Unit8 Sports
語篇領悟
1. Which of the following is correct about the Olympic Games?
A The first modern Olympic Games took place around the year 776 in Greece.
B All the women athletes were not allowed to take part in the old Olympic Games
C 311 competitors from 13 countries took part in the old Olympic Games
D The Olympic Games were never forgotten even though they were stopped for centuries
2. ____ are the old games in which the athletes competed in the old Olympics
A Sailing and shooting B Running and horse-riding
C Jumping and wrestling D Shooting and running
3. How many countries joined 9in the first modern Olympic Games?
A 311 B. 227 C. 300 D. 13
4. Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
A. When the old Olympic games stopped
B. Why the old Olympic games stopped
C. Whether women were allowed to take part in the old Olympic games.
D. Where the 27th Olympic games were held.
5. Which of the following is not true according to the text?
A. Women were unfairly treated around 776BC
B. Horse-riding isn’t included in the Olympic games
C. Every athlete tries to win a medal in the Olympic games
D. China is very strong in gymnastics and diving.
6. What does “another great competition ” refer to?
A. The 2004 Summer Olympic Games
B. The 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake city in the USA
C. The competition between countries to host the Olympic Games.
D. The Football World Cup in South Korea.
7. Which could be another title for the text?
A. The Summer Olympic Games
B. The Winter Olympic Games
C. The World’s Greatest Sports Games
D. A Great Victory for China
8. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. the Chinese team was the second strongest in the 25th summer Olympic
B. in Barcelona men athlete won more than 4 gold medals for the Chinese team
C. the Olympic games stopped in 193 AD because of corruption(腐敗) and cheating
D. Now many countries compete to hold the Olympics because they can benefit a lot from the games
9. What will happen in 2010?
A The 28th Olympic Games will be held
B The 30th Olympic Games will be held
C The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing
D The Winter Olympic Games will be held
10. Why do countries compete to host the Olympic Games?
A Hosting the Olympic Games is considered to be an honor for a country
B The host country will certainly win more gold medals
C The athletes of the host country do not have to travel abroad
D Hosting the Olympic Games makes a country very rich
Keys: D C D B B C C D D A
Language Points:
1. What does the five Olympic rings stand for?
代替,代表,象征
字母UK 代表聯(lián)合王國.
The letters UK stand for the United Kingdom.
主張,支持
我們主張言論自由.
We stand for freedom of speech.
2. Each question is worth one point.
Worth n. 價值
這幅畫沒有多大的價值
This painting is of little worth.
這是一本有真正價值的書
This is a book of real worth.
adj. 值…的，價值… 的
這本舊書值多少錢? 30 美元.
How much is this old book worth? It’s worth $30.
電影泰坦尼克很值得再看一遍.
The film Titanic is well worth seeing once again.(表示很,非常worth用well修飾,不可用very修飾)
這個問題很值得再考慮一下.
The question is well worth thinking over.
這本書值得一讀.
This book is worth reading.= This book is worthy of being read. = This book is worthy to be read.
3. I would rather watch it than play it.
Would rather 為情態(tài)動詞,接動詞原形,用于以下結構:
do sth.
Would rather not do sth.
do sth. than do sth.= would do sth. rather than do sth.
他寧可考試不及格,也不愿意抄別人的答案.
He would rather fail in the exam than copy other’s answers.
他愿意盡力幫助那些需要幫助的人.
He’d rather do his best to help those who are in need of help.
Would rather 后接賓語從句,從句可用虛擬語氣形式,,用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或將來的行為,用過去完成時表示過去的行為.
我寧愿你明天來.
I would rather you came tomorrow.
我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就去.
I would rather you went now.
我真希望你昨天在那兒.
I’d rather you had been there yesterday.
4. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
Every adj. 與數(shù)詞或few, other連用，表示“每,每隔”表示時間或空間的間隔.具體用法:
Every+基數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞
Every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
每年 every year 每兩年/每隔一年 every two years/second year 每三年/每隔兩年every three years/ third year
我每隔兩天( 每三天)到那兒去一趟.
