一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ . 語(yǔ)音學(xué)習(xí)
1 . 字母 e ,字母組合 ee ,ea 的發(fā)音。
2 . 句子重音:
How many pears can you see ?
How many apples can you see ?
Ⅱ . 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
1 . 要求“四會(huì)”:food , rice , bread , meat , tea , milk , glass , a glass of , water , drink , like , eat , nice , many , how many , any , something , only。
2 . 要求“三會(huì)”:would like , I‘d like = I would like , well。
Ⅲ . 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
1 . some 的用法。
2 . a ( an ) 的用法。
3 . How many … ?
Ⅳ . 交際英語(yǔ)
1 . - Would you like … ?
- Yes , please . ( No , thanks . )
2 . What would you like ?
3 . It’s time to do
4 . - How many cakes can you see ?
- I can see only one .
- I can‘t see any .
【指點(diǎn)迷津 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . food 食物
We can’t live without food and drink .
沒有食物和飲料,我們就無(wú)法生存。
Many Americans like Chinese food very much .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗food 統(tǒng)指食物時(shí),不可數(shù),a food 是“一種食物”,foods 是多種食物。
2 . drink 喝
Would you like to drink some tea ?
He drank the cup empty . 他痛飲一杯。
Let‘s have something to drink .
2 ) 飲料
I like a cold drink on a hot day .
Tea , water and milk are all drinks . 茶、水及牛奶都是飲料。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗drink 作飲料解時(shí),多作可數(shù)名詞,作為“酒”解時(shí),多為不可數(shù)名詞。
3 . like 喜歡
I like to read books in the reading-room .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗作動(dòng)詞時(shí),like 后面接不定式或動(dòng)名詞 ( 即v-ing ) 均可。
2 ) 像,跟……一樣
The pen doesn’t look like mine . 那支鋼筆看來(lái)不像我的。
4 . rice 米飯;大米
Do the people there live on rice ?
We often have rice for lunch . 我們中餐常吃米飯。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗rice 是個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞。一粒米為 a grain of rice , 一碗飯 a bowl of rice。
5 . bread 面包
Here is your bread .
Give me a little bread .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗bread 為不可數(shù)名詞。一片面包可說(shuō) a piece of bread。
6 . meat 肉
There is not much meat on the plate .
They eat the meat of pigs , dogs and birds .
I don‘t like fat meat .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗meat 為不可數(shù)名詞。通常指用作食品的各種動(dòng)物的肉,但不包括魚和家禽的肉,也不指一般的肌肉。一片肉可說(shuō) a piece of meat。
7 . glass 玻璃杯
Get me a glass of water , please .
You can drink eight glasses of water every day .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗英美人習(xí)慣用玻璃杯喝水,用瓷杯喝茶,因此,一杯水不說(shuō) a cup of water , 而說(shuō) a glass of water , 一杯茶不說(shuō) a glass of tea , 而說(shuō) a cup of tea。另外,glass 作為“玻璃杯”解,是可數(shù)名詞;如為不可數(shù),是“玻璃”。glass 則為“眼鏡”。
8 . tea 茶、茶葉
We are going to hold a tea party tomorrow .我們準(zhǔn)備在明天開一個(gè)茶話會(huì)。
Mother is making tea . 媽媽正在沏茶。
Two teas , please . 來(lái)兩份茶。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗tea 作茶葉及茶解,為不可數(shù)。作可數(shù)名詞使用時(shí),表示“一種茶”或“一份茶”。
9 . milk 牛奶
We like new milk . 我們喜歡新鮮牛奶。
How much is bottle of milk ? 一瓶牛奶有多少錢 ?
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗milk 為不可數(shù)名數(shù)。
11 . water 水
The water is good to drink . 這水好,可以喝。
There is a little water in the glass . 杯里有一點(diǎn)水。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗water 為不可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式 waters 往往指海、湖或河里的水。如 the waters of the lake ( 湖里的水 ) 。waters 還可指礦泉水。
12 . eat 吃;吃飯
They have eaten all the food .
