作者:呂新軍
1.[原文] ① But I heard him speak.(L.65) ② Suddenly, they hear someone outside shouting: ...(L.66)為什么①句中speak用原形,而②句中shouting用的是V-ing形式?
[精析] 感官動詞hear后可以接動詞原形和V-ing作賓語補足語,即hear sb. do或hear sb. doing。二者的區(qū)別是:前者表示后邊的動作已經(jīng)完成,后者表示后邊的動作正在進行。試比較:
I heard him say that the matter was yet undecided. 我聽見他說那件事還沒決定。
I heard somebody laughing. 我聽見有人在笑。
2.[原文] I'll shoot anyone who moves!
(L.66)動詞shoot后如果加一個介詞at,意思有變化嗎?
[精析] 有。 shoot作及物動詞,表示"擊中",后接被擊中的對象。如:
He shot the bird dead. 他把那只鳥射死了。
當(dāng)表示"向......射擊"時,要用短語shoot at,此時不強調(diào)結(jié)果。如:
He shot at a dog, but missed it. 他朝狗開槍,但沒打中。
3.[原文] Who would you ask for help if you were robbed? (L.66)這句話在本課中并不表示過去,而謂語動詞卻用的是would ask和were,這是什么語法現(xiàn)象?
[精析] 這是一個含虛擬語氣的句子。在英語中,表達的假設(shè)或不大可能發(fā)生的事時,要使用虛擬語氣。如果假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在事實相反或與將來事實可能相反,條件從句為"if +主語+動詞過去式", 主句為"主語+should (would)+動詞原形"。(這種語法現(xiàn)象在以后會學(xué)習(xí)到。)如:
If I were you, I would leave him at once. 如果我是你,就立刻離開他。
句中ask sb. for help是"向某人求助"。ask sb. for sth. 是"向某人要求某物",ask for sb. / sth. 表示"要求見某人;要求與某人談話;要某事物"等等。如:
She asked him for advice. 她向他征詢高見。
Did anyone ask for me? 有人找我嗎?
Did you ask your boss for a pay increase? 你請求老板加薪了嗎?