勸告或建議(Advice and Suggestions)
a.You'd better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。
You'd better not go to bed so early.你最好別這么早上床睡覺。
You should /ought to study well.你應(yīng)該好好學習。
We must study hard.我們必須努力學習。
You need some time.你需要些時間。
I need take No.1bus.我需要坐1路公共汽車。
b.I suggest that you(should)go right now.我建議你馬上走。
c.Shall I do it for you?我為你做它好嗎?
Shall he come to see you?要不要他來看你?
Let's go home.我們回家吧。
Why not tell me by telephone?為什么不打電話告訴我呢?
Why don't you do it?你為什么不做它?
簡說:a組為規(guī)勸、勸告某人(或做某事)的常用語,b為建議的常用句式,c組為建議或請求的常用句子。
決斷和堅持(Determination,Decision and Insistence)
a.I will pay you at the rate you ask.我愿意按你要求的比率付款。
I've decided to go abroad for my holiday.我已決定出國度假。
I've decided against selling the house.我已決定不賣這所房子。
I've decided for the plan.我已決定贊成這項計劃。
I've made up my mind not to change my plan.我已決定不改變我的計劃。
I'm determined to pay him 100dollars.我決心付給他100美元。
b.I insist on quietness.我堅持要安靜。
I insisted upon her staying in London.我堅持要她呆在倫敦。
I insisted that he(should)be present.我堅持他要到場。
I insisted that he(should)come with us.我堅持他和我們來。
簡說:a組為表示決心干什么的常見句式,b組為堅持要干什么的常見句式。
判斷和意見(Judgement and Opinion)
a.He may be right./He's perhaps right.他可能/也許是對的。
It certainly is.當然是了。
It's correct to do it.做這件事是對的。
Well done./Good work.做得不錯。/干得好。
b.I judge him to be about 40.我判定他有40來歲。
I feel as if it were going to rain.我覺得好像要下雨了。
I guess you're right.我想你是對的。
Judging from her letters,Mother seems to be feeling a lot better.從母親的來信判斷,她似乎覺得好多了。
Judging by his accent,he must be from the south.從他的口音判斷,他一定是南方人。
It seems that you are lying.看起來你在說謊。
So far as I can judge,this car will hold six people.依我判斷,這輛車可以坐六人。
In my opinion,Americans eat a lot of meat/too much meat.在我看來,美國人吃肉多/吃肉太多。
簡說:a組為聽了對方的話以后,作出的裁決、評價的常見用語。b組為作出判斷和發(fā)表自己看法時的常用語。
看。⊿eeing the doctor)
a.What's the matter /wrong /the trouble?怎么啦?
What's the matter /the trouble /wrong with you(your leg,etc.)?你(的腿等)怎么啦?
Is there anything wrong with you /your leg?你(的腿)怎么啦?
b.There is something wrong with /Something is wrong with me(my leg).我(的腿)有點不得勁。
I've got a bad cold.我得了重感冒。
I feel terrible /bad.我覺得難受。
I don't feel well.我覺得不舒服。
I've got a pain here.我這兒有點疼。
My leg hurts.我腿疼。
I hurt my leg.我的腿受傷了。
c.Take this medicine three times a day.這個藥一天服三次。
Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.多喝點水,多休息。
It's nothing serious,you'll be all right /well soon.不要緊,很快就會好的。
簡說:a組為人們問哪兒有病,哪兒怎么啦的常用語。b組為病人說哪兒怎么啦,哪兒不舒服的常用語。c組為醫(yī)生給病人診斷以后,根據(jù)病情開的處方以及囑咐病人要注意什么。另外,涉及看病還常用下列短語:
take one's temperature量體溫
give sb.a(chǎn)n injection給某人打針
ask for a sick leave請病假
可能與不可能(Possibility and Impossibility)
a.He may be at home.他可能在家。
It is likely that they'll win.很可能他們會贏。
It is possible that I shall go there next week.可能下星期我去那兒。
b.He can't be at home.他不可能在家。
You may not do it.你不可以做它。
He is not likely to come.他不可能來。
簡說:a組是表達某人可能會怎么樣的常用句式,b組為某人不可能干什么的常見用語。注意一點就是can表推測時不可用于肯定句,只能用于否定句。
預(yù)見、猜測和相信(Prediction,Conjecture and Belief)
a.He will come tomorrow.他明天會來。
He must be in.他準在家。
He must have done his homework.他準完成了他的作業(yè)。
It seems(that)it's going to rain.看來天要下雨了。
c.I believe that he is right.我相信他是對的。
I believe him /what he said.我相信他說的話。
簡說:此三組依次為表示預(yù)見、猜測、相信的常見說法。
請求(Requests)
a.Can /Could you get some water for me?你給我拿些水來好嗎?
