參考教案 教學建議 示例三
教學建議（Suggested teaching notes）
一、教學內(nèi)容分析
本單元圍繞“日期和月份”（Dates and months）和“吃飯”（Having meals）這兩個話題開展教學活動。主要語言項目是序數(shù)詞、月份的名稱和以have為主的動詞一般過去時。各課大致安排如下：
第45課主要教學12個月份的英語名稱和從first到twelfth的12個序數(shù)詞。通過兩組問答復習表示時間的英語名詞（minute, hour, day, week, month）和討論月份，同時復習形容詞比較級（worse, worst等）。本課出現(xiàn)了實義動詞的過去時問句（When did you start…？），但不是重點語言項目，僅僅是下一課的伏筆，這里只要求用短語About…ago回答，不需要用完整的句子回答。
第46課在前一課基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)教學從1st到31st的序數(shù)詞以及年月日的表達方法。通過對話介紹詢問日期的方法 What is/was the date today/yesterday？復習動詞be的過去時，并介紹實義動詞的一般過去時When did you have a meeting？What time did you have it？ We had it after school． When did you go home？等。
第47課圍繞著“昨天三頓飯吃些什么”這樣的主題，提供了書中主人公的情況，教學What did…h(huán)ave for breakfast/lunch/supper？Did…h(huán)ave…for…yesterday？Yes, he/she/they did． No, he/she/they didn't He/She/They had…
練習冊中練習1是一個信息交流活動，要求學生用這些句型彼此提問，了解較為真實的情況，填入表內(nèi)。
第48課復習要點歸納小結(jié)了動詞have的過去時的陳述句、疑問句和答語。聽力訓練與第47課信息交流活動相同，通過聽力練習進一步鞏固所學句型。本課語音練習復習[tM,d{,]及有關(guān)字母和字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則，并教學[tr, dr, ts, dz]四個輔音音標及有關(guān)字母和字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則。
按照教學計劃，本單元教學正值辭舊迎新之際，因此加上了新年祝賀語Happy New Year！及答語The same to you！
二、教學方法建議
（一）教學英語的月份名稱
英語的12個月份名稱集中教學是比較困難的。有經(jīng)驗的教師早在初一年級就在值日生報告中加上了日期和星期幾的內(nèi)容了。有的班級甚至每天讓值日生在黑板上用英語寫日期。本單元以前部分月份名稱（September, October, November）已出現(xiàn)過。因此，到了本單元，教學難度不致很大，主要困難落到了發(fā)音和拼法上。啟發(fā)學生仔細觀察，讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞的特點。12個詞中March, April, May, June和July基本符合拼讀規(guī)則。August和autumn的重讀音節(jié)相同，au讀作[&:]。January和February的后兩個音節(jié)相似，都含有雙元音[u+]加[ri]。最后四個月的名稱結(jié)尾都是-ber，而且重音都落在第二個音節(jié)上。有趣的是，September. November和December的最后兩個音節(jié)都是-ember['emb+]。而Sept., Nov. 和Dec.恰好是這幾個月的縮略形式。通過這樣的比較和聯(lián)想，記憶這些詞就會容易些。第二冊（下）練習冊的Additional revision exercises 中有個word puzzle，就是為練習12個月份詞設(shè)計的。在教學中，除了問 Which is the fourth month of the year？這類的問題，還可以問Which month comes after/before April？也可以直接翻開掛歷問月份：Which month is this？
（二）教學日期表達法
要用英語說“年、月、日”，除了學說月份，還得學會用于表達日期的序數(shù)詞和年代的讀法。關(guān)于序數(shù)詞的教法下一部分即將說明。在初中階段，僅教給學生一種日期的表示方法，即先說月份后說日期-“月份+the+序數(shù)詞”。例如：June the first, April the fourth, September the ninth等，而書寫時則是June 1（st）, April 4（th）, September 9（th）。
年代是由基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成，如1997，通常讀作nineteen ninety-seven, 2000讀作twothousand，2001讀作 two thousand and one或twenty oh one。用英語說“年、月、日”時，先說月、日，后說年代。寫時年代之前有逗號。例如May 4，1919（讀作May the fourth，nineteen nineteen）；October 1，1998（讀作October the first，nineteen ninety-eight）。
教學完日期的表達方法后，應要求值日生每天進行這樣的問答：What's the date today？What was the date yesterday？等。這是復習鞏固日期表達法的最好的途徑。
（三）教學句型Which is your favourite…？
第45課第二部分問答所設(shè)計的情景是為了議論哪個月份好與不好的。而這些句型也適用于“喜好與厭惡”這一功能項目。如果有余力，可用一點時間進行這樣的討論：
l）A：Which is your favourite sport？
B：Football is．What about you？
A：I think pingpong is the best．
B：And the worst？
A：Running．It's the hardest．
B：No．I think jumping is harder than running．
2）A：What is your favourite colour？
B：I think red is the nicest．
A：And the worst？
B：Brown.