Will you eat a piece of bread ?
13 . something 某事 ( 物 )
I think I can find you something to do .
Something is wrong with my watch . 我的手表出了點(diǎn)毛病。
I have something important to tell you .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗something 不可寫成 some thing,也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 somethings。至于 some things , 則為“一些東西”。此詞多用于肯定句,如果在否定句、疑問句及條件從句中,則多用 nothing , anything , 如 Is there anything wrong with your watch ? 有些表示請(qǐng)求、建議或反句的疑問句,則多用 something , 如:Why don’t you get something to eat ? 你為什么不弄點(diǎn)東西吃呢 ? )
14 . many 許多的,多的
Do you have many friends ?
There are many children in the park on Sundays .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗many 作形容詞時(shí),只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,它多用于疑問句、否定句及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。如用在肯定句中,則多位于句首,修飾主語(yǔ)。 ( 作代詞時(shí),則在句中當(dāng)主語(yǔ) ) 15 . only 僅僅,只
Only Lucy knew the answer .
16 . any 一些,什么
Are there any books on the desk ?
I don‘t have any brothers . 我沒有兄弟。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗any 和可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用,用于疑問句、否定句及條件從句中?隙ň渲杏 some , 但有些疑問句表示建議、請(qǐng)求、反問等,則多用 some。如:Can you give me some paper ? ( 能給我一些紙嗎 ? )
2 ) 任何
Come any time you like .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗any 作“任何”解時(shí),是正面用法,用于肯定句,和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞一道使用。
17 . well 喔;那么;好吧
Well , you can have a look . 唉,你可以看一看。
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . a cup of ( tea ) 一杯 ( 茶 )
2 . a bottle of ( milk ) 一瓶 ( 牛奶 )
3 . a glass of ( water ) 一杯 ( 水 )
4 . would like 愿意,希望
I would like some bananas . 我想吃點(diǎn)香蕉。
Would you like a bottle of orange ?
I would like you to go shopping with me .
〖 提示 〗would like 可縮寫成 ’d like , 如 I‘d like , 此外還有 should like , 意思和它一樣。
5 . something to eat 吃的東西
6 . something to drink 喝的東西
7 . how many… 多少……
How many students are there in your grade ?
How many glasses of water can you see on the table ?
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要 】
單元句型思路明晰
1 . What would + 主語(yǔ) + like ? ……喜歡吃什么 ?
What would you like for supper ?
What would she like to do tomorrow ?
〖 明晰 〗would like 是一種客氣的說(shuō)法。like 在此句型中是動(dòng)詞。
2 . Would you like + 名詞 ? 你想要……嗎 ?
Would you like something to drink ?
Would you like tea or coffee ?
〖 明晰 〗“Would you like… ? 是一種客氣的邀請(qǐng)!癉o you like … ? ”雖然也是“你喜歡……嗎 ? ”,但詢問的是某人的習(xí)慣,不是邀請(qǐng)。如 Do you like tea or coffee ? ( 你喜歡喝茶還是喝咖啡 ? )
3 . 主 + would like…,……喜歡 ( 想要 ) ……。
I’d like to ask you a few questions .
I would like rice and meat .
〖 明晰 〗would like sb to do = would love sb to do 很想讓某人干……
4 . What about…… ? ……怎么樣 ? ……你以為如何 ?
What about something to eat ? 來(lái)點(diǎn)吃的怎么樣 ?
What about something to drink ? 來(lái)點(diǎn)渴的怎么樣 ?
5 . It‘s time to do sth . 是做……的時(shí)候了。
It’s time to play games .
It‘s time to go over our lessons .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗It’s time to do 中的 time 前有時(shí)加 about 或 high , 只起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用。
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . would like 與 like 的區(qū)別,請(qǐng)比較下列句子:
1 ) - Would you like to have some bread ? 你想吃些面包嗎 ?
- Yes , I would like to . 是的,我想。
2 ) - Do you like bread ? 你喜歡面包嗎 ?