Will/Would you please open the window?請你打開窗戶好嗎?
May I have a piece of paper,please?我可以拿張紙用嗎?
b.Please pass me the book.請把那本書遞給我。
Please give them to me.請把它們給我。
Please wait here /a moment.請在這兒等/請等一會兒。
Please wait(for)your turn.請按順序等候。
Please stand in line /line up.請站(排)隊。
Please hurry.請快點。
c.Don't rush /crowd.不要急/不要擠。
No noise,please.請不要大聲喧嘩。
No smoking,please.請不要吸煙。
Will/Would you please not do it /sit here?請不要做它/不要坐在這兒好嗎?
簡說:a組為表示請求對方幫助或請求對方許可的客氣說法,b組為表示請求某人做某事的說法,c組為請求或命令某人做某事的說法。
肯定或不肯定(Certainty and Uncertainty)
a.He must be there.他準在那兒。
He must have missed the 6:30train.他一定沒趕上六點半的火車。
I'm certain(of success).我肯定(能成功)。
I'm certain /sure that you'll pass the exam.我敢肯定/確信你會通過考試的。
I'm sure of a heavy rain this evening.我確信今晚有大雨。
b.I can't be certain /sure.我不能肯定。
I can't make up my mind whether to go or stay.我決定不了是去還是留。
I'm not sure about /of that.對此,我沒有把握。
It's hard to tell.很難說。
I'm not sure whether /if I can get the money back.我不敢肯定我能否把錢取回來。
Maybe /Perhaps.可能。/或許。
簡說:任何事物都有正反兩方面,即肯定與不肯定,肯定用語往往是一針見血,直截了當,表示不肯定時,一般語氣委婉以免引起他人不快。a組是英語中表示肯定的常見句式,b組為表示不肯定的常見用語。
請求、允許和應(yīng)答(Asking for Permission and Responses)
a.May I come in?我可以進來嗎?
Can/Could I have a look at it?我可以看看嗎?
I wonder if I could take it away.不知我是否可以把它拿走。
Do you mind if I turn off the light?我把燈關(guān)掉你不反對嗎?
Would you mind if I smoke here?我在這兒吸煙,你不介意嗎?
I'd like to make a phone call here,if I may/you'll allow me.如果允許的話,我想在這兒打個電話。
b.Yes /Sure /Certainly /By all means.當然可以。
Yes,(do)please.行,干吧(說吧等)。
Go ahead,please.干吧(做吧等)。
That's OK /all right.沒有關(guān)系。
Not at all/Of course not /Certainly not.當然不反對。
Feel free.隨你便。
c.I'm sorry,you can't.對不起,你不能。
You'd better not.你最好不要。
No,I'm afraid not.不,恐怕不行。
I'm sorry,that's not allowed.對不起,這是不允許的。
I'm sorry,but that's not possible.對不起,但這是不可能的。
I'd like to,but my friend wouldn't.我是愿意的,但我的朋友不愿意。
簡說:請求對方允許時,要做到表情、言事、行動的統(tǒng)一,要語言和善,給人一種真心誠意之感,切忌先斬后奏,要禮貌地請求。a組表達請求允許的常見客套語。b組是給某人許可時的常見說法。c組是委婉拒絕別人請求時常用的客套語。
同意和不同意(Agreement and Disagreement)
a.Certainly /Sure /Of course.當然/行/好/沒問題。
OK/All right.好/行。
Yes,no problem.好/行。
Yes,please.可以/行/請吧。
Yes,that would be nice.好的,那太好了。
Yes,I think /suppose so.是的,我想是這樣的。
Good idea./That's a good idea.(那是個)好主意。
I'm of exactly the same idea.我的想法完全相同。
That's just my own opinion.這正是我自己的意見。
I quite agree with you.我很同意你。
b.No,I don't think so.不,我不這么認為。
I don't think that's right.我認為那是不對的。
I think you're mistaken.我認為你弄錯了。
I'm afraid I have a different opinion.恐怕我有一個不同的意見。 I'm afraid not.恐怕不行。
I'm sorry,but I can't accept that.對不起,那個我不能同意。
簡說:英語中表示同意,往往和漢語習慣差不多,直截了當。但表示不同意時,卻不直截了當,而采用一些適當?shù)脑~、句子,如:Sorry(I'm sorry).,I'm afraid.等,使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣,以便于對方接受。a組是表達同意的句式,b組是表達不同意的說法。