【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.重點詞匯、短語、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1）fall, suffer, suggest, head
2）prepare for; insist on; throw away; take an interest in ; take…by surprise; in charge of; as well as; set up; set sail
3）insist that sb. (should) do sth. ; be to do sth.
2．課文掌握程度
1）了解航海，探險等有關(guān)詞匯。
2）訓(xùn)練閱讀理解。
3．重點語法
The V-ing Form as Object, Subject and Predicative
4．交際要求
Talk about the preparation for the trip.
5．寫作要求
Describe a place.
【重點難點解析】
1，in charge of
in charge of意為"管理、掌管、負責(zé)"（=in a position of responsibility for）。例如：
The lady in white whom Aqiao met in the valley was Lady Silkworm, the fairy in charge of the harvesting of silk.阿巧在山谷里遇到的白衣娘子就是掌管養(yǎng)蠶產(chǎn)絲的蠶花娘子。
Mr Li will be in charge of the whole company next month when the manager is away.
下個月經(jīng)理外出時，由李先生來負責(zé)整個公司。
Doctor Wang will be in charge of the operation.
王醫(yī)生將負責(zé)這次手術(shù)。
She is in charge of our class. 她擔(dān)任我們班的班主任。
Mary was in charge of the baby.瑪麗負責(zé)照料這個嬰兒。
【注意】in charge表示主動的"主管、負責(zé)"。這個介詞短語可作表語或定語，其主語為"人"；in charge of也表示主動的"主管、負責(zé)"的意思。主語是表示人的名詞或代詞，在句中常作定語和表語；in the charge of的主語常是表示某個單位、部門或某項工作等的名詞。例如：
If we have any question, we may ask the leader in charge.
若有問題，我們可以問問那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，由他負責(zé)一切。
Professor Wang is in charge of this university. 王教授負責(zé)這所大學(xué)。
This university is in the charge of Professor Wang. 這所大學(xué)由王教授主管。
This ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr. Smith.
醫(yī)院的這個病房由史密斯醫(yī)生負責(zé)。
2，The man often falls ill and suffers fever.
水手們經(jīng)常得病發(fā)燒。
1）suffer遭受，蒙受。在本句中作及物動詞，所接賓語指痛苦，疾病，寒冷，饑餓，損失等。如：
She was suffering from a headache. 她正經(jīng)受頭痛之苦。
Many people suffer from a great dread of heights. 許多人非常畏高。
2）fall 意為"進入某種狀態(tài)"時，是連系動詞，后接形容詞、副詞或名詞。如：
Last week she fell ill from cold. 上星期她著涼生病了。
His voice choked at the painful memory and he fell silent.
這些痛苦的回憶使他聲音哽咽，他沉默了下來。
The book was old and soon fell apart.
這書已有年頭了，沒隔多久書頁都脫落了。
He fell asleep while studying his grammar book.
他在看語法書時睡著了。
As a language grows, new words are introduced and many words fall out of use.
隨著語言的發(fā)展，新詞出現(xiàn)了，同時也有許多字被廢棄不用了。
【注意】fall 表示進入某種狀態(tài)，不表示該狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，故fall不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，例如我們不能說 He has fallen ill for three days.而應(yīng)該說 he has been ill for three days.
3，defeat, beat打敗，它們的賓語都必須是人或一個集體；team(school, class)等，beat多用于游戲，比賽，defeat尤指戰(zhàn)爭，有時兩詞也可互換。
Tom beat Jim and won the race.
We beat their team by 10 points.
I can easily beat him at golf.
Jack's school beat Tom's at baseball.
Our school defeated that school at football.
After a year of war it had however been badly defeated.
The Italian fleet was defeated by the Austrian.
4，It is a good, strong ship, though not very fast.
這是一艘速度不太快，但非常堅固的好船。
1）though雖然，盡管，從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中"it is"經(jīng)常省略，如：
The article is very important though(it is) short. 那篇文章雖短，但很重要。
He went on with his work, though(he was)tired. 他盡管很累，還繼續(xù)工作。
I went on talking, though(I was) continually interrupted by them.
盡管他們不斷打斷我的話，我繼續(xù)發(fā)言。
Though(he is)still a young man, he is a leading biologist in that country.
