作者:劉世一
1. 【原文】 ... and it has been visited by man already. (L. 46)句中man在此是什么用法?謂語是什么形式?
【精析】 man表示"(男)人"時(shí)是具體名詞,前面要使用冠詞或復(fù)數(shù)形式。man表示"人類"時(shí),前不加冠詞,為單數(shù)形式,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如: Man can't live without air or water. 沒有空氣和水,人類就沒法生存。
句子的謂語是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)是:have / has been done。如: About two hundred stamps have been collected by David. 大約有兩百張郵票被大衛(wèi)收集了。
2. 【原文】 No eating, drinking or smoking is allowed ... (L. 47 )請(qǐng)講一下本句的主謂關(guān)系。
【精析】由形容詞no修飾的詞在句中作并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)離它最近的主語而定,即依據(jù)就近原則來確定。如:No food or drinks are in the fridge. 冰箱里沒有食物和飲料。
但如果原句的三個(gè)并列主語前沒有no修飾,那么謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,即原句可改寫為:
Eating, drinking and smoking are not allowed in the computer room.
3. 【原文】 All the computers must be shut down ... (L. 47)與"關(guān)"有關(guān)的詞語有哪幾個(gè)?
【精析】 shut, close, shut down, turn off都有"關(guān)"的意思,但在具體語言實(shí)踐中各有側(cè)重。
shut和close表示"關(guān)"的意思時(shí),常用來指關(guān)閉門窗,合上書本等,shut還可以表示"把......蓋上"。如:
Shut / Close the door. 關(guān)上門。
Close / Shut your books. 合上書。
Please shut down the lid of a box. 請(qǐng)把箱蓋蓋上。
shut down可以用來表示"關(guān)閉(電器類)",還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)(工廠、企業(yè))"倒閉;關(guān)閉"等。如:They've shut down their factory. 他們關(guān)閉了他們的工廠。
turn off 多用來表示"關(guān)上(電燈、收音機(jī)、煤氣)"等,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)通過旋鈕開關(guān)。如:Please turn off the lights in the room when you leave. 當(dāng)你離開時(shí),請(qǐng)把屋里的燈關(guān)上。
4. 【原文】 ... if you set your mind to do it. (L. 48)請(qǐng)講述一下有關(guān)mind短語的用法。
【精析】 本課出現(xiàn)的set one's mind"專心做某事",后跟不定式或介詞on(to)構(gòu)成的短語。如:
I've set my mind on this plan and don't want to give it up. 關(guān)于這個(gè)計(jì)劃我已經(jīng)下定決心了,不會(huì)放棄。
mind作為名詞組成的短語還有make up one's mind意為"下決心";keep...in mind意為"記住......;記在心里";come into one's mind"(想法等)浮現(xiàn)于(某人的)心中"。如:
Tom has made up his mind to be a teacher in the future. 湯姆已經(jīng)決定將來要作一名老師。
Please keep these rules in mind. 請(qǐng)記住這些規(guī)則。
A good idea came into his mind. 他想起了一個(gè)好主意。