Unit 17 Great woman
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
大綱詞匯
admire, cheerful, mean, tense, dishonest, dull, mile, bottom, regret, extreme, extremely, value, pianist, promise, kindergarten, graduation
課標(biāo)詞匯
Inspire, champion, Antarctica, expedition, shelter, climate hardship, bear, scholarship
語法
Subject-Verb Agreement
功能句
Describing people
本單元教材內(nèi)容分析和處理
本單元中心話題是famous women--“著名女性”。介紹了世界上不同民族、不同領(lǐng)域中的非凡女性及其成就的取得，各部分的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這一中心話題而進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的。
Warming up部分呈現(xiàn)四幅著名女性的照片，它們分別是Song Qingling, Madame Curie, Pearl S. Buck and Mother Teresa。引出著名女性這一話題。在這個(gè)階段的語言實(shí)踐中著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生概述人物特征的能力。
課前預(yù)先設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)任務(wù)（Task）：Collect information about the famous women。發(fā)動學(xué)生通過各種渠道（雜志、圖書、因特網(wǎng)等）收集有關(guān)這四位女性的資料。這個(gè)任務(wù)的目的是使學(xué)生主動學(xué)習(xí)，擴(kuò)展和利用學(xué)習(xí)資源，從多渠道獲取信息, 為Warming up 作鋪墊，是熱身的預(yù)熱。它的完成便于在后面的小組活動中有話可說。小組活動要求學(xué)生分別說出她們的姓名、簡要經(jīng)歷及主要成就。小組活動結(jié)束后由小組長匯總報(bào)告。這樣，學(xué)生通過參與、合作與交流的學(xué)習(xí)方式使這一任務(wù)得以完成，對這四位著名女性有比較深入的了解，并明白偉大女性取得輝煌的成就必須付出艱辛這個(gè)道理，以此激勵自己。
人們都說：每個(gè)成功的男人后面都站著一位女性，那成功的女性后面是什么呢？也有人曾說：做人難，做女人更難，做名女人難上加難。由此揭開鍋蓋，讓學(xué)生討論這一話題導(dǎo)入另一個(gè)活動。這一活動由學(xué)生自己主持并展開討論，討論結(jié)束后由組長匯總陳述。在這一語言實(shí)踐過程中，使學(xué)生形成積極的情感態(tài)度，主動思維，大膽表述，提高語言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力，同時(shí)，又使他們陶冶情操、拓展視野，開發(fā)思維能力，發(fā)展個(gè)性，提高人文素養(yǎng)，形成健康的人生觀。
Listening部分的內(nèi)容是一則對話，談?wù)搊ld school photos 中的人物及其過去和現(xiàn)狀。用pre-listening 導(dǎo)入聽力內(nèi)容，然后要求學(xué)生根據(jù)聽力材料，正確記錄所談及人物的特征、專長及現(xiàn)狀，并對陳述的句子進(jìn)行正誤判斷。讓學(xué)生通過“聽”學(xué)習(xí)描述人物的形容詞，并在Post-listening中結(jié)合實(shí)際運(yùn)用，在這過程中發(fā)展學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力和語言運(yùn)用能力，讓他們活學(xué)活用，感受成功。
Speaking 由兩部分組成。一是小組活動。一學(xué)生想出一個(gè)著名女性人物，其他學(xué)生輪流提問并通過對方Y(jié)es/No的回答判斷該著名女性人物是誰，這一活動旨在激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，激活他們的思維。二是看圖描述人物。呈現(xiàn)了三幅不同身份普通女性的照片，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)照片對人物進(jìn)行描述，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生恰當(dāng)使用形容詞描述人物的能力。前一節(jié)課課外的一個(gè)任務(wù)是要求學(xué)生查找盡可能多的描述人物的形容詞，學(xué)生從描述著名女性到普通女性，學(xué)習(xí)使用各種描述不同人物品質(zhì)的形容詞，滿足不同類型和不同層次學(xué)生的需求，提供機(jī)會讓學(xué)生大膽、充分表現(xiàn)自我。
針對Speaking 部分設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)課堂任務(wù)：談話節(jié)目（talk show）。小組成員分別擔(dān)任主持人、著名女性、普通女性和一名男士，就“Women, their achievements and their difficulties”這一話題展開討論，各自抒發(fā)自己的觀點(diǎn)意見等。目的是讓學(xué)生通過討論交流，發(fā)展語言技能，提高語言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。