雖然他還是個年青人，卻是那個國家的首席生物學(xué)家。
2）類似的省略從句主語及謂語中的be動詞還運用于when, where, if, as, as if等連詞引出的時間、地點、條件、方式、比較等狀語從句中。如：
Fill in the blanks with articles wherever(they are)necessary.在必要的地方填上冠詞。
As(it was) scheduled, they met again on Jan. 20.按照事先安排的日程，他們于元月二十日再次見面。
When(you are)in need, you may ask me for help.你需要時可向我請求幫助。
The boy looked as if(he were)afraid of nothing.
那個男孩似乎什么都不怕。
5，search for到處找尋
in search of 找尋（引起狀語）
I must search for that lost money until I find it.
He searched my face for my real intentions.他觀察我的臉色以找出我的真正意圖。
I've been searching every where for those scissors.
The police searched the city for the thief.
Police and dogs searched the woods for the missing boy.
They started off at once in search of the missing girl.
The boy went in search of something to eat.
6，map n. v.地圖（可數(shù)），繪制（某地區(qū)）地圖
map out 制定（計劃），規(guī)定
put on the map使（某地）出名
This big new hotel certainly put our town on the map.
The expedition will map the South Pole.
He mapped out his holiday well ahead.
He has mapped out what he will do.
Tom is mapping out what we should do.
7， at sea
at sea在文中是"在海上，在航海"，含有"離海岸很遠"之意。例如：
This is my first voyage at sea. 這是我第一次出海航行。
The ship was hit by a hurricane and some sailors were buried at sea.
這艘船在海上遇到颶風(fēng)，一些水手葬身海底。
注：
1）at sea除作上述解釋外，還可引申為"不知所措、茫然"，這時常與all，completely等副詞連用。例如：
We are all at sea as to what to do next.
我們?nèi)徊恢乱徊皆撟鍪裁础?/p>
He was completely at sea when he began his new job.
他剛開始干他的新工作時，他完全不知怎樣做才好。
I can't understand this problem. I'm all at sea.
我不懂這個問題，我完全摸不著頭腦。
When it comes to mathematics, I'm completely at sea.
至于說到數(shù)學(xué)，我簡直一竅不通。
2）在英語中，有許多結(jié)構(gòu)用與不用定冠詞在意思方面有著很大的區(qū)別。
在英語中，有許多結(jié)構(gòu)用與不用定冠詞在意思方面有著很大的區(qū)別。
8，keep sb. healthy 使…保持健康
keep, n. "使維持（某種狀態(tài)）"，后可接adj. (v-ing, p. p, adv)等作賓補。
eg. I was so tired that I could hardly keep myself awake.
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
They kept us out.
Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.
9，break out （戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病、瘟役等的）爆發(fā)
eg. The American Civil War broke out in 1861.
Fire broke out in the neighbour last night.
break的短語還有：
break out in (into) . . . 忽然（做出）……
break out in laughter 突然放聲大笑
break in（強盜等）強行闖入
break into 闖入；打碎（打破）成……
break up 分開，分割
10，take . . . by surprise 對……突然襲擊，出乎……意料。如：
I took him by surprise and he had no time to think of an excuse.
我（的詢問）使他出乎意料，他沒有時間想出借口。
She was so taken by surprise at his rudeness that she burst into tears.
她對他的粗魯行為毫無思想準(zhǔn)備，以至突然哭了起來。
The enemy took the town by surprise. 敵軍對該城實行突然攻擊。
【語法－V-ing】
1．動詞-ing形式作主語，往往表示事物化、抽象化的概念，而動詞不定式作主語強調(diào)具體動作。如：
Seeing is believing. （=To see is to believe.）眼見為實。
下列情況用動詞-ing形式作主語，通常不用動詞不定式作主語。
1）在It + be + no use/no good/useless +動詞-ing形式句型中（此時也可用動詞不定式作真正主語）。如：
It's no use crying over the spilt milk.牛奶已潑，哭也無益。
2）在There + be + no +動詞-ing形式句型中。如：
There is no joking about such matter. 這種事情不能開玩笑。
3）在一般疑問句中用動詞-ing形式而不用動詞不定式作主語。如：
Can playing music records make cows give more milk?
