Unit 16
一、重難點(diǎn)講解
1.Why should students be careful smelling from bottles?
為什么學(xué)生在聞瓶中氣味時(shí)要當(dāng)心?
be careful doing的意思是“做某事仔細(xì)或小心”,be careful后面常跟with,in,about等介詞短語,也可跟to do或從句。例如:
People should be more careful about the things they say.
大家對自己說的話應(yīng)該很謹(jǐn)慎。
Be careful that the medicine is kept away from children.
要小心把藥放在安全的地方,不要讓小孩拿到。
Please be very careful with those plates! 那些盤子,要十分小心。
2.What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?
如果你眼睛里進(jìn)了東西,該怎么辦?
①“be+ to do”結(jié)構(gòu)表示安排、命令、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。例如:
We are to meet at the school gate. 我們約定在校門口碰頭。(安排)
You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你得在10點(diǎn)鐘前回來。(命令)
A knife is to cut with. 刀是用來切割的。(用途)
They were never to meet again.他們注定以后永遠(yuǎn)不再見面。(命中注定)
②不定式的被動(dòng)式用于當(dāng)邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的接受者。再如:
Do you want to be taught German? 你想讓人教你德語嗎?
3.More roads and trains mean more pollution.
更多的路和火車意味著更多的污染。
試比較:mean to do sth. 打算干某事 mean doing sth. 意味著…
I don’t mean to argue with you. 我不打算跟你吵架。
Passing the entrance exam means being admitted into college.
通過了高考意味著被大學(xué)錄取。
4.It is fast and clean and it doesn’t make any noise as planes do.
它既快又清潔而不像飛機(jī)那樣制造噪音。
①make a noise 吵鬧、喧嘩、制造噪音。例如:
Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs.
Don’t make so much noise. 不要大聲喧嘩。
②as在這里作連詞用,意思為“像……一樣”,如:
She is a fine singer,as her mother used to.
像她媽媽過去一樣,她是個(gè)很好的歌手。
5.We should make more use of this new technology.
我們應(yīng)該更好地利用這種新技術(shù)。
make use of利用,use前不用冠詞,但可以加上某些形容詞。如:
make good use of好好利用
make full use of充分利用
make the best use of充分利用
make little use of 不充分利用
6.It is good for the economy、那對經(jīng)濟(jì)(發(fā)展)有好處。
be good for作“對……有好處”;“對……有益”。例如:
Milk is good for you. 牛奶對你健康有益。
It is not good for children to give them everything they want.
孩子要什么就給什么,這對他們并無益處。
比較:be good to sb.(對……友善)。例如:
This boss is good to his employees, especially when they are ill.
這位老板對他的雇員很好,尤其是當(dāng)他們生病時(shí)。
be good at(擅長于)。例如:
The children is good at language study.這孩子擅長語言學(xué)習(xí)。
7.In the 18th century,Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.
十八世紀(jì),本杰明弗蘭克林做了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn),以證明電是什么。
In June 1752,I wanted to show that lighting and electricity are the same.
1752年6月,我要證明閃電和電是一回事。
①一般來說,從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與主句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,也就是說,如果主句中用過去時(shí),從句一般也用過去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)。但是如果從句表達(dá)的是一種真理或客觀事實(shí),使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
②“做實(shí)驗(yàn)”的各種說法:
do an experiment
make an experiment
perform an experiment
conduct an experiment
carry out an experiment
③conduct作為及物動(dòng)詞,作“指導(dǎo),引導(dǎo);指揮(樂團(tuán)、樂曲);經(jīng)營,管理”。如
He conducted me around the museum. 他領(lǐng)我參觀了博物館。
He conducted the orchestra. 他指揮管弦樂團(tuán)。
The manager conducted his business carefully.
這個(gè)經(jīng)理謹(jǐn)慎地管理著他的業(yè)務(wù)。
④a number of表示“很多的,大量的”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而the number of則表示“……的數(shù)量”,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
A number of children play games online. 很多孩子在網(wǎng)上玩游戲。
The number of cars is increasing year by year.
驕車的數(shù)量在逐年增長。
8.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.
意識到我能用風(fēng)箏來吸引閃電,我決定做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
having realised是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,在句中作狀語,表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的謂語動(dòng)作之前,相當(dāng)于when I had realized that…,再如:
Having answered the letter,she went on to listen to the radio.
回完了信,她開始接著聽收音機(jī)。
Having been praised at the meeting,the girl felt very happy.
在會上受到了表揚(yáng),這個(gè)女孩感到非常高興。
9.The string was getting charged. 細(xì)線開始帶電!
①charge作及物動(dòng)詞,作“使……充滿,飽含”。如:
He’s charging a battery. 他正在為蓄電池充電。
②“get+過去分詞”表示“被(受)……”。get用在表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞過去分詞之前表被動(dòng)語態(tài),它強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作和其所造成主語狀態(tài)的變化。如:
He got lost in the forest. 他在森林里迷路了。
The audience got confused. 觀眾被搞糊涂了。
10.I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.