I go there every three days/third day.
每隔六小時吃一次藥
Take the medicine every six hours.
Every other + 單數(shù)名詞 “每隔一”every other day/ year / line 每隔一天/年/行
Every +few +復數(shù)名詞 “每隔幾”every few meters 每隔幾米
高考題: These plants are watered_____.B
A. each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days
每隔一天every second/ other day , every two days
5. Some of the games in which the young men competed were: running, jumping and wrestling.
Game, match 與competition
Game多用與美國英語,match 多用于英國英語,指非正式的比賽多用game, 指預先安排好的比賽多用match, game常指有一定的規(guī)則,決定勝負的腦力或體力方面的競技, match 多指網球,足球,高爾夫球等運動項目的比賽,competition強調通過個人的體力,智力或技能等的競賽而獲取名次的各種比賽.
他贏了頭兩場比賽,但輸了第三場.
He won the first two games but lost the third.
他們與另一所學校進行了一場足球賽.
They played a football match against another school.
她在選美比賽中獲得了第二名.
She took the second place in the beauty competition.
Compete vi.競賽,競爭
Compete in 在某一方面競爭
Compete for 為 而競爭
Compete with/ against 與 競爭
有多少運動員參加馬拉松賽跑？
How many runners will be competing in the marathon?
那兩隊都要爭當冠軍
The two teams compete for the championship.
他相信沒有人能與他抗衡
He believed that nobody could compete with him.
competition
competitor
6. Women were not allowed to take part in the games.
Allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事，相當與let sb. do sth.
名詞/代詞
allow+ sb. to do sth. (sb. be allowed to do)
doing sth.
我們不允許在此吸煙
We don’t allow smoking here.
我的父母不允許我在外面呆得太晚
My parents don’t allow me to stay out late.
我們不被允許在學校聚會
We are not allowed to have a party at school.
練習
He is said to _____ to his country because a new president comes into power. （A）
A. be allowed to return B. allow to return C. allow returning D. be allowed returning
7. The first Olympic Games in modern times happened in 1896.
In modern times在現(xiàn)代 in old/ancient times在古代
特例 in Shakespeare’s time = in the time of Shakespeare 在莎士比亞時代
Times 時代，時期，境況，日子
這些年你過得很苦嗎
Have times been hard for you these years?
時代變了，我們不應該落伍
Times have changed, and we shouldn’t fall behind them.
這是當代速度最快的計算機
It is the fastest computer of modern times.
Times 表示 倍數(shù)，次數(shù)
為了環(huán)境的改善問題他們已經爭吵過多次了
They quarreled with each other about the improvement of environment many times.
這個房間是那個房間的三倍
This room is three times as big as that one.
8. In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking the third of all the competing countries.
Ranking… 現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語�，F(xiàn)在分詞（短語）可在句子中作時間狀語，原因狀語，方式或伴隨狀語，結果狀語等，邏輯上的主語通常是主句的主語。
聽到這個消息，他高興的跳起來了 (時間狀語)
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
由于不知道他的電話號碼，我無法打電話給他 （原因狀語）
Not knowing his telephone number, I can’t ring him.
他跑著到我們這邊來了（伴隨或方式狀語）
He came running towards us.
那孩子跌倒了，頭撞到了門上（結果狀語）
The child fell, striking his head against the door.
我乘的火車6點出發(fā)，10點到達上海 （補充說明，相當于and arrived）
My train started at six, arriving in Shanghai at ten.
9. The people of Beijing, and of the whole country, will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.
Prepare 準備,常用于下面的結構：
prepare sth. 準備某物
Prepare for sth. 為某事做準備
Prepare to do sth. 準備做某事
Prepare sb for sth/ to do sth 使某人準備好做某事
Be well prepared for sth./ to do sth. 為做某事做好了準備
媽媽在廚房準備晚飯 ,而我在為晚飯做準備
Mother is preparing dinner in the kitchen, while I am preparing for the dinner.
我們在為即將到來的考試做準備
We are preparing for the coming exam.
你必須教他準備面對困難
You must prepare him to face the difficulty.