放音樂磁帶會使母牛多產(chǎn)乳嗎？
2．動詞-ing形式作表語，有的和主語表示同一概念，可以和主語互換；有的表示主語的事物的特征，不可和主語互換。如：
One of the good exercises is climbing mountains. 登山是一種很好的鍛煉。
�。ň渲兄髡Z和表語表示同一概念，可以改成：Climbing mountains is one of the good exercises.）
The colour is pleasing to the eyes.顏色悅目。（表語表示主語的事物的特征，相當(dāng)于形容詞，不可和主語互換）
3．動詞-ing形式作賓語。某些及物動詞后一般不能接動詞不定式作賓語，只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語。它們是：
avoid（避免），advise（勸告），admit（承認），consider（考慮），dislike（討厭），escape（逃避），enjoy（喜愛），finish（結(jié)束），mind（反對，介意），miss（錯過），risk（冒險），suggest（建議），practise（練習(xí)），excuse（原諒），imagine（想像），keep（繼續(xù)不斷），以及短語can't help（不禁，忍不�。�，put off（推遲），keep on（繼續(xù)，堅持），give up（放棄，不再做），be worth（值得）等。如：
Would you mind passing me the salt?請你把鹽遞給我好嗎？
He admitted stealing the necklace the day before and said he was sorry.
他承認前天偷了項鏈，說他很抱歉。
On hearing the joke we couldn't help laughing.
一聽到這笑話我們不禁笑了起來。
注：
★某些動詞如begin, start, continue等后既可用動詞不定式作賓語，也可用動詞-ing形式作賓語，意思區(qū)別不大。如：
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他們繼續(xù)工作，似乎什么也沒發(fā)生。
★某些動詞如like, love, prefer, hate等后接動詞-ing形式作賓語指經(jīng)常性的情況，用動詞不定式作賓語指具體的動作。如：
Though his income is small, he loves buying/to buy books.
雖然他收入不高，卻愛買書。
I'd like to have something to eat. 我想吃點東西。（would/should like后只能接動詞不定式作賓語，不能接動詞-ing形式，因為想做的是一次性的具體動作。）
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.天下雨時他寧愿待在屋里。（用動詞-ing形式作賓語，指每逢天下雨留在家里的經(jīng)常情況）
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我寧可留在家里（用動詞不定式作賓語，指今天下午留在家里一時的，具體的動作。）
★某些動詞，如 remember, forget, try, stop, regret, go on等后接動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式作賓語，意義不同。如：
I remember locking the door.（=I remember that I locked the door. remember +doing sth. 意為記得自己曾做過某事）我記得曾鎖過門。
I will remember to lock the door.（=I will not forget to lock the door. remember to do sth. 意為記住要做某事，此事還沒有做）我會記住鎖門的。
Stop talking, please. I've something important to tell you. 請不要講話。我有要事相告。（stop doing指停止做某事，不再做某事）
When he felt tired, he stopped to take a rest. 他感到疲勞時就停下來休息。（stop to do sth.意為停下來或中斷原來動作以便做另外某事）
I tried rubbing my sore arm, and I felt better. 我試了試按摩酸痛的胳臂，覺得好一些。（try doing sth. 意為試做某事，看會發(fā)生什么情況）
I will try to do the work well. 我一定努力把工作搞好。（try to do sth.意為作出一番努力，試圖做某種困難的事）
I think you will regret leaving London.我想你會后悔離開倫敦（regret doing sth.意為后悔做某事）
I regret to tell you that your grandfather is badly ill. 我很遺憾地告訴你，你祖父病重。（regret to say/tell意為因即將說（告訴）某事而遺憾）
Dick went on asking about various friends.狄克繼續(xù)詢問各種朋友的情況。
�。╣o on doing sth.意為繼續(xù)做原來做的事情）
After criticizing our plan he went on to put forward his own proposal.他批評我們計劃后接下去提出自己的建議。（go on to do sth. 意為接下去做另外一件事）
★want, need后接動詞-ing形式作賓語，含被動意義，相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。如：
Your hair needs cutting/to be cut.你的頭發(fā)需要理。
The house wanted doing up/to be done up unless you decided to move into the country.如果你不想搬往鄉(xiāng)下，你的房屋就得修理。
【練習(xí)檢測】
Ⅰ用動詞的正確形式填空。
1. Don't let me catch you (do )that again!
2. (hear) the bad news ,she burst into tears .
3. (hear) the bad news ,she was still calm as usual .
4. When he woke ,he found himself (look after) by a nurse .
5. I'll have you all (speak) English well within a year.
6. (live ) in the city for years ,he knew every street there.
7. (live) in the city, he tried to know every street there.
8. (walk) along the river ,they hear someone (shout )for help.
9. (recognize) the old friend of his in his childhood, he went over to say hello to him .