另一個(gè)是課外任務(wù)：收集有關(guān)兩極知識信息，包括地理位置、氣候特征，兩極的動物以及兩極的探險(xiǎn)等。目的是開發(fā)和利用廣播電視、英語報(bào)刊、圖書館和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多種資源，拓寬學(xué)習(xí)渠道，改進(jìn)單一被動接受知識的學(xué)習(xí)方式，讓學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)，主動獲取信息、處理信息和使用信息，提高學(xué)習(xí)效果，為下一課閱讀奠定基礎(chǔ)。這一任務(wù)溶入了其他學(xué)科的一些相關(guān)知識，涉及地理、生物等學(xué)科。它的完成可以通過pre-reading中的提問來檢測。目的是擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的知識面，促進(jìn)英語與其他學(xué)科間的相互滲透和聯(lián)系，發(fā)展學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)。
Reading本單元的閱讀部分是一位60歲的女性獨(dú)自一人在南極探險(xiǎn)的故事，是一篇以第一人稱來敘述的記敘文。敘述“我”獨(dú)自一人在南極探險(xiǎn)的故事，講述了“我”怎樣以頑強(qiáng)的意志和高超的自救技能戰(zhàn)勝困難，脫離險(xiǎn)境。表現(xiàn)了“我”樂觀和大無畏的精神。
文章一開始就表明作者是個(gè)不畏艱險(xiǎn)的探險(xiǎn)者，把南北極探險(xiǎn)作為自己生日的禮物，說明“我”樂于挑戰(zhàn)自我，征服自然。
第二、三自然段，描寫了南極惡劣的氣候條件。突出描寫“風(fēng)”，以“我”只能呆在帳蓬里反襯風(fēng)力的強(qiáng)大和環(huán)境的惡劣。
第四自然段寫在惡劣的環(huán)境中高唱著《生日快樂》給自己過生日，充分表現(xiàn)了主人公樂觀的性格特點(diǎn)。
第五、六、七自然段，寫了兩次遇險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)過。一次是不慎吊掛在一個(gè)幾百英尺深的洞穴，“我”憑著平時(shí)掌握的自救常識，成功地脫離險(xiǎn)境。掉下的冰塊聽不到聲音描寫了洞深不可測，而一句“感謝平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練”更是說明了求生的能力是平時(shí)刻苦練就的。第二次是寫我滑雪時(shí)腿部受傷，且傷勢不輕，最后還是以頑強(qiáng)的意志，忍著傷痛搭好帳逢，躲過了凍傷凍死這一大難。前一險(xiǎn)突出了我的沉著冷靜，臨危不懼。第二險(xiǎn)則突出了“我”有堅(jiān)忍不拔這一頑強(qiáng)的意志。
最后一段寫“我”脫險(xiǎn)后的心理感受，有議論，有抒情。在困境面前，“我”有過猶豫，也想念家人親情，但很快作出了抉擇--向既定目標(biāo)沖刺，永不言棄。這里雖然沒有豪言壯語，但充分表現(xiàn)了作者樂觀的情緒和生命不息奮斗不止的精神。這種積極向上的人生態(tài)度確是世界上所有人學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣，更是學(xué)生應(yīng)該樹立的人生態(tài)度。
這是一段自傳體的文章，屬記敘文，寫作者的一段人生經(jīng)歷，表達(dá)方式是敘述，最后點(diǎn)睛之筆是議論和抒情。全篇文章以生動具體的事例表現(xiàn)人物性格、道德品質(zhì)和中心思想。作者以第一人稱自敘，仿佛把讀者帶入冰天雪地的南極探險(xiǎn)，隨她一同面臨危險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)，顯得真實(shí)可信，有很強(qiáng)的說服力和感染力。
通過一學(xué)期的閱讀教學(xué)，學(xué)生已初步建立了閱讀的基本技能-Skimming(略讀)和Scanning(查讀)，教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合語境，采用推測、查閱或詢問等方法進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。
1、Skimming
A）先通過讓學(xué)生看標(biāo)題，猜一猜獨(dú)自一人在南極探險(xiǎn)的人會是怎樣一個(gè)人。然后快速閱讀，找出文章中是怎樣的一個(gè)人。
B）給出6個(gè) statements, 讓學(xué)生聽錄音，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤。
2、Scanning
A）根據(jù)課文設(shè)計(jì)了5個(gè)問題讓學(xué)生查找答案。
B）歸納文章的各個(gè)段落，并就每個(gè)段落的具體細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)問題，找出答案。
Title Alone in Antarctica
Par Outline Detail
1 The journey of challenge and danger began 1.What did she do at 50? 2.What would she do at 60? 3.When did she begin her journey?