當(dāng)時(shí)我開始認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)行不通。
①work的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響;行得通;奏效”。例如:
The medicine seems to be working. 藥好像起作用了。
Will your method work? 你的方法行嗎?
②比較begin to do與begin doing:
1)begin后跟to do或doing,含義上沒有多少差異。如果談?wù)撘粋(gè)長期的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作開始養(yǎng)成時(shí),更加常用begin doing。例如:
How old were you when you first began playing the piano?
2)當(dāng)begin后面跟的是understand,realize,see,know,think等動(dòng)詞時(shí),用begin to do。例如:
She began to think she was wrong after a second thought.
經(jīng)過重新考慮后,她開始認(rèn)為她錯(cuò)了。
3)當(dāng)begin用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),其后跟to do。如:
Mary is beginning to do her homework.
4)當(dāng)主語是物或用于描述天氣變化時(shí),其后跟to do如:
The water began to boil. 水開始開了。
It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不覺地天黑下來了。
11.This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.
這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明閃電與電相同的。
prove作為及物動(dòng)詞,當(dāng)“證明,證實(shí)”講,如:
The facts prove that he is a brave fighter.(prove + that從句)
事實(shí)證明他是一個(gè)勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。
He has proved his courage in the battle.(prove + n)
在戰(zhàn)斗中已經(jīng)證明了他的勇氣。
He proved himself to be a capable general.(prove+賓語+賓補(bǔ))
他證明自己是一位有能力的將軍。
prove還可作系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞或名詞作表語,意為“證明是……”。如:
The method proved(to be)effective. 這種辦法證明是有效的。
He proved a successful manager. 他證明是一位成功的經(jīng)理。
12.Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.
給風(fēng)箏框上加上條尾巴并在中心架上系一條細(xì)線這樣就能控制風(fēng)箏了。
①add作為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“加,增加”如:
The fire is out,will you please add some wood?
火要滅了,請你添些木柴好嗎?
②add…to…意為“在……放(加)……”如:
If you add some salt to the soup,it will taste better.
如果你在湯里放些鹽,湯的味道會更好些。
③add to = increase增加,增添。如:
This visit will greatly add to our understanding of our country.
這次訪問將大大增加我們對貴國的了解。
④add up to合計(jì),總計(jì)。如:
His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.
他所受的學(xué)校教育加起來不到一年。
⑤tie…to…解釋“把……綁在(系到)……上”。如:
The farmer tied the horse to a tree. 這個(gè)農(nóng)夫把馬拴在一棵樹上。
13.Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.
注意不要讓長線碰到墻壁或門。
take care常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):
①take care of(愛護(hù);照顧)。例如:
She urged me to take care of myself. 她力勸我保重自己。
She stayed at home to take care of the baby. 她留在家里照顧嬰兒。
②take care that…(小心;注意)。例如:
Take care that you don’t spoil your clothes.
當(dāng)心不要把衣服弄臟。
二、詞語辨析
1.electric,electrical
這兩個(gè)詞都是“電的”意思。不同的是:electric指“由電產(chǎn)生的”或“帶電的裝置”;而“electrical”指“有關(guān)電學(xué)方面的”。
an electric clock/light/iron/wire
電子鐘/電燈/電熨斗/電線
electrical engineering電工學(xué)
an electrical engineer 電力工程師
2.pull,draw,drag
①pull是個(gè)普通用語,意為“用力拉”,指使物體朝著發(fā)出力的方向移動(dòng),不強(qiáng)調(diào)移動(dòng)的方式。
Mother pulled me by the hand. 媽媽拉著我的手。
Pull the door open. Don’t push it. 把門拉開,別推。
②draw與pull意思接近,通常指“拖、拉”的動(dòng)作比pull更均勻、平穩(wěn),從容
Out of the package he drew a paper and gave it to my father.
他從小包里抽出一份文件遞給我父親。
After some time,he began to draw the net in.
過了一些時(shí)候,他開始收網(wǎng)。
③drag指艱難而緩慢地“拖、拉”較笨重的東西,含“費(fèi)力和用勁”之意。
He dragged himself along the street.
他拖著沉重的腳步沿街走著。
3.be made of;be made from;be made into
be made of指成品中可以看出原材料。
be made from指在成品中看不出原材料。
be made into其主語是原料,指某種原料可以制成(某種成品)
4.high,highly
high用作形容詞時(shí),其意思是“高的”,但常引電為“強(qiáng)烈的;高尚的;崇高的”。high還可用作副詞,其意思是“高;顯著的;強(qiáng)烈地”。
highly也是副詞,往往指抽象的高。