A：No. I think black is worse than brown.
學生還可以彼此就食品、飲料、水果等做類似的問答。
（四）學習序數(shù)詞的方法
本冊教科書每一個課次都有兩種標法，如Lesson 1, The first lesson。其用意就是為了讓學生不斷接觸序數(shù)詞，自然地習得。否則，猛然在一兩課內(nèi)集中學幾十個序數(shù)詞必然感到困難。到了本單元教學時，一邊結(jié)合第45、46課所提供的情景教學，一邊可利用書后語法材料中的序數(shù)詞表進行歸納。重點指出first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, fortieth, eightieth, ninetieth, hundredth, one hundred and first等。因為這些都有一定的特殊性或典型性，其余序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)律可循，不難掌握。當學生掌握規(guī)律時，還要經(jīng)常復習。這里介紹四種復習的方法。
第一種最簡便，基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞配對。如口說one-first, two-second, three-third等等。不必說一百對，可以重點練習上面列出的典型數(shù)詞。也可由教師說基數(shù)詞，學生說或?qū)懗鲂驍?shù)詞。這種對比練習，既練了序數(shù)詞，又復習了基數(shù)詞。第二種加上名詞練習，如Lesson 5-the fifth lesson, Picture 6- the sixth picture, Room 11-the eleventh room。第三種是給學生編號，讓學生彼此問答：What's your number？My number is 12-the twelfth等。第四種可做游戲，例如Next number�。ㄒ姷谝粌缘�29課），但把基數(shù)詞換成序數(shù)詞。另外，還可做Bingo游戲。
（五）教學行為動詞的一般過去時
第45課第四部分初次出現(xiàn)了行為動詞過去時的疑問句When did you start in this school？When did we start this term？等�？梢圆扇Ρ鹊姆椒ń榻B新的句型。首先問When do we start our autumn term？回答 On September 1st. 板書這組句子。然后把our autumn改成this, do改成did, 問When did we start this term？讓學生猜句子的意思，根據(jù)實際情況告訴學生答案：About weeks ago. 向?qū)W生說明did是do的過去式，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。此時，不要求學生用完整句子回答，所以可以任意問when的問題。如：When did you study the second lesson？When did Jim's class go and work on a farm？When did they pick apples？When did Lucy eat mooncakes at Han Meimei's home？When did Lin Tao go to the zoo with Jim？When did you talk about months in English？
第46和47課把過去時的動詞局限在動詞have的短語之中（除了have僅出現(xiàn)了go的過去式）。這樣做好讓學生較快地熟悉過去時的各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)。盡管英語大多數(shù)動詞過去式是規(guī)則的，但常用的動詞多數(shù)卻不規(guī)則。這對于初學者很不利。選擇have/has的過去式had入手比較容易為學生所掌握。況且，“吃飯”（have meals）、“開會”（have a meeting）等與學生實際生活密切相關(guān)。于是，When did you have a meeting？What time did you have it？What did… have for… yesterday？Did you have… for… yesterday？加上肯定和否定的簡略答語，就這樣自然而然地介紹給了學生。如果學生理解了基本句型，還可趁機補充一些問句。如Did you have your school meeting last week？When did you have your class meeting？ Did you have four or five English lessons last term？Did you have an English class yesterday？Did you have a swim last Sunday？When did you go to the park？Did you have a good time？
這套初中課本設(shè)計了中外學生同校學習的情景，有固定的人物，有連貫的故事情節(jié)。這為練習過去時提供了較真實的情景。比如現(xiàn)在可以回憶初一第111課Jim's day，可用過去時的問句發(fā)問：When did Jim get up last Monday？ When did he have breakfast？What time did he go to school？ Did he go to school by bus？等。這時，有些動詞過去式還未學，因此回答不能用完整句，但并不影響口頭交際活動。待到本冊后幾個單元，就可以更加自由地就一些課文進行問答了。