2 The first days of the journey 1.What was the weather like? 2.How was the wind later? 3.How many hours did she travel when the winds increased?
3 Her birthday in Antarctica 1.When was it? 2.How did she spend her birthday?
4 Self rescue 1.What happened when she was moving forward over a slope? 2.How did she rescue herself?
5 A bad accident 1.How did she hurt herself? 2.What’s the result of the accident?
6 Making a decision How did she make a decision?
Post-reading 部分里有兩種練習(xí)。第一部分是針對文章的理解，設(shè)計(jì)了五個(gè)選擇題，檢測學(xué)生對文章理解的程度。第二部分是學(xué)生評價(jià)文中的人物，旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的概括能力，有條理地描述人物，并表達(dá)個(gè)人的見解，與此同時(shí)，可不失時(shí)機(jī)地滲透德育教育。
閱讀課教學(xué)中可以安排的活動：
1、就探險(xiǎn)期間某一日寫一篇日記。
Nov.12, 1997 / Nov. 22, 1997
2、“Famous Women”雜志社記者采訪Helen Thayer，并為此刊寫一篇報(bào)道。
Language study分詞匯和語法兩部分。為配合這部分的詞匯教學(xué)，在這部分的Warming up 中設(shè)計(jì)了小組猜詞匯競賽。詞匯部分設(shè)計(jì)了10個(gè)語境，幫助學(xué)生加深對新詞匯的理解和記憶，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生在語境中理解詞匯的能力，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成通過語境記憶詞語的方法。
本單元的語法項(xiàng)目是主謂一致。主要是群體名詞作主語的用法。如果群體名詞指整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果指個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
首先提供主謂一致的語法規(guī)律和例子，供學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)并探究群體名詞主謂一致的變化規(guī)律。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用觀察、發(fā)現(xiàn)，歸納和實(shí)踐等方法，學(xué)習(xí)語言知識，感悟語言功能。
然后是機(jī)械性操練（Mechanic drill）。用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，強(qiáng)化群體名詞一致規(guī)律的掌握。讓學(xué)生自己發(fā)現(xiàn)、得出這一單元的語法規(guī)律，并提供其他類似的群體名詞供拓展使用。
最后一部分是根據(jù)示范做不定代詞的人稱指代的練習(xí)。
為引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對本單元語法進(jìn)行有意義的操練（Meaningful drill）設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)學(xué)生會的通知。
通 知
校園文化周即將來臨，請各相關(guān)部門做好準(zhǔn)備工作。請合唱團(tuán)、舞蹈隊(duì)、文學(xué)社成員做好彩排，屆時(shí)為全校師生奉獻(xiàn)出一臺高品質(zhì)的晚會。
請攝影俱樂部與書畫俱樂部組織好各自成員參加攝影展與書畫展。
請足球隊(duì)、籃球隊(duì)積極訓(xùn)練，為文化周期間的比賽做好準(zhǔn)備。
學(xué)生會
×年×月×日
Integrating skills 部分包括讀、說、寫三種。其中讀說結(jié)合，要求學(xué)生閱讀文章，找出Oprah Winfrey 是怎樣步入成功的，用臺階的圖表說明她從出生到步入輝煌的成就，以及取得這一切的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
a successful TV personality a woman who has inspired millions
work for television talk about /great moments/ difficulties help / come to terms with program about literature / popular win many prizes
go to university Host a talk show AM Chicago → The Oprah Winfrey Show for over 20 years.
a bright girl 6-14 hard won a college scholarship part-time job on a radio program
black born in a poor family
skip second grades
hard work discipline self-improvement success
完成閱讀后，做一個(gè)role play-Oprah Winfrey 的現(xiàn)場工作實(shí)況。學(xué)生遇到麻煩（與同學(xué)的相處，與父母的相處，如何成名等）請求現(xiàn)場解答幫助。這一活動以學(xué)生的生活為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，所遇到的都是發(fā)生在學(xué)生身邊的事，貼近學(xué)生的生活，具有真實(shí)性，可以發(fā)展學(xué)生用英語解決實(shí)際問題的能力，同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。
通過閱讀和討論，掌握用典型事例刻畫人物性格特征的寫作手法，了解成功女性應(yīng)具備的條件和品質(zhì)，進(jìn)一步培養(yǎng)概括能力和描寫能力。強(qiáng)調(diào)敘述人物時(shí)做到觀點(diǎn)與材料相統(tǒng)一，善于用具體生動的事例去表現(xiàn)人物。隨后提供范文，要求學(xué)生會寫fan letters（慕名信）， 旨在讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用寫作方法。
Tips部分向?qū)W生提供了如何描寫人物的一些建議。旨在幫助學(xué)生了解描寫人物的框架及文體特點(diǎn)。學(xué)會用生動具體的實(shí)例去表現(xiàn)人物，刻畫人物的性格特點(diǎn)，從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語寫作能力。
Checkpoint簡要總結(jié)了本單元的語法重點(diǎn)--主謂一致。并羅列了一些常用的群體名詞供學(xué)生拓展使用。最后兩個(gè)問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對本單元所學(xué)的詞匯作一次小結(jié)，以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生自主探索的學(xué)習(xí)能力。
教學(xué)過程
導(dǎo)入
模塊一：Warming up. (問答方式).