Prepare 名詞preparation
為… 做準備 in preparation for (介詞短語)
她買了一件外套以備冬天穿
She bought a new coat in preparation for winter.
為… 做準備 make preparations for
我們已經為即將來臨的考試做了準備
We have made preparations for the coming exam.
10. Being the host of the Olympic Games will have good and bad effects on the host city.
Have an effect (effects) on/upon 對… 有影響/ 起作用
我的話對她不起作用
My words had no/little effect on him.
當學生會主席對她的學習有一定的影響
Being chairman of the Students’ Union has certain effect on her study.
11. Yao Ming has more than just size, he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player.
More than 遠不止，不僅僅
和平不僅僅意味著無戰(zhàn)爭
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
比…多，甚于
那噪音我受不了
The noise was more than I could bear.
杭州的美是言語所無法描述的
The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words can describe.]
More than +單數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)
不只一個學生持反對意見
More than one student holds the opposite opinion.
12. Yao Ming is working hard to live his dream. 實現(xiàn)他的夢想
live實現(xiàn)，在口語中，通常用通俗而形象的詞代替較為正式的說法
live one’s belief 實現(xiàn)自己的信仰
我洗它的時候，它就褪色了
When I washed it, the colors ran（faded）.
這條路通向倫敦
The road goes to (reaches) London.
13. How much does he weigh?
Weigh vt. 稱…的重量
他們不知道怎么來稱那頭大象
They don’t know how to weigh the elephant.
vi. 重量為
那個大盒子重量很輕/重
The large box weighs light/ heavy.
他是個很高的籃球運動員，體重一百公斤
He is a tall basketball player and weighs 100 kg.
Weight n. 重量
舉重 weight lifting
減肥 lose weight 增肥 put on/ gain weight
按重量 by weight
Grammar 語法
六種表示被動意思的主動結構：
1． 某些連系動詞，如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, seem, prove等，用主動形式表被動意義
棉花摸上去很柔軟
Cotton feels soft.
這種混合物嘗起來很糟
The mixture tasted terrible.
這種方法證明是有效的
The method proved effective.
2. 有些不及物動詞（其主語大多指物）可以表達被動意義。這種不及物動詞有：
（1） 某些可以用來表示主語內在“品質”或“性能”的不及物動詞，lock, shut, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, cut 等
這個房間很容易打掃
This room cleans very easily.
這種布料好洗
The cloth washes well.
這門關不上
The door won’t shut.
這首詩讀起來很好
This poem reads well.
(2) 某些表示“發(fā)生happen, take place, 爆發(fā)break out 和傳播spread” 的不及物動詞
二十世紀九十年代，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化
In the 1990’s, great changes took place in China.
(3) 某些可用于“主+謂+主補”結構中的不及物動詞，如wear, blow 等
門給吹開了
The door blew open.
這塊材料已經用薄了
This material has worn thin.
3. 不定式以主動形式表達被動意義的情況
（1） 不定式作定語與被修飾名詞構成動賓關系
他說他有一個重要的會議要參加
He said he had an important meeting to attend.
(2) 在be + adj. + 不定式結構中
這水適合飲用
The water is fit to drink.
這房子難找
The house is difficult to find.
注： 用于該句型的典型形容詞有 easy, hard, important, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible 等
（3）不定式與疑問代詞連用
The question is what to do next.
I don’t know whom to tell.
(4) 某些動詞的不定式to blame, to seek, to let 等與 be連用
這房子是要出租的
The house is to let.
原因不難找到
The causes are not far to seek.
我覺得我也應該受到責備
I felt I was to blame, too.
4. 在need, want, require 等后作賓語的ing形式的動詞，用主動表示被動的意義
This sentence needs improving.
The walls want painting.
5. 主語+ be + worth + v.-ing 結構中的ing形式的動詞用主動形式表示被動意義
The work itself is worth doing.
Her story is worth listening to.
6. 少數(shù)暗含持續(xù)狀態(tài)的動詞的進行時也能表達被動意義
書正在出版中
The books are publishing.
她還上了所有欠款
She paid all that was owing.