們在6號早上到達。

        (3)by a time /date :在某一時刻或在某一日期前。如:

        The train starts at 6:10,so you had better be at the station by 6:10 .

        火車6點10分發(fā)車,所以你最好在6點10分之前到達火車站

        另外,by 常常和完在時態(tài)連用。如:

        By the end of July, I’ll have read all those books.

        到7月底我將已把那些書全讀完了。

        6..journey, trip 和 travel

        (1)journey 適用范圍很廣,可指陸?盏穆眯,常指距離遠的旅行;trip指短時間、短距離的旅行,兩者通常互換用,常與其搭配的動詞有 make, take , go on 等。如:

        The journey from Wuhan to Shanghai took me three days by ship.

        乘船從武漢到止;宋胰鞎r間。

        They will make a journey/trip to Hong Kong . 他們將去香港旅行。

        Have a pleasant journey/trip!祝你旅途快!

        (2)travel 泛指旅游,前面一般不用冠詞,復數(shù)形式travels 多指旅行經(jīng)歷,前面不能用many 和其他數(shù)詞修飾。通常情況下,journey 和trip 強調(diào)往返性,而 travel 不側(cè)重往返性,可以是單程旅行。如:

        He likes travel very much .他非常喜歡旅游。

        He wrote a book about his travels in South Africa.他寫了一本有關他在南非旅行經(jīng)歷的書。

        7.across,through

        (1)across 通常指從表面“穿過”,“穿越”,與介詞on 有關,常用在 field, street, road, square,

        river, bridge 等詞的前面。如:

        They swam across the river in the dark.他們在黑暗中游過這條河。

        (2)through 指從內(nèi)部“穿過”,與介詞in 有關,常用在wood, forest, crowd, valley, difficulties 等詞的前面。如:Can you see it through the hole? 你能從這洞口中看到它嗎?

        Go through the woods and you’ll see a river. 穿過這片森林,你就能看見一條河。

        8.think of ,think about 和think over

        (1)作“考慮”或“想起”解時,think of 和think about 同義,可以互換。但作“對……有看法”或“評價”解時,只能用 think of 。作“仔細考慮”解時,只能用think over 。如:I am thinking about/of persuading Dad to stop smoking。

        我在考慮說服爸爸戒煙。

        What do you think of the pop star?你認為這位流行歌星如何?

        Think the problem over.仔細考慮一下這個問題。

        (2)前兩個短語是“動詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),不能拆開使用,賓語必須置于介詞后,而think over 是“動詞+介詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),可拆開使用,作賓語的名詞置于副詞 over 前的均可,但作賓語的代詞必須置于over 之前。如:

        I’m thinking of /about going abroad, but I haven’t decided yet.

        我正考慮出國,但還沒決定。

        Think it over, please.請仔細考慮一下這件事。(不能寫成:Think over it ,please.)

        9. used to , would

        (1)used to 表示“過去常!庇小斑^去如此,現(xiàn)在不這樣”含意?梢员硎疽环N習慣也可以表示一種狀態(tài)。如:

        Today’s Shanghai is quite different from what it used to be .

        今天的止海與往昔大不相同了。

        I don’t smoke these days, but I used to 。 我現(xiàn)在不抽煙,但我以前常常抽。

        (2)would 強調(diào)過去一段時間在與過去另一段時間相比之下經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,常與表示過去的時間狀語連用,用法比較單一。意思是“總是”,“總要”。如“

        On Sunday he would go to call on the old man when he was young.

        年輕時,他總在星期天時去拜訪那位老人。

        10. to , till/until

        (1)作介詞時,to 可以用于時間和地點之前; till/until 只用于時間之前?梢杂胒rom …to 或from…till/until結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

        They worked from five to ten/from five till ten .他們從5工作到10點。

        但如果句中沒有 from ,就要用 till/until 而不用 to :

        Let’s start now and work till dark.。讓我們現(xiàn)在開始工作一直到天黑。(這里不能用to .)

        (2)till/until 常用在否定句中,其句為not … until/till, 意為“直到……才”。通常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用,強調(diào)主句所表示的狀態(tài)或情景直到until/till 所表示的時間才發(fā)生。如:

        We didn’t get home till 2a.m. 我們一直到凌晨兩點鐘長到家。

        He usually pays me on Friday but last week he didn’t pay me till the following Monday.他一般在星期五付給我錢,但一星期他一直到第二周的星期一才把錢給我。

        (3)till/until 也常用作時間連詞。如:

        We’ll stay here till it stops raining . 我們將要呆在這里直到雨停了。

        Go on till you come to the level crossing . 一直走到火車道口的地方。

        注意:如果省略了you come to , 那么就要用to 來代替 till :

        Go on to the level crossing. 一直走到火車道口的地方。

        (4)用于句首時,多用until, 而不用 till .如:

        Until you told me ,I had heard nothing of what happened.