T: In March, there is an important international festival. Do you know what the festival is?
S: Yes. It’s Women’s Day.
T: Very good. Now we’re going to talk about some famous women in the world. Open your books and turn to Page 22. Please look at the pictures. Talk about them in groups of four. You’re given three minutes to discuss them. After that, I’ll ask some students to talk about them. Is that clear?
教學(xué)過程
導(dǎo)入
模塊二：Warming up.（辯論形式）
T: As is known, women didn’t have high positions in ancient times and were not allowed to receive education and have jobs. But nowadays the situation for women has greatly changed. And a lot of successful women have appeared in all kinds of fields. Do you think women are able to do more than men or not? Now let’s have a debate: Girls are pros: women are able to do more than men. Boys are cons: women are not able to do more than men.
教學(xué)過程
導(dǎo)入
模塊二：閱讀（Reading） 解讀標(biāo)題
When I first read the title ALONE IN ANTARCTICA. I was a bit puzzled. My first question is “Where is Antarctica? ” What questions do you have?
Where is Antarctica?
Period 1
（一）明確目標(biāo)
1. Learn how to describe people in English.
2. Improve the students’ abilities of listening and speaking.
（二）整體感知
Step 1 presentation
People often admired great persons, especially great women. Why? It has often said that life is difficult as it is. For women it sometimes twice as difficult. That is, it is more difficult t for women to become famous or get jobs in high positions. What do you think?
（三）教學(xué)過程
Step 2 warming up
1. Ask the students to look at the pictures of the four great women and tell who they are?
2. Divide the students into small groups to discuss the questions given.
Step 3 listening
1. Listen to the tape and fill in the form.
2. Listen to the tape again and do true-or-false exercises.
Step 4 speaking
Look at the pictures and tell what kind of people they are by using the words and useful expressions given.
（四）總結(jié)、擴(kuò)展
1. Work in groups and play a game of question-and –answer only by answering “yes” or “no”.
2. Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
3. Talk about a great women you admire and explain why.
（五）隨堂練習(xí)
根據(jù)內(nèi)容填空
1. That house is ____. There is nothing in it now.
2. Your uncle is not _____ about this money. He is very ____ to buy you that expensive car for your birthday.
3. The new employee was ____ and quick to learn.
4. He was so ____ that he can move such a heavy stone easily.
8. In the past, the Chinese people lived a ____ life.
參考答案
1. empty 2. mean; generous 3. smart 4. tense 5. hardworking 6. blind 7. strong 8. miserable
Period 2
（一）明確目標(biāo)
1. Read about the great woman Helen Thayer.
2. Train the students’ abilities of reading.
3. Learn the subject –verb agreement.
（二）整體感知
Step 1 presentation
It is freezing cold in the North Pole and the South Pole. Few people, in the world have ever been there. However, there was a brave woman who had traveled alone to the North Pole and the South Pole. Do you know who she was? Right, Helen Thayer. She was the first woman who traveled alone there. Today we are going to read about the great woman the great woman, Helen Thayer.
（三）教學(xué)過程
Step 2 pre-reading
Get Ss to discuss the questions above the passage with their partners before reading the text.
Step 3 reading
Get Ss to read the passage fast and in silence.
Step 4 post reading
Ask the students to answer the questions given after reading.
