高三Units 21-22
重點知識歸納及講解
1. My aunt, Mrs Flower, died three weeks ago. Her husband had built up a large business during his lifetime.我姑媽弗勞爾太太三周前去世了。她的丈夫在世時創(chuàng)立了一個大企業(yè)。
該句中build up意思是“逐步建立”，強調(diào)“逐步”。例如：
The university has built up a net work of its own institutes.這所大學(xué)已建立起自己的研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
The company has built up a large fund for ages.
多年來這個公司已積累了大量資金。
2. …h(huán)e left all his money to his wife.
----他把全部錢財留給了他的妻子。
leave sth. to sb.把--留給---（尤指死后留下--給----）。
He left his house to his brother.他把房子留給他兄弟。
也可以寫成He left his brother his house.
leave sth. to (with) sb. 托付--（某人），委托----
Leave this to me.把這事交給我（辦）吧。
You should leave the matter to the lawyer.
你應(yīng)該把這事委托給律師辦。
3. When my aunt was buried, Clare turned up at the service, …在我姑母下葬時，克萊爾突然出現(xiàn)在葬禮上，------
該句中，turned up意思是“到來，出現(xiàn)，找到”，尤指出乎意料之外地到來或找到。例如：
He promised to come, but so far he has not turned up.
他答應(yīng)來，可是到現(xiàn)在還沒來。
I expect it will turn up one of these days.
我想這幾天總會找到它的。
4. I want you check out this Clare Flower and see that she has the right to get my aunt’s money…我想要你調(diào)查一下這位克萊爾 弗勞爾，看看她有沒有權(quán)力得到我姑媽的錢財。
該句中check out是“檢查，核查�！崩纾�
We have checked out all these figures and found them to be correct.我們核對了所有數(shù)字，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們都是正確的。
Ask them to check the information out for me.
請他們替我們把這情報核查一下。
5. “He married my aunt in 1968, so Clare would have been five years old.”他是1968年同我姑媽結(jié)婚的，因此，克萊爾想必（那時）已是五歲了。
句中would+have+p.p.表示從現(xiàn)在角度對過去的推測（想必是）。例如：
The lady you referred to would be Mrs Black.
你所提到的那位太太想必是布萊克太太。
I thought our mother would have waited for us long there. 我想母親想必是在那等了我們好長時間。
6. Can you go through them and give me whatever you find?
你能不能仔細(xì)檢查一下，把找到的東西交給我們？
go through 的意思是“檢查，搜查�！崩�
The customs men went through his suitcases.
海關(guān)人員檢查了他的衣箱。
The policemen went through every room of the building.警察搜查了那座建筑物的每一個房間。
7. It only remains for me to pass all the money that she had to the right person.我還要做的事只是把她所有的錢交給合法的繼承人。
it only remains for sb. to do sth.意思是“某人所要做的是”，句中it為形式主語，for sb. to do sth.為不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做真實主語。例如：
It only remains for him to say that he agrees to the plan.他所要做的只是說一說他同意這一計劃。
8. Mrs Flower directed that all the money that belonged to her should come to you.
弗勞爾太太指示說，屬于她的全部錢財都應(yīng)當(dāng)歸你所有。
該句中direct的賓語從句用了should +原形動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，其中should可以省去。例如：
The general directed that the prisoners (should) be set free.將軍命令把所有的辦犯全都釋放。
The teacher directed all the students (should) gather in the playground.老師命令所有的學(xué)生到操場集合。
9. “I’m allowed to change the colour of my hair,” she said angrily.“我可以改變我的頭發(fā)的顏色，”她憤怒地說。
be allowed to do“可以做---；得到允許做-----”。不要按漢語譯為“被允許做-----”。例如：
Are we allowed to play catch here?
我們可以在這里練投球嗎？
They are allowed to watch TV every evening.
每天晚上他們可以看電視。
10. Don’t tell me that all this is because of photograph taken when I was twelve.
不要跟我講這一切都是由于我12歲時的一幀照片。
該句主句為Don’t tell me that…其后接了一個賓語從句。從句的主語為all this，其表語是because of photograph taken when I was twelve，而在這個表語中包括了由過去分詞taken做定語，在分詞短語又包括了一個由when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
11. The lawyer was brief and to the point.
律師的答復(fù)簡明扼要。
to the point意思是“中肯的，切題的，扼要的”，其反意詞組為off the point“離題的，題外話”。例如：
In spite of all his talk he never seems to come to the point.盡管他說了許多話，卻似乎永遠(yuǎn)說不到點上。
He always speaks to the point. 他講話總是很中肯的。
12. She instructed in her will that if that were to happen, all the money should go to an organization for helping the blind called “Helping Hand.”她在遺囑中指示說，如果發(fā)生這種情況的話，這筆錢就該全部歸于一個叫做“援助之手”的盲人救濟(jì)組織。
該句是個主從復(fù)合句，其主句為She instructed in her will,其后接一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這里that不可以省，而在賓語從句中又包括了一個由if引導(dǎo)的條件從句。在賓語從句中又有一個過去分詞called短語作定語。
注意在句中賓語從句含有一個由if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。從句中用了were to do結(jié)構(gòu)表示對將來情況的推測或假設(shè)。例如：
If the sun were to rise in the west, I would follow you.