（六）語音訓練
第48課復習了輔音[tM, d{]及有關(guān)的拼讀規(guī)則。這是一對清濁破擦音。有的學生受漢語“知、齒”的影響發(fā)不準這兩個音。糾正的方法是讓學生把嘴唇向前突出，微向外翻，形成喇叭形。這時口腔和舌頭的位置自動形成一種合適的位置，照這樣的口形發(fā)[tM, d{]較為準確。
第48課教學[tr，dr]和[ts，dz]兩組破擦音。其中每個輔音都是由爆破音和摩擦音組成，但形成了獨立的音素，切不可像朗讀輔音連綴那樣。[ts，dz]常見于名詞復數(shù)詞尾，如kites[kaits]，beds[bedz]等，不能讀成['kaits]和['bedz]。練習冊第48課練習1緊密配合本課語音練習。
參考教案 Unit 12 Which is your favourite教學參考資料 示例三
教學參考資料（Reference for teaching）
補充注釋（Additional notes）
1．How many weeks are there in a year？一年有多少周？
這個問題的回答一般是 There are fifty-two weeks in a year．
2．What was the date yesterday？昨天幾號？
What day was it yesterday？昨天是星期幾？
前一句問日期，后一句問星期幾，兩句不要混�；卮鹑掌谝话阏f年月日，但如果已知年代，只說月日。本冊教科書只出現(xiàn)了一種日期表達方式，即January 3，1999（月、日、年），其實，還有一種表達法，即3 January 1999（日、月、年）。3．It's much colder today．今天冷得多。
much 相當于a lot，在此句中是副詞，修飾 colder，加強比較的程度。又如：
It's getting much warmer now．現(xiàn)在天暖得多了。
He's getting a lot better these days．這些日子他好得多了。
與much相對應的有a little，如：
It is a little colder today．今天（比昨天）冷了一點兒。
Jim is a little taller than Li Let．吉姆比李雷稍稍高一點兒。
4．What time did you have it？你們是幾點鐘開的？
We had it after school．我們是放學以后開的。
這兩句中it代替前一句When did you have a meeting？（你們什么時候開會了？）中的a meeting。在漢語中，由于前句已說明“開會”，后面的幾句都可以省去賓語“會”。但在英語中，have是及物動詞，后面的賓語不能省去，為了不重復名詞meeting而要用it來代替。這種現(xiàn)象需提醒學生注意。
5．Did you have eggs for breakfast yesterday？
表示食物的名詞有的可數(shù)，有的不可數(shù)。在這個句型中，凡泛指的可數(shù)名詞，用復數(shù)形式，前面不用定冠詞。如：
Did you have noodles/dumplings/vegetables for lunch？
如果用an egg，那就是強調(diào)數(shù)量，指“一個蛋”。
6．Happy New Year！新年好！
當別人向你祝賀新年時，你可以同樣說Happy New Year！也可以答The same toyou！類似的情況還有Merry Christmas！（圣誕快樂�。〩appy Spring Festival�。ù汗�(jié)好！）
參考教案 Unit 12 Which is your favourite教學步驟 Lesson 48 示例三
Lesson 48
Step 1 Revision
Ask What's the date today? Revise saying the ordinals, months and year. Practise with a calendar. （See Lesson 46, Step 4 of the TB）.
Step 2 Revision
Talk about a story in the SB（e. g. SB page 19, Part 2）. Practise as much vocabulary and as many forms as possible, using Simple Past Tense forms（had, was, went, did）： e. g. Where did the children go? Did Li Lei hold the ladder? DidJim have more apples than Li Lei?
Step 3 Word families
SB page 48, Part1. Speech Cassette Lesson 48.Play the tape for the Ss to listen and repeat.
Practise the individual sounds, then show flash cards randomly and get the Ss to pronounce the words written on them.
Step 4 Listening
SB page 48, Part2. Listening Cassette Lesson 48. Play the tape three times if necessary. Wb Lesson 48, Ex. 2. Find out what the student had for breakfast, lunch and supper last Sunday.