Step 5 language study
1. Go through the passage together with the students and deal with the language points in it.
2. Dead with word study.
3. Learn grammar (the subject-Verb-agreement)
（四）總結(jié)、擴(kuò)展
Step 6
1. Write a summary of the text.
2. Do the exercises in Wb.
（五）課堂練習(xí)
1. The teachers each _____ a computer (have, has)
2. The students ____ a Chinese- English dictionary. (Have, has)
3. Each of the students ____ a Chinese-English dictionary. (have, has)
4. ____ either of your parents written to you recently? (has, have)
5. Not only the father but also the children ____ sick.(are, is)
6. All the anxious to know the result of our English test.(are ,is)
7. All of the fruit ____ good. (taste, tastes)
8. Many a student _____ sure that our team will win.( is , are)
9. Six and six ___ twelve. (make, makes)
10. Everybody ___ what they have to do after the meeting. (knows, know)
11. The dollars ____ not enough for the ten –speed bicycle. (is ,are)
12. The rest of the speech ___ not very interesting. (sound ,sounds)
13. In that country the poor ___getting poorer and poorer .(is ,are)
14. She as well as her two sisters ____ music. ( like ,likes )
15. A professor with four children ____ in the lab this morning. (was, were)
16. The singer and dancer ___ come this afternoon. (has have)
17. The singer and dancer _____ going to give the performance this evening. (are ,is)
18. My family ____ not large.(is ,are)
19. My family all ____ music.(loves, love)
參考答案
1. have 2. have 3. has 4. has 5. are 6. are 7. tastes 8. is 9. makes 10. knows 11. is 12. sounds 13. are 14. likes 15. was 16. has 17. are 18. is 19. love
Period 3
（一）明確目標(biāo)
1. Get the students to know about the great woman Oprah Winfrey.
2. Let the students know what is needed to e a successful man, especially a successful woman.
3. Train the student’s ability of writing.
（二）整體感知
Step 1 presentation
At the beginning of this unit, we’re got to know about several great women, such as Song Qingling, Madame Curie, and pearl S. Back, mother Teresa and Helen Thayer. Today we are going to read about another great woman named Oprah Winfrey; Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality in the US but also a woman who has inspired millions of people.
（三）教學(xué)過程
Step 2
Read the text careful and then do the writing exercises below the passage.
Step 3
Learn to write a fan letter, read the tips about describing people before beginning to write.
Step 4
1. Tell the students again tips about how to describe people.
2. Finish the exercises in Wb.
（五）隨堂練習(xí)
Write a letter to Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei in about 100 words.
二、本單元知識要覽：
1、重點(diǎn)單詞:
inspire vt. 鼓舞、感動、激發(fā)、啟示 admire vt. 贊美；欽佩；羨慕
regret. vt. 為……感到遺憾；后悔 increase vt, vi 增加；增大
value vt. 估價(jià)；評價(jià)；重視 threaten vt. 恐嚇；威脅；預(yù)示危險(xiǎn)
bother vt. 煩擾；打擾 vi. 煩惱；操心 generous adj. 慷概的；大方的
cheerful adj. 愉快的；高興的 mean adj. 卑鄙的；吝嗇的
warm-hearted adj. 熱誠的，熱心的 cold-hearted adj. 冷漠的；無情的
tense adj. 緊張的，拉緊的 miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲慘的
dishonest adj. 不誠實(shí)的 dull adj. 遲鈍的；無趣的；呆滯的
optimistic adj. 樂觀的 extreme adj. 極端的；極度的；偏激的
stormy adj. 暴風(fēng)雨的；多風(fēng)暴的；激烈的
2、重點(diǎn)詞組：
be about to do. 即將，正要做某事 around the corner. 很近
struggle through. 艱難地渡過 find…doing. 發(fā)現(xiàn)---處于（狀態(tài)）
increase to.增加到 none of毫無，一個(gè)也沒有
lie down躺下；（風(fēng)）漸息 at the top of one’s voice以最大的嗓音
tie to系在，栓在 (be) in good health身體狀況好，健康
put up a tent 搭起，架起帳蓬 make a decision作為決定
give up放棄 think of考慮、想起、記起
come to terms with 甘心忍受（不愉快的處境） rise to fame 出名
lead…to… 通向，導(dǎo)致
3、詞匯拓展：
inspire (vt) → inspiring (adj) inspired(adj)
inspiration(n) admire (vt) → admiring (adj)
admirer(n) admirable (adj)
admiration(n) value (vt) → valuable (adj)
valuation(n) valuables(n)
valuer (n) valueless(adj)
extreme (adj) →extremely (adv) extreme(n)
extremist(n) extremism(n)
cheerful (adj) → cheerfully (adv) cheerfulness(n)
cheerless(adj) cheery(adj)
4、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
（1）It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.
（2）…during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.
（3）I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world
dropped out from under my skis.
（4）In her television shows she makes it possible to talk about great moments and difficulties in
people’ lives.
（5）I had travelled only two hours one day when the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent
up before the winds became too strong.