作者:劉世一
1. [原文] I'm beginning to get angry with him. (L.69)句中begin是終止性動詞,卻用了進行時態(tài),怎么理解這一語法現(xiàn)象?
[精析] 在英語中,終止性動詞由于動作不能延續(xù)的特性,一般情況下沒有進行時態(tài),也不與時間段狀語連用。而英語中某些終止性動詞如come, go, leave, begin, start, return, move等的進行時態(tài)形式,可用來表達將來的含義,本句就是這一用法。如:
They are leaving for Beijing on business.他們要出差去北京。
The Greens are moving into a new flat.格林家準備搬進新公寓。
2. [原文] However, it is still not known whether he and Irvine ... (L.70)本句是什么句子結(jié)構(gòu)?
[精析] 這是一個主從復(fù)合句,whether引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,句首的it是形式主語。在英語中,往往采用"it is +過去分詞+從句"這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如"據(jù)說,據(jù)報道,據(jù)以為"等含義。如:
It is said that he is a good doctor.據(jù)說他是個好醫(yī)生。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 據(jù)報道,我國又發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星進入軌道。
3. [原文] ..., but some people wondered whether .... (L.70)動詞wonder有哪些用法?
[精析] wonder這一動詞在不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中表達的意思不同:
(1) 后接"who, what, why等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句"、"疑問詞+不定式"時,表示"想知道"。如:
The teacher wondered why she was late. 老師想知道她為什么遲到。
He wondered what happened. 他想知道發(fā)生了什么事情。
I'm just wondering how to do it. 我正想知道怎么做那件事。
(2)后接"that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句"、"不定式短語"時,表示"感到驚奇;對......感到驚訝"。如:
I wonder that he was off office.我對他下崗感到驚訝。
I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)她如此高興。
(3)后接if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,表示一種委婉的請求或疑問。如:
I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand. 我想知道你是否介意助我一臂之力。
(4)后接at 或about表示"感到驚異;感到疑惑"的意思。如:
I wonder at your allowing her to do such a thing. 我對你允許她做那樣的事感到驚異。
I wonder about my future.我對我的未來感到疑惑。
4. [原文] ... live in less developed countries are quite poor. (L.71)句中developed可改為developing嗎?
[精析] developed和developing是動詞develop的過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式,在句中作定語,兩者的區(qū)別是:(1)在時間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行,過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成。(2)在語態(tài)上(這條規(guī)則只符合及物動詞), 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動。所以developed countries是"已經(jīng)發(fā)展了的國家,即發(fā)達國家",改為developing countries是"正在發(fā)展的國家,即發(fā)展中國家",這樣句意就發(fā)生了改變。再如:
We knew the surprising fact.我們知道了那個使人感到驚訝的事實。
Those surprised people didn't move at all.那些受了驚的人們呆在那兒一動不動。