10. (recognize) him ,he pretended not to have seen him.
11.I saw the boy (climb) up the tree and (sit ) in the tree, (sing ) happily.
12.Can you smell something (burn)? Go to the kitchen and have a look.
13.My hometown is found completely (change).
14.I am sorry. I kept him (wait ) for many hours.
15. (admit) what you said was true. I still thought you were wrong .
Ⅱ閱讀理解.
(A)
Have you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow .People's feet always move when they dance .They keep on moving until the music stops.
People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time .This story is of a different kind of dance .It is the dance of bees .
If you have ever watched bees ,you know that they are very clever. They also work hard looking for food and bringing it back to their home .
The home of the bees is called a bee hive. Here hundreds even thousands of bees live. They work day and night building small walls of wax .There they make their honey . This is the same honey that we eat.
Where does the honey come from ?Bees live on food from flowers .Have you seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower ,it tries go to the centre of it .There it takes in as much food as its body can hold .Then it files to take the food back to the hive.
At the hive, bees changes this flower food into honey .Then they fly away for more food .
How do the bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide. When it discovers good flowers ,it flies back to the hive and tells the others .It does this by dancing for them .
The bee dances on one side .This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers .But that is not all .The bee dances for some time .And the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.
When the bees see the dance ,they know where the flowers are .They fly away and return with more food for the hive.
Sometimes we hear the music of the bees as they fly around .But few people have ever seen them dance. Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat.
1. The write believes that
A. People dance better than bees
B. people learned dance from bees
C. bees dance more often than people
D. bees don't like music
2.From this passage we know that the dance of bees means
A. they are good at dance
B. they want to show their beauty
C. they communicate with each other
D. they have nothing to do
3.Which of the following is true?
A . People get honey from flowers directly.
B. People draw honey from bees' bodies
C. People produce honey in a secret place .
D. People get honey from bees in directly.
4.What character do bees have?
A. Dance-loving B. Hardworking
C. Music -loving D. Active
5.If a bee wants to get some information about the distance of food ,he may watch closely at of the other bees' dance.
A. the side B. the length C. the place D. the time
(B)
Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day , it is also the most neglected(忽視）.Common reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time ,not feeling hungry ,traditional dislike for breakfast ,and dieting .
Breakfast simply means "break the fast ". Your body spends at least 6 to 12 hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy for the day's work ahead .
A good breakfast should provide up to 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the days .On average ,we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner . If breakfast doesn't appeal to you in the morning , try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning .
If you still aren't hungry in the morning ,start with something small like juice or toast or have a nutritious midmorning snack (小吃）later when you are hungry.
So , you say you're on a diet .Some people fear eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more .It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. That's because your body is working correctly .Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long ,in reality you are probably not .
Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later .To make matters worse ,since your body is in a slowed state it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently . If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become hungry and stuff yourself as soon as you begin to eat.
Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day , choosing the right fuel is important .The best breakfast foods fruits ,juice ,lean (清瘦的）meat , and grain products such as bread , noodles ,and cereal(谷類）.
1. What's the meaning of the word "fast "in the phrase "break the fast?"
A. movement B. going without food
C. quickness D. certain kind of food
2.If you don't want to have breakfast in the morning ,according to the writer's suggestion, you should .
A. see a doctor to have an examination
B. have a little supper
C. go to a restaurant to enjoy a good meal
D. have a good supper
3.Eating breakfast ,in fact ,makes your body
A. work out of order
B. produce too much energy
C. work well
D. feel hungry quicker
4.Not eating breakfast will
A. save a lot of money
B. do harm to your health
C. do good to your health
D. help you keep in shape
5.In the last paragraph the writer mainly
A. persuades us to have a good breakfast
B. tells us what food is not suitable for breakfast
C. describes when and how we should have our breakfast
D. tells us what food we should have for breakfast
(C)
Education is not an end , but a means to an end. In other words ,we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them .Our purpose is to fit them for life.
In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable(時興的）to think that by free education for
all--whether rich or poor , clever or stupid --one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees ,they refuse to do what they think "low "work and , in fact ,work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries .But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated , farmer is far more important than that of a professor, we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets
and took the rubbish away from our houses , we should get terrible diseases in our towns...
In fact , when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life , it means that we must be educated in such a way that , firstly each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and ,
secondly that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society , and that is very bad to be ashamed of one's work . Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.