- Yes , I do . 是的,我喜歡。
注意:would like / love to 中的 to 不要省去。
2 . How many cups of tea can you see ? 你能看見多少杯茶 ?
〖 釋疑 〗How many “多少”,它后面必須緊接一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
How many boys , how many students , how many desks How many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式用來(lái)詢問人或物體的具體數(shù)量。例如:
How many cakes would you like ? 你想要多少塊蛋糕 ?
3 . Yes , Let‘s . 好,我們走吧 !
〖 釋疑 〗Let’s 后面省略了 go,這是為承接對(duì)方說(shuō)的 Let‘s go . 而省略的。這種情況在口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
- Let’s help them . 我們幫助他們吧。
- Yes , Let‘s . 好吧。
4 . Well , would you like something to drink ? 好吧,你想喝點(diǎn)什么 ?
〖 釋疑 〗something to drink “喝的東西”;動(dòng)詞不定式 to drink 在這里作定語(yǔ),修飾前面的不定代詞 something。
something to eat,吃的東西;something to do , ( 要 ) 做的事;something to help, ( 要 ) 幫忙的事。
〖釋疑 〗5 . 本單元出現(xiàn) food , rice , bread , meat , tea , milk , water 等單詞,都是不可數(shù)名詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō),物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的,因此沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如不能說(shuō) two breads , three milks , 也不能說(shuō) a bread , one tea。
不可數(shù)名詞的量,可用 a…of , two…s of 來(lái)表示。如:a bottle of water 一瓶水,two cups of milk 兩懷牛奶,a piece [ pi攏 ]of bread 一塊 ( 片 ) 面包等。
6 . What about something to eat ? 要不要吃些什么東西 ?
What about 或 How about 常用來(lái)引起一個(gè)問句,表示建議,征求意見或詢問消息,意為“……好不好 ? ”,“……怎樣 ? ”。例如:
I’d like some rice . What about / How about you ?
What about going to see a film ?
關(guān)于 What about / How about 的用法詳見第17單元講解。
【妙文賞析 】
My name is Jim . ( 1 ) is my birthday ( 生日 ) . Dad and Mum ( 2 ) me a big cake . I‘m twelve now . I like cakes . ( 3 ) the table of my bedroom , you ( 4 ) see my lovely cake . You can also ( 也 ) ( 5 ) my name on it . There are ( 6 ) things for my birthday . ( 7 ) are apples , pears and bananas . But I’d ( 8 ) to have something to drink now . My ( 9 ) Bill and Sam are coming . I would like to eat those food ( 10 ) my friends .
1 . A . That B . This C . It D . Today
2 . A . find B . get C . want D . put
3 . A . In B . At C . On D . Behind
4 . A . can B . must C . can‘t D . don’t
5 . A . get B . know C . look D . find
6 . A . others B . the other C . other D . the others
7 . A . They B . Those C . These D . That
8 . A . want B . take C . like D . get
9 . A . teachers B . sisters C . brothers D . friends
10 . A . from B . of C . with D . for
答案與賞析: 1 . 選D。Today is my birthday . 和 It‘s my birthday today . 均為正確,但 It’s my birthday . 一句的意思是不完整的,因?yàn)闆]有確切的時(shí)間,故C項(xiàng)為錯(cuò)誤。指時(shí)間和日期時(shí)不能用 This 或 That 作主語(yǔ),故 A、B 兩項(xiàng)都是錯(cuò)的。 2 . 選B。這里 get 作“買”解,get me a big cake 意思是“給我買了一塊大蛋糕”。另三項(xiàng)不合文意。 3 . 選C。“在餐桌上”應(yīng)說(shuō) on the table。in 指餐桌里邊,at 指餐桌旁邊,behind 指餐桌后邊,此三項(xiàng)均不合文意。 4 . 選A。C、D 兩項(xiàng)明顯不合文意。can 和 must 都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,can 表示“能”,“能夠”,must 表示“必須”,可見用 can 符合文意。 5 . 選D。find 在這里表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,“看到”,相當(dāng)于 see。另三項(xiàng)不合文意。 6 . 選C。這里泛指“還有別的東西”,并未明確,故不帶冠詞。others 不能修飾名詞,應(yīng)用單數(shù) other 修飾,故選C。 7 . 選A。應(yīng)用 they 指代前面已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞,即 other things。B、C兩項(xiàng)不能用作名詞替代詞,that 與被代名詞在數(shù)上不一致。 8 . 選C。只有動(dòng)詞 like 方可和句中 I‘d 搭配,這里的 d 代表 would , would like to do 作 “想要干”解。另三項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞均不能與之搭配。 9 . 選D。B、C兩項(xiàng)與句中 are coming 不合情理,另句中 Bill 和 Sam 不應(yīng)是對(duì)老師的稱呼,故A項(xiàng)不合情理。friends 符合文意,故為正確。 10 . 選C。介詞 with 表示“和……一起”,另三項(xiàng)不合文章。
【思維體操 】
根據(jù)句意在空格上填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使順意完整。
1 . “______ are you today ? ”Fine , thanks . ”
2 . The watch is very nice . ______ you like it ?