要是有一天，太陽從西邊出來，我就聽從你的。
If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put the sports-meet off.如果明天萬一下雨，我們就把運動會延期。
13. turn短語
（1）turn about向后轉(zhuǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)過身來；使----向后轉(zhuǎn)
All of a sudden he turned about and saw me.
他突然轉(zhuǎn)過身看見了我。
（2）turn back折回，往回走
It looks like rain, we’d better turn back.
像是要下雨，我們還是往回走吧。
It is clear that the wheel of history cannot be turned back.很明顯歷史的年輪不能倒轉(zhuǎn)。
（3）turn down拒絕（某人，請求，提議）；調(diào)低，關(guān)小
He wanted to join the army but was turned down because he was under age.他要求參軍但因年齡不夠而沒被同意。
Please turn the radio down. It’s too loud.
收音機太響了，請把它調(diào)低一些。
（4）turn in交進(jìn)，上繳，歸還
After the football match, the players turned in their uniforms.這場足球比賽之后，隊員們把運動衣歸還。
（5）turn into進(jìn)入；變成
We turned into a narrow lane.
我們進(jìn)入了一條小胡同。
He has turned into a brave fighter.
他已成為一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。
The ancient city has now turned into a modern industrial base. 現(xiàn)在這座古老的城市已變成一個現(xiàn)代化的工業(yè)基地。
（6）turn off關(guān)掉（自來水、煤氣、收音機）；解雇；失去興趣
Be sure to turn off the gas before you leave.
請你在離開之前務(wù)必把煤氣關(guān)上。
The boss thought him a trouble-maker and turned him off.老板認(rèn)為他是個鬧晤者，于是把
他解雇了。
This music really turns me off.
這種音樂叫我倒胃口。
（7）turn on旋開（自來水、煤氣、收音機等）
Shall I turn on the bath for you?
我給你放浴水好嗎？
（8）turn out生產(chǎn)，制造，培養(yǎng)出；證明是，結(jié)果是，原來是
The university has turned out some first-rate scholar.這所大學(xué)培養(yǎng)出一些一流的學(xué)者。
Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.出乎意料之外，那天天氣特別好。
（9）turn over翻動，滾動；使翻倒；翻閱，翻查；移交
They helped to turn over the huge stone.
他們幫助把這塊大石頭翻過來。
The car turned over when the driver was making a sharp turn.司機一個急轉(zhuǎn)彎，汽車翻倒了。
Mr Smith was idly turning over a magazine, the bell rang.
當(dāng)史密斯先生正隨便翻閱一本雜志時，鈴聲響了。
I turned over my work to him before I left the office.
我離開辦公室前把這工作交給了他。
（10）turn to著手工作；求助于；變成；轉(zhuǎn)向
We all turned to and soon had the room tidy.
我們一起動手，很快把這房子打掃干凈
Don’t hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty.
你要有困難，盡管來找我們好了。
The ice turned to water.冰化成了水。
Now let us turn to the problem.現(xiàn)在我們著手處理這個問題。
（11）turn up發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到；意外地出現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)
He turned up a jar of ancient coins.
他挖了一缺罐子古錢。
I’m sure your lost watch will turn up eventually.
我肯定你那只丟失的表最后總會找到的。
Her name is often turning up in the newspapers.
她的名字經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在報紙上。
14. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，喂食處越遠(yuǎn)，舞蹈動作的速度就越慢。
該句中有個結(jié)構(gòu)“the+比較級，the+比較級”，是條件狀語從句，表示“越就越”。例如：
The more we looked at the picture, the less we liked it.
我們越看這畫，越不喜歡它。
The busier his is, the happier he feels.