1. The writer of this passage thinks that
A. education can settle all of the world's problems
B. free education for all probably leads to a perfect world
C. free education won't help to solve social problems
D. all the social problems can't be solved by education
2. The writer wants to prove that
A. our society needs all kinds of jobs
B. our society needs free education for all
C. a farmer is more important than a professor
D. people with university degrees refuse to do what they think "low" work
3. According to the passage , .
A. work with hands is dirty and shameful
B. work with hand is low work
C. work with hands is the most important
D. we can't regard work with hands as low work
4. The purpose of education is
A. to choose a system of education }
B. to prepare children mainly for their future work
C. to let everyone receive education fit for him
D. to build a perfect world
5. The passage tells us about of education
A. the means B. the system
C. the value D. the type
(D)
Recently ,a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called "Money and the Meaning of Life .He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think .One of the exercises he asked his students to do is to keep a record of every penny they spend for a week .From the way they spend their money , they can see what they really value in life.
He says our relation with others often become clearly defined when money enters the picture .You might have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends .But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money .If he does ,it brings something to the relationship if he doesn't .
This person may say that he has a certain feeling , but if it is not carried out in the money world ,there is something less real about it .
Since money is so important to us ,we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important .The author interviewed some millionaires in researching his book.
Question: What is the most surprising thing you have discovered about being rich , because you are a self-made man ?
Answer :The most surprising thing is how people give me so much respect . I'm nothing .I don't know much
.All I am is rich .
People just have an idea of making more and more money ,but what is it for? How much do I need for any given purposes in my life? In his book ,the professor uncovered an important need in modern society :to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world ,but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
1.According to the first paragraph, people have not realized
A. how important money is in their day-to -day life
B. how one spends money shows what is important to him
C. that money is more important than their philosophy of life
D. that their understanding of life is more important than money
2.The author seems to believe that asking your friend to lend you some money
A. is a good way to test your friendship
B. will do harm to your friendship
C. will strengthen (增進)
D. is a good way to break off your friendship
3. What can we learn about the millionaire from his answer in the inter view?
A. He does not feel that he is well educated
B. He doesn't think that he is a very important person
C. He does not think that being rich deserves so much attention .
D. He does not consider himself to be very successful.
4.What does the American professor of philosophy want to explain in his book?
A. Money is an end . B. Money is a means
C. Money is everything D. Money is unimportant
5. Which of the following might the author disagree?
A. Money is important in modern society .
B. The meaning of life does not completely lie in money.
C. Wealth will surely bring the owner happiness.
D. Happiness is not necessarily the result of wealth.
Ⅲ 書面表達.
根據(jù)下列提示以Antarctica(南極洲)為題寫一篇簡介。
位置：地球最南端(extreme south) 大部分在南極圈(Antarctic Circle)內(nèi). 面積:大約14萬平方公里,幾乎相當(dāng)于歐洲和澳大利亞面積的總和.
氣候：世界上最寒冷,常年被冰雪覆蓋,冬季長達七個月(四月到十月),在這段期間南極周圍的海都冰凍.
自然資源：動物:企鵝(penguins), 鯨,礦產(chǎn):鐵、煤。
人口：無常住人口（permanent inhabitants）,只有科學(xué)工作者，中國科學(xué)工作者1984年開始在南極工作。 ,
【參考答案】
Ⅰ
1.doing 2. Hearing 3.Having heard 4.being looked after 5. speaking 6.Having lived 7. Living 8. walking shout /shouting 9. Recognizing 10. Having recognized 11. climb ,sitting , singing 12. burning 13. changed 14. waiting 15. Admitting
Ⅱ
(A) C C D B B
(B) B B C B D
(C) D A D B C
(D) B A C B C
ⅢWriting :
Antarctica lies in the extreme south of the earth . It largely is within the America Circle .It has an area of about 140,000 square kilometers . It is equal almost to Europe and Australia put together . Antarctica is the coldest continent .It is covered with cold thick ice and snow all year round . Its winter months are from April to October. During these months al round the Antarctica the sea freezes ,which makes it impossible for ships to reach the coast. Although it is the coldest in the world , it is a very rich continent .There are many well-known animals such as penguins and whales . It is also rich in mineral resources including iron and coal .Up to now there are no permanent inhabitants except some visiting scientists, including some Chinese scientists ,who began their work from 1984 on .They have set up many research stations
A lot of research work has been carried out in recent years, but much still has to be learned about the land lying under the ice.