3 . “What’s the ______ , please ? ”“It‘s four . ”
4 . It’s time ______ play games . Let‘s go , Tom .
5 . “What ______ you like to have ? ”“A glass of milk . ”
6 . I’d like a cup of tea . What ______ you ?
7 . Please give me something ______ drink .
8 . How ______ birds can you see in the tree ?
9 . Please write ______ the new words on the blackboard .
10 . How ______ milk to we have at home ?
〖 題解〗 1 . 填 How。用以詢問對(duì)方的身體情況,與答句相符。 2 . 填 Would , 與句中 like 搭配。Would you like it ? 表示“你想要嗎 ? ”“Would you like it ? ”相當(dāng)于“Would you like to have it ? ” 3 . 答句回答的是時(shí)間,故填名詞 time,問現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘。 4 . 填不定式符號(hào) to , to play games 為不定式短語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)修飾 time。表示現(xiàn)在是活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。 5 . 填 would , 與動(dòng)詞 like 搭配。句意是:你想要喝什么 ? 6 . 填介詞 about。What about 或 How about 引起的問句是詢問對(duì)方的意見或觀點(diǎn)。這里表示“你想要什么 ? ”
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù) 】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
〖 思維 〗從詞的形式來(lái)看,英語(yǔ)名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?蓴(shù)與不可數(shù)是英語(yǔ)名詞的最基本類別。凡是表示可以計(jì)數(shù)的事物的名詞,叫做可數(shù)名詞,反之,凡表示不可以計(jì)數(shù)的事物的名詞,叫做不可數(shù)名詞。
可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,如:book - books , watch - watches , man - men , child - children,可數(shù)名詞之前可用數(shù)詞,如:one pen , two pens , five birds , 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前可用冠詞 a / an 如:a boy , a knife , an apple , an egg , an eraser . 不可數(shù)名詞一般只有一種形式,如:bread , meat , tea , milk . 不可數(shù)名詞之前不可用數(shù)詞,如不可以說(shuō) two bread , five meat , six tea , seven milk , 不可數(shù)名詞之前一般也不可直接用冠詞,如:a bread , a tea . 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量通常需要同一些表示數(shù)量的名詞連用。當(dāng)表示數(shù)量的名詞和不可數(shù)名詞搭配時(shí),便使這些名詞所表示的事物具有個(gè)體性。例如:a glass of water 一 ( 玻璃 ) 杯水,a cup of tea 一杯茶,a bottle of milk ,一瓶牛奶,five cups of tea ,五杯茶,six bottles of orange,六瓶桔子汁,eight glasses of water 八 ( 玻璃 ) 杯水 。
【動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦 】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
1 . We get up ______ six ______ the morning .
A . at , on B . in , in C . in , at D . at , in
2 . Tom is ______ .
A . one of my friend B . a friend of me
C . one friend of my D . a friend of mine
3 . ______ my bird . Do you like ______ colour ?
A . It‘s , it’s B . Its , its C . It‘s its D . Its , it’s
4 . There isn‘t _____ milk in this glass but there’s _____ in that one .