他越忙越感到高興。
注意：the在這里不是冠詞，而是副詞。
常見的一些含有該句型的省略句子：
The more, the better.越多越好。
The sooner, the better.越快越好。
15. So another astonishing fact came to light.
于是又發(fā)現(xiàn)一個令人驚訝的情況。
come to light是個動詞短語，作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”“暴露”解。例如：
New facts about ancient China have recently come to light.有關(guān)古代中國的史實最近已有新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
16. It soon became clear that the straight part of the dance changed when the sun’s position changed.很快就清楚了，舞蹈的直線部分是隨著太陽的位置改變而改變。
該句屬于It be/become+adj. /n. +that clause,句中it為形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的整個從句。
常用的這種結(jié)構(gòu)有：
It is clear that…很清楚----
It is obvious that…很明顯------
It is necessary that…很有必要---
It is a pity that…很可惜----
17. To his astonishment, the bees began to perform a dance on the surface of the honey comb.
使他驚奇的是，這只蜜蜂在蜂巢面上跳起舞來。
to one’s +n是個常用的短語結(jié)構(gòu)。
to one’s joy使-----高興的是----
to one’s surprise使----吃驚的是----
to one’s disappointment使----失望的是------
to one’s sorrow使----悲痛的是----
18. But then another question came up.但是接著又提出了一個問題。
come up作“提出，發(fā)生”講。
His name came up whenever the matter of nuclear energy was discussed.每當(dāng)討論核能問題時，他的名字就是被提到。
The question of wage increases came up at the meeting.
增加工資的問題在會上提出來了。
注意：come up為不及物動詞短語，譯成漢語時往往加“被------”。一定要注意，漢語是被動概念，而英語是不及物概念。
19. He set out to discover whether the wadding dance showed direction.他便著手了擺尾舞是不是能夠表明方向。
該句中set out to do sth.是“著手，動手”做某事。例如：
She set herself out to finish the work within this week.
她力求在本周內(nèi)完成這個工作。
They set out to design a big steel bridge across the river.他著手設(shè)計一座跨河大鋼橋。
注意容易混淆的結(jié)構(gòu)：
set out+n.意思是“陳述，解釋�！�
He said that he was going to set out his plan at the next meeting.他說他將在下次會議上說
明他的計劃。
set out for意思是“動身出發(fā)去-----”。
They will set out for Shanghai tomorrow.
他們將在明天動身出發(fā)去上海。
20. the number of 和a number of
the number of表示“-----數(shù)目”，當(dāng)它作主語時謂語要用單數(shù)形式，of之后要接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The number of cattle is growing.牛的數(shù)目還在增長。
The number of the League members in our class has increased to 41.我們班團(tuán)員的數(shù)目已增加到41人。
a number of表示“若干-----許多”。它做主語時，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
A number of young teachers have joined the Party.
有很多青年教師入黨。
注意：Bus No. 3, Room No. 205, Middle School No. 12.等
短語不加the，而the No 3 Bus 中的the不能省。
21．有關(guān)時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句中的省略問題。
本單元出現(xiàn)這樣的句子：
Back at the hive they watched the wagging dace closely.他們回到蜂箱旁，仔細(xì)觀察擺尾舞。
back at the hive=when they were back at the hive
若從句中含有be動詞，并且主句主語和從句主語相一致或主語是it時，從句中常常省掉主語和謂語的一部分（特別是動詞be）。例如：
Whenever in difficulty, you can come to me for help=Whenever you are in difficulty, …
每當(dāng)你有困難時，你可以來我這兒求助。
Do not leave the room till told to do so.
=Do not leave the room till you are told to do so.
有人叫你離開時，你方可離開此屋。
22. come up的含義
come up除本單元做“提出，發(fā)生”解外，還有：
（1）走近，接近，臨近。
He camp up and introduced himself to all the guests.他走上前來并向所有客人做自我介紹
Christmas is coming up soon.圣誕節(jié)快要到
（2）上來，上樓。
Don’t wait down there; come straight up.
請不要在下面等，直接上樓來吧。
（3）（從土中）長出，發(fā)芽。
The seeds never came up at all.種子根本沒發(fā)芽。
（4）上升；（地位）升高；（情況）改進(jìn)。
He was an officer who came up from the ranks.
他是由士兵提升到軍官。
（5）嘔吐，吐出。
The child doesn’t seem to be able to keep anything down, Everything he eats comes up again.
這孩子看來吃不進(jìn)任何東西，吃什么吐什么。
23．one after another與one by one
one after another，意思是“一個接一個”強調(diào)數(shù)量之多；one by one意思是“一個個地”強調(diào)順序，例如
We’ve gained one victory after another.
我們?nèi)〉昧艘粋�又一個的勝利。
After class, the students left the classroom quietly one by one.
課后，學(xué)生們安靜地一個一個地離開了教室。
類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：
Step by step students gain knowledge.學(xué)生們按部就班地獲得知識。（強調(diào)一步一步地，由淺入深地）
He saved up some money little by little.
他一點一點地存錢。（強調(diào)由一點點地積多）
He did the experiment time after time.
他一次又一次做這實驗。（強調(diào)次數(shù)之多，數(shù)不過來）