Listening text:
What did you have for your meals last Sunday?
A： Did you have fish for lunch last Sunday?
B： No, we didn't. There wasn't any nice fish in the shop, so we had meat.
A： Did you have porridge for breakfast?
B： No, we didn't. There wasn't any rice, so we had bread and milk.
A： What did you have for supper?
B： We had chicken and rice.
The answers are： bread and milk for breakfast, meat for lunch, chicken and rice for supper.
Step 5 Checkpoint 12
Go through the sentences in Checkpoint 12．Drill the question forms like this:
T： I had fish yesterday.
Ss： Did you have fish yesterday?
T： Yes, I did. She had rice for breakfast．
Ss： Did she have rice for breakfast?
T： Yes, she did. etc.
Drill the question forms using other verbs, likethis：
T： get up at six
SA： Did you get up at six yesterday?
SB： Yes, I did. /No, I didn't.
T： come to school on foot
SA： Did you come…? etc.
Discuss any problems that the Ss might raise.
Step 6 Test
Dictate the following dates:
July 1st, 1997; August 25th, 1983; September14th, 1742; February 22nd, 1660; January 30th,1549; December 3rd, 1895．
Step 7 Workbook
Wb Lesson 48, Exx. 1-3.
The answers to Ex. 1 are： cheap, child, touch, catch; village, June, train, truck; dress, drive, gates, needs; rides, grades, hands, starts.
The answers to Ex.3 are： Did, have; did; did, have; had; did; had. had; did; did; played; have; did; have; have.
Step 8 Listen and say
As the New Year is coming, tell the Ss to say Happy New Year! to friends and relatives on New Year's Day. The reply is usually Happy New Year（to you）! or The same to you!
Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Write out the words in Wb Lesson 48, Ex.1 in the exercise books.
參考教案 Unit 12 Which is your favourite教學步驟 Lesson 47 示例三
Lesson 47
Step 1 Revision
Revise the forms of the Simple Past Tense learnt so far（did, went, had） by asking individual Ss What time did you have breakfast/lunch/dinner yesterday? What time did you go to school/ home/to bed? Help the Ss to answer. Note these answers on the Bb and ask about them: What time did he/she…?
Practise the question forms, then get the Ss to ask and answer in pairs.
Step 2 Presentation
Show a picture of someone swimming and say What did LiLei do yesterday? He went swimming. Repeat for Jim（did his homework）and Wei Hua（went shopping）. Ask randomly What did Li Lei/Jim/Wei Hua do yesterday? Help the Ss to answer.
Present Did Li Lei play football yesterday? No, he didn't. Did he go fishing? Yes, he did. Ask similar questions to elicit No, he/she didn't. Yes, he/she did. Pay attention to the pronunciation of didn't/'didn't/.
Ask individual Ss Did you play basketball（etc）yesterday? to practise No, I didn't. Yes, I did. Note that for all persons the past form of the action verb remains the same.
Step 3 Practice
Ask a student to come to the front. The class must ask as many questions as possible to find out what the student did yesterday.
Give some examples: Did you eat bread yesterday? Did you buy any fruit yesterday? Help the student to answer Yes, I did. No, I didn't. Say I can't remember! if necessary.
Then Ss ask and answer in pairs about themselves.
Step4 Presentation
Use pictures to teach or revise rice, dumpling, noodles, porridge, fish, meat, vegetables, fruit, chicken, eggs, bread. For each one ask Ss Did you/he/she/they eat rice/…yesterday? Helpthem to answer Yes/No, I/he/She/they did/ didn't as appropriate.
SB page 47, Part1. Read through the vocabulary with the Ss. Practise the pronunciation carefully. Revise the spelling rules: u/)/, oo/u:/, o/&/, etc.
Step 5 Read, ask and answer
SB page 47, Part 2. Let the Ss look at the table for a moment.
Make sure they understand what they are required to do. Ask Did…? questions, such as Did Jim have eggs for breakfast yesterday? Then get individual Ss to make up Did…?
questions in the same way. Finally, get the Ss to ask and answer in pairs.
Step 6 Ask and answer
SB page 47, Part 3. Ask the What…?
questions, then get individual Ss to make up some more. Let the Ss ask and answer in pairs.
Step 7 Workbook
Wb Lesson 47, Exx. 1－3.
Do Ex. 1 orally in pairs and write the answers in the form.
For Ex. 2 get a pair of Ss to read the dialogue and make sure the Ss understand it. Ask some Ss How many lessons did you have yesterday morning/afternoon? What lessons did you have? What did your Chinese teacher say about the homework? If possible, you may tell the Ss the English for some other subjects, e. g. maths, P.E., etc. Then get the Ss to practise the dialogue in pairs.
Do Ex. 3 orally in class. The Ss are encouraged to think of more sentences using the past forms of verb to be.
Homework
Write eight sentences for Wb Lesson 47, Ex3. Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Revise the new vocabulary and language points in this unit.
參考教案 Unit 12 Which is your favourite教學步驟 Lesson 46 示例三
Lesson 46
Step1 Revision
Revise the names of the months. Ask Which is the fifth month? etc. Write the answers in a column on the Bb. Then ask the Ss, or let the mask each other, the questions in SB Lesson 45, Parts 2, 3 and 4.
Revise Wb Lesson 45, Exx. 2 and 4.
Step 2 Presentation
Ask What's the date today? What was the date yesterday/the day before yesterday/last Friday? etc. Write the dates（e. g. December 1st, 19__）on the Bb. Note that, although the style 1stDecember, 19__is also possible, it is better to teach one style at this stage.
Write the ordinals 1st-12th on the Bb. Practise their pronunciation. Point out that the ending of each number is written down： 1st=firST, 2nd=secoND, etc.
Step 3 Practice
SB page 46, Part1. Play Speech Cassette Lesson46 for the Ss to listen and repeat. Use a calendar to practise the ordinals randomly.
Point out that the year is divided into nineteen +（ninety-four）. （Note that 2000 may be called two thousand or twenty hundred;
2001 may be two thousand and one, twenty hundred and one or twenty oh one, etc. ）
Step 4 Practice
Use a calendar or flash cards, or write on the Bb. Show the Ss a date： e. g. June 22nd, 1994. Say June the twenty-second, nineteen ninety-four. Ss listen and repeat.
Change one element of the date each time and ask What's the date? Help the Ss to answer. Ask Ss individually.
Help the students to write down today's date in their exercise books.
Step 5 Game
Play the Next Number game, using ordinal numbers. Call out several Ss, e. g： Team 2 or Row 4. Tell them to count like this： first, second, third, fourth, next, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, Next！etc. Anyone who says a wrong number is“out”and has to sit down.
Step 6 Presentation
Ask the Ss What day was it yesterday? What was the date yesterday? Help them to answer using was. Then ask Is it cold today? and was it cold yesterday? Make a comparison, saying It's colder/much colder/not very cold today. Explain the meaning of cold by gestures. Then play Speech Cassette Lesson 46. Get the Ss to listen to the first dialogue in SB page 46, Part 2, and to repeat after the recording.
Ask the Ss When do you usually have your class meeting? If the answer is on Saturday morning, ask Did you have a meeting last Saturday? Yes, you did. You had a meeting last Saturday. That is____ days ago. Point out that, when we talk about a past activity, we have to change the verb form： have→had, do→did, is/am→was, are→were. Then play the tape and let the Ss listen to the second dialogue in SB page 46, Part 2, and repeat after the recording.
Step 7 Practice
SB page 46, Part 2. Read through and practise the dialogues with the Ss. Get the Ss to give the simple past forms of is, have, do and go. Then Ss practise in pairs. See if they can make up some new dialogues.
Step 8 Workbook
Wb Lesson 46, Exx. 1-3.
Ex. 1 should be done orally with the whole class. Ss do Exx. 2 and 3 orally in pairs. For Ex. 3, get some pairs to act out their own dialogues if time permits.
Note： From now on, all the students must always write the date in their exercise books for each piece of work. Some of them may need help in doing this.
Homework
Do Wb Lesson 46, Ex. 3. Ss write three dialogues using different expressions from the book.
參考教案 Unit 12 Which is your favourite教學步驟 Lesson 45 示例三
教學步驟（Teaching steps）
Lesson 45
Note： A calendar showing dates clearly would be useful for this lesson.