Unit 11 Scientific achievement
Language points.
1．constitution 1) 憲法
the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution
2) 體格，體質(zhì)
He has a weak constitution
3) 構(gòu)造，構(gòu)成
the constitution of starch (淀粉的構(gòu)成)
2．a(chǎn)chievement (U)取得，完成
（C）成就，成績
（V）achieve
development government movement equipment
vt 完成 達(dá)到（目的），得到
1） By hard working we can achieve anything.
2） We have achieved success in developing the product.
3．Mankind 人類 manmade (adj)
Manly 有男子氣概的；剛強(qiáng)的
4．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
5．Likely
1) be likely to do sth 很可能（發(fā)生某種情況）
Our team is likely to win the game.
2) it is likely that + 從句
It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.
辨析：likely, possible與probable
Likely 常用詞，指“從表面現(xiàn)象看很有可能”
Possible 指“由于有適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件和方法，某事可能發(fā)生或做到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“客觀上有可能”，但“實(shí)際希望很小”。
Probable 語氣比possible 強(qiáng)，指“有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的事物，帶有大概，很可能的意思”
Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible與probable之后通常不跟不定式；
Likely 的主語可以是人，而possible與probable的主語不能是人。
6．Set up
1) 建立，成立
Set up home
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
2) 樹立起來
Let’s set up the tent first.
3) 使（自己或他人）從事某職業(yè)（as）
He has set himself up as a bookseller.
他開始經(jīng)營書籍。
Set about doing sth 著手做 set out to do sth
Set an example
Set fire to 點(diǎn)火；放火
Set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身
Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；訪問
set foot in/on sth.:enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g.Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公開的
Private property
Private school
a private door 便門
in private 在私下，秘密地
in public 公開地
8．Grasp vt
1) 抓住
Grasp sb by the arm
2) (= understand ) 掌握， 領(lǐng)會(huì)
Grasp sb’s meaning
3) n (常用單數(shù)) 緊握；把握；理解；理解力
Beyond sb’s grasp 力量達(dá)不到
Grasp all, lose all. 樣樣都要，全數(shù)失掉。
Within sb’s grasp 力量達(dá)得到
9．Master n 碩士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大師
Mistress n 女主人
Masterless adj 無主的
Mastermind n 非常聰明的人
Masterkey n 萬能鑰匙
Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作
The master of the house 家長
Master and man雇主與雇工
A master in literature 文學(xué)大師
Master of Arts (MA) 文學(xué)碩士
Master of Science (MS) 理學(xué)碩士
Bachelor 學(xué)士 doctor 博士
Vt 掌握；精通；控制；統(tǒng)治
Master a foreign language
Man can master nature.
10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；絕對(duì)的；完全的；（動(dòng)詞的）完成的
His reading is perfect.
He is a perfect stranger to us.
The perfect tense
Vt 使完美
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Be perfect in English 精通英語
11．a(chǎn)rrange
Vt 安排，籌劃；整理，布置
1） We have arranged a party.
2） He arranged the books on the shelf.
N arrangement
(C pl) 安排；準(zhǔn)備工作
（U，C）整理；排列；布置
12. have an effect on 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響
Take effect 開始生效；開始實(shí)行
In effect = in fact 實(shí)際上
13.rely on / upon : depend on…依賴，依靠；信賴，信任
We should rely on our own efforts.
我們應(yīng)該自力更生。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.
你可以放心，她不會(huì)遲到的。
14．make it clear （that）…表明，講清楚
e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
15．Failure (v fail) 失敗(U)，失敗的人或事（C）
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.
他不是一個(gè)成功的藝術(shù)家，但是個(gè)成功的美術(shù)老師。
16．come to life: back to normal state,esp. of mind
蘇醒過來，恢復(fù)生氣，活躍起來
After three hours’ saving,the injured man came to life.
When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.
17. mark
N 痕跡；符號(hào)；商標(biāo)；分?jǐn)?shù)；特征
An ink mark
A question mark
Full marks
Make a mark 作標(biāo)記
Vt 做標(biāo)記；留痕跡于；表明；批分?jǐn)?shù)，評(píng)成績
A dirt road marked with footprints 留有腳印的泥路
be marked with 標(biāo)著……；(人、動(dòng)物等身上)具有
Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。
mark examination papers.
18. outstanding
1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）
一名杰出的學(xué)生 an outstanding student
2) 未完結(jié)的；未清的；未付的
Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款
19．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突圍；突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，成就
A military breakthrough 軍事突破
A scientific breakthrough 科學(xué)成就
20．enable
en-使+able能……的
enrich enlarge
strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng) vi 變強(qiáng)
they strengthened the city wall..
the wind strengthened.
Deep--deepen
Sharp-sharpen
Wide--widen
21. organ n 器官；風(fēng)琴；機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)關(guān)
The eyes are the organ of sight.
State organs
A government organ
Adj organic 有機(jī)物的；有機(jī)體的
N organism (C)生物，有機(jī)體，有機(jī)組織
Vt organize 組織
N organization 團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)，組織
22. put forward 提出（建議、意見）；推薦，提名
He put forward a better plan.
We put her forward as chairman of the committee.
23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄準(zhǔn)；目的在于；企圖
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.