A . some , some B . any , any C . some , any D . any , much
5 . She‘d like ______ a film today .
A . see B . to see C . seeing D . sees
6 . How much ______ do you have at home ?
A . pears B . cakes C . banana D . rice
7 . Could I have something ______ orange ?
A . of B . like C . to drink D . drink
8 . I’d like something ______ . I don‘t like bread now .
A . to drink B . drink C . of drink D . drinking
9 . Let’s ______ him . OK ?
A . go help B . go and help C . go helping D . to go to help
10 . “Let‘s play games , Tom . ”“______ . ”
A . Yes , let’s B . No , let‘s don’t
C . Yes , lets D . No , lets not
11 . Where are my shoes ? I can‘t ______ them .
A . look B . find C . know D . put
答案與解析:1 . 選D。時(shí)刻前應(yīng)用介詞 at,表示在幾點(diǎn)鐘,排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。泛指早上或上午應(yīng)說(shuō) in the morning , on 通常指具體某一天,故棄A選D。 2 . 選D。本句不難理解為“Tom 是我的一位朋友”。我的朋友肯定不止 Tom 一個(gè),Tom 只是我朋友中的一個(gè),這里就是要表達(dá)“我的朋友之一”,英語(yǔ)可說(shuō) a friend of mine , 這里 mine 為名詞性物主代詞,相當(dāng)于 my friends , 為避免重復(fù),所以把 my friends 用 mine 代替。另外要注意的是,這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中的 a 不能改為 one , 因?yàn)椴粡?qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量 ( one 表示“一個(gè)”的數(shù)量概念較強(qiáng) ) 。mine 不改用 me 代替,因?yàn)?me 不能用來(lái)代替 my friends。也可以說(shuō) one of my friends , 要注意的是這里的 friends 必須用復(fù)數(shù),選項(xiàng)A的錯(cuò)誤就在于此。 3 . 選C。前一句應(yīng)理解為:這是我的鳥。句中缺了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)是 It,謂語(yǔ)用連系動(dòng)詞 is,兩詞縮寫為 It’s。第二句問的是你是否喜歡它的顏色,這里要表示的是“它的”,英語(yǔ)應(yīng)說(shuō) its,是 it 的所有格形式。 4 . 選D。否定句一律用 any 修飾名詞,由此排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。本題后一分句是肯定句,肯定句不能用 any 修飾名詞,應(yīng)用 some。當(dāng)然也可以用 many,much 等詞,故棄B選D。 5 . 選B。would like 后面的動(dòng)詞必須用不定式形式,不能用其它形式。would like to do…表示“想要做……”。 6 . 選D。How much 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,How many 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),本題四選項(xiàng)中只有 rice 為不可數(shù)名詞,故為正確。7-11 BABAB
【創(chuàng)新園地】
Let’s look at picture . The boy’s name is John . 1 .
The girl in the white blouse are John’s sister Rose . 2 .
The other one in the yellow blouse is John’s sister Mary . 3 .
John and his sister are students . The two sisters 4 .
Are at Class Two , Grade One and John is in 5 .
Class One , Grade One . The man and the woman is 6 .
Their father and mother . The man is worker . The woman 7 .
Is a teacher . The old man and old woman are John’s 8 .
Grandfather and grandmother . They are a family . 9 .
( 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們把改好后的答案反饋給我們 )
【創(chuàng)新園地 】答案與解析:
1 . 在 picture 前加 the 2 . are→is 3 . √ 4 . sister→sisters 5 . at→in 6 . is→are 7 . worker 前加 a 8 . √ 9 . √
題1應(yīng)該是特指某一幅畫或我們都知道的某一幅畫。題2 The girl in the white blouse 是單數(shù)。題4 John 的姐姐 Rose 和 Mary 是兩個(gè),sister 應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。題5在某一班級(jí)要用介詞 in。題6 The man and the woman 是兩個(gè)人,為復(fù)數(shù)。題7 worker 是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),應(yīng)該是“一名工人”。