Unit 11
1. 用名詞性詞組引導時間狀語從句的用法
(1)the year; the week; the day, the spring; the summer; the autumn; the winter
e.g. He left Europe the year World War Ⅱ broke out.
他在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)的那年離開了歐洲。
Alice got married the summer she graduated from college.
愛麗絲大學畢業(yè)的那年夏季就結婚了。
(2)the moment(that);the instant(that);the minute(that)
e.g. I understood everything the minute I saw her face.
我一看到她的臉,就了解了一切。
(3)the+序數詞+time;(the)next time
e.g. He was writing a letter the first time I saw him.
我第一次看到他時,他在寫一封信。
Be sure to call on us next time you come to visit our university.
下次你到我們大學來時一定要來找我們。
(4)each time,every time; any time
e.g. Every time I catch a cold,I have pain in my back. 每次感冒我的背就疼。
You are welcome to come and visit our school any time you like.
只要你愿意,隨時都歡迎你來參觀我們的學校。
2. have much in common 有很多共同之處
e.g. We had a lot in common with each other. 我們有很多共同之處。
Though they are brothers,they have nothing in common with one another.
雖然他們是兄弟,但他們并沒有共同之處。
In common with many other boys,he liked football.
他和很多的男孩一樣喜歡足球。
common adj.普通的,平凡的;共有的;公共的,公眾的;n. 共用的、公有的東西
The flower is common in spring.
這種花在春天常見。
3. part of; a part of
(1)part of指某人或某物是一個整體的不可分割的一部分,即強調整體性。
e.g. There is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.
只有一個中國,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。
Here we are all part of one big family. 在這里我們都是大家庭中的一員。
(2)a part of 不強調整體性,只說明是構成總體的一部分或一小部分。但a有時可以省略。
e.g. A leg is a part of the body. 腿是身體的一部分。
This looks like(a)part of the broken glass. 這看起來像破杯子的碎片。
4. include,contain
二者都表示“包含”,但含義不同。
(1)include指一整體包含著各自獨立的部分,但沒有封閉的意思,用時可詳細羅列內容,也可只列舉其中一、二。
e.g. The price includes postage charges. 價格包含郵資。
Your duties will include putting the child to bed. 你的職責包括將孩子安頓到床上。
(2)contain指不同的事物包含在一個較大的容器內,封閉容納的意思很強烈、形象,但不必將所含內容一一羅列。
e.g. The basket contains a variety of fruits. 籃子里有許多種水果。
The book contains all information you need. 書中有你所需的全部信息。
5. combine v.結合,使……結合;合并,使……合并
e.g. Is it possible to combine the two parties? 那兩黨有沒有合并的可能?
They combined their efforts to finish their work. 他們結合彼此的力量完成工作。
combine against 聯合反對……
e.g. The two parties combined against the government. 那兩黨聯合起來反對政府。
6. traditional adj.傳統(tǒng)的,慣例的;傳說的,口傳的
e.g. These are the traditional foods for Christmas.
這些是圣誕節(jié)傳統(tǒng)的食物。
tradition n.傳統(tǒng),常規(guī),慣例;傳說
follow(break)tradition 遵循(打破)傳統(tǒng)
keep up the family traditions 堅守家族傳統(tǒng)
according to tradition根據傳說
a story based on tradition 根據傳說的故事
It is tradition in the family for the eldest sons to become a doctor.
兒子當醫(yī)生是那個家族的傳統(tǒng)。
Tradition says that the princess was killed in this room.
據傳說,那位公主是在這個房間里被殺的。
7. spread v. 使伸展,伸展;使延伸,延伸;傳播;使……流傳
e.g. I spread a new cloth on the table. 我在餐桌上鋪上一塊新桌布。
He spread out his arms to welcome us. 他張開雙臂歡迎我們。
The fire spread quickly through the forest. 火災迅速地在整個林區(qū)蔓延。
The city spreads to the west. 那城市向西擴展。
He spread the information around. 他到處散布那個消息。
n. 擴張,范圍;寬度
the wide spread of green forest綠色森林的綿延
7. brief adj. 短時間的,短暫的;簡潔的;簡略的
make a brief visit 作短暫拜訪
a brief report 簡短的報告
to be brief 簡單說,扼要地說
e.g. To be brief,she was happy with that result. 簡而言之,她對那個結果感到滿意。
in brief 簡單地說,簡言之
e.g. It’s a long letter,but in brief,he says “No”.
信很長,但簡言之,他拒絕了。
His explanation was brief and to the point. 他的說明既簡潔又切中問題要點。
briefly adv. 簡潔地;簡而言之
Please tell me briefly what happened. 請簡略地告訴我發(fā)生了什么事。
8. style n. 作風,方式,風格;款式;種類,式樣;風度,品格
live in the western style 過西式生活
e.g. Do you have a chair in this style? 你們有這一類型的椅子嗎?
in style流行的;優(yōu)雅地;豪華地
This type of dress is now in style. 這種款式的女裝現在很流行。
They are living in style. 他們過著豪華的生活。
out of style 不再流行的,過時的
9. pick(v.)的用法
(1)摘、撿、拾
e.g. He picked her a rose. 他為她摘了朵玫瑰花。
The little birds were picking the grain. 小鳥在啄食糧食。
(2)挑選
Please pick a good book for me. 請為我選本好書。
(3)pick out選好、選出、認出、看清楚
Pick out those books that you’d like to read. 把你喜歡看的書選出來。
We could pick out different places in the city from the plane.
我們能從飛機上把城里的各個地方認出來。
(4)pick up拾起,拿起(非正規(guī)地)學會,學到,取(某物),接(某人)上車;聽到,收聽
Please pick up all the pieces of paper. 請把所有的紙片都撿起來。
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris. 他在巴黎逗留期間學會了法語。
The bus stopped and picked up three people. 公共汽車停住,上來了三個人。
My radio can pick up VOA very clearly. 我的收音機聽美國之音很清楚。
語法:主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應注意的問題
1. 感官動詞和使役動詞變被動語態(tài)后要把省略的to還原。但是let的被動結構中不定式仍不帶to。
e.g. They made him go there alone.→He was made to go there alone.
I saw him cross the road and enter the bank. →He was seen to cross the road and enter the bank.
They let John go. →John was let go.
2. 直接賓語是從句時,一般只能構成以間接賓語為主語的被動句。
e.g. Someone told me where the accident had happened.
→I was told where the accident had happened.
3. 帶賓語從句的主動句變被動,通常用it 做形式主語。
e.g. Nobody knew whether there was gold left in the mine.
→ It was not known whether th
“不能轉換被動結構的場合”歸納
絕大多數帶賓語的及物動詞都可以從主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。但在下列情況下則不能轉換。
(1)受動詞的限制
表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞。這類動詞有:hold(容納),own(擁有),owe(歸屬),suit(適合),contain(包括),cost(花費),lack(缺少),love(愛),hate(恨),have(有),last(持續(xù))等。不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。
e.g. We have a new house. 我們有座新房子。
The great hall holds 2 000 people. 這個大廳能容納2 000人。
The paper will last me a whole term. 這紙夠我一學期用。
have表示“吃(飯)”“患(病)”“明白”“知道”等意思時,沒有被動語態(tài)。
e.g. She had no English. 她不懂英語。
Have you had your lunch?
你吃過午飯了嗎?
謂語部分有表示主語“能力”的can,或有表示主語“意愿”的will,would,would rather,dare等時,不能轉換成被動結構。
e.g. I can speak English. 我會說英語。
John will marry Rose. 約翰將與羅絲結婚。
be,become,turn,get,go,fall,look,sound等系動詞后面的各詞是表語,也不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。
e.g. His dream has become a reality. 他的夢想已經實現。
He has turned scientist. 他已成為科學家。
一些由及物動詞與各詞構成的不可分割的短語動詞,也不能變成被動語態(tài)。
e.g. Great changes have taken place since liberation.
解放以來發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
We should not lose heart,but make another try.
我們不應灰心,而應再試一次。
He often makes faces in class.
他常在課堂上扮鬼臉。
(2)受賓語的限制
含有下列情況的賓語時,主動語態(tài)不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。
表示地點、處所的名詞作賓語時,常見的動詞有:leave,enter,reach,join等。
e.g. He reached Beijing at 6 o’clock. 他在六點鐘到達北京。
He entered the office. 他走進了辦公室。
Her brother joined the army two years ago. 她哥哥兩年前參的軍。
She swam across the river. 她游過了河。
同源名詞作賓語,常見的動詞有die,sleep,smile,laugh,fight,live等。
e.g. We are living a happy life. 我們過著愉快的生活。
I dreamed a wonderful dream. 我做了一個美夢。
有些抽象名詞作賓語。
e.g. He lost interest in English. 他對英語失去了興趣。
反身代詞、相互代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞作賓語時。
e.g. She killed herself in 1998. 她1998年自殺的。
We should help each other. 我們應該互相幫助。
I want to watch TV every day. 我想每天看電視。
John enjoys singing. 約翰喜歡唱歌。
賓語前帶有指代主語的物主代詞。
e.g. The doctor shook his head. 大夫搖了搖頭。
賓語常是表示“度量”的名詞。
e.g. We walked two miles. 我們走了兩英里。
cost,wish,promise等帶雙賓語時。
e.g. It costs me much time. 它花了我很多時間。
He promised us to come. 他答應我們要來。
love,like,want,wish,get,cause等帶復合賓語時。
e.g. Do you really wish him to go? 你真的希望他去?
He has to get someone to help him. 他必須讓某個人來幫助他。