        直到你告訴我以前,出了什么事我一點也不知道。

        四.重點難點

        一.謂一致的三個原則

        二.所謂一致是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在人稱數(shù)、性等方面的協(xié)調(diào)關系。主謂一致是指

        一個句子的主語和謂語動詞保持人稱與數(shù)的一致關系。一個句子中主謂一致有三種基本原則:語法一致;意義一致;就近一致。

        (1)語法一致:指句中的動詞要和它的主語在語法形式上保持一致。其最基本的規(guī)則是:單數(shù)主語需要用單數(shù)動詞復數(shù)主語需要用復數(shù)動詞。如:

        No further explanation has been given by them so far 。

        到目前為止,他們還沒有作出進一步的解釋。

        (2)意義一致:從意義上看眼處理主謂一致關系,謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于主語所表達的概念,而不取決于表面的語法標志。如:主語的語法形式為單數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義,謂語動詞往往用單數(shù)。如:

        Bread and butter is what little John enjoys.小約翰喜歡吃涂有黃油的面包。

        (主語加雖有and ,但應作為一個整體看待,即“涂了黃油的面包”。

        (3)就近一致:即謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往與最近的主語保持一致。如:-

        Not only the parents but also James longs for a chance to visit China 。

        詹姆斯一家三口期望能有機會到中國旅游。

        應用時注意的問題

        (1)當主語為表示“距離”,“時間”,“長度”,“價值”,“金額”,“重量”,“容量”等復數(shù)名詞時,可以將其看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

        Six months is too short a time to learn a language . 六個月時間太短,不能學會一門語言。

        Twenty dollars is what he needs. 20美元是他所需要的。

        (2)主語后跟with (together with ), as well as ,like ,but ,besides, except, rather than 等引導的詞組時,謂語動詞的數(shù)隨主語而定。

        Tom ,together with me is in the same class . 湯姆和我是同班同學。

        No one except (but)you knows about the matter. 除了你沒人知道這件事。

        (3)當主語是each , every one of … ,everyone, someone, something ,anyone , anything ,

        none, nothing ,another, neither, little, a little ,much 等,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

        Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it .世上無難事,只怕有心人。

        Much of what you have said has nothing to do with the topic. 你所說的大多與題目無關。

        (4)單數(shù)名詞作主語,若前面被many a ,more than one 等詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:

        Many a pupil is busy preparing their lessons. 許多學生在準備他們的功課。

        More than one example is necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly .

        讓學生很明白地理解這項規(guī)則需要的不止是一例子。

        (5)當中心詞是 all, some , any , enough, most , half , the rest , the great part of 等時,其主謂一致一般遵循意義一致原則:如果所指為復數(shù)意義,動詞用復數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義支,動詞則用單數(shù)。

        Half of the building was damaged in the hurricane. 在颶風中這棟建筑物有一半遭到損壞。

        Half of the books were written in Chinese. 這些書有一半是用漢語寫的。

        (6)由并列連詞 either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also …,not…but …等連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與后一個主語一致。

        Either you or I am going to be sent there.. 你和我都要被派往那兒去。

        Not the teacher but his two classmates have helped to settle it .

        是兩個學生幫肋解決的。不是老師。

        (7)a number of 與 the number of

        a number of 表示“許多”,修飾可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復數(shù),可以用great, large 等修飾;the number of 意為“……的數(shù)量”,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:

        A great number of university students have volunteered to work in the west region of China.許多大學生已申請到中國西部去工作。

        The number of university students who volunteer to work in the west region of China is increasing .申請到中國西部去工作的大學生數(shù)目正在增加。

        (8)下列短語與單數(shù)名詞連用時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A great deal of ,a lot of ,lots of ,

        plenty of ,a quantity of ,quantities of ,a large amount of 等。

        A large amount of money is spent on food every year.

        每年有大量的資金都用在食物上。

        (9)由and 連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語,若名詞前有 every, each, no, many a 等修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

        Every boy and every girl of the school takes an active part in physical training. 學校的一位男女生都積極參加健身。

        No teacher and no student is admitted to the information center except on weekdays .只有在周末老師和學生才充許到信息中心。

        (10)單復數(shù)相同的名詞,如sheep , fish , deer ,swine , means 等作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)必須根據(jù)具體意義而定。

        The sheep is drinking there .那只綿羊正在那兒飲水。

        The sheep are very fat .這些綿羊很肥。

        五.時尚口語交際

        表示偏愛

        (一)saying what he prefers

        1.Do you like swimming more ? 你比較喜歡游泳嗎?

        2.Do you prefer the black pen or the blue pen? 你喜歡黑鋼筆還是藍鋼筆?

        3.Do you prefer to do the work all by yourself? 你寧愿一個人來做這項工作嗎?

        4.Which would you prefer, big or small? 你較喜歡哪一個,大的還是小的?

        5.Would you prefer sending an e-mail to her ? 你更愿意給她發(fā)封電子郵件嗎?

        6.Would you rather stay here or go back home ? 你寧愿留在這兒,還是回家?

        7.Which do you like better? 你更喜歡哪一個?

        8.You like tea better than coffee, right ? 你喜歡茶勝過咖啡嗎?

        9.What’s your favorite subject? 你最喜歡哪一個科目?

        10. Do you like football more than basketball ? 你最喜歡足球勝過籃球嗎?

        (二)Saying what you prefer

        1.I like the red one better. 我更喜歡紅色的。

        2.I enjoy watching football match more than any other match..

        我喜歡看足球賽勝過其他任何比賽。

        3.His one is better for me .這個對我來說更好些。-

        4. Collecting stamps is more fun to me .集郵對我來說更有趣。

        5.I find Chinese dishes more to my taste.我覺得中餐更合我的口味。

        6.I would prefer to go out for a picnic, if possible .

        如果可能的話,我更樂意外出野餐。

        7.In my opinion, the best thing is to have a good rest .

        依我看,最好的事是好好休息一下。

        8.I would rather watch TV at home .我寧愿呆在家里看電視。

        9.My favorite English song is yesterday once more .

        我最喜歡的英文歌是《昔日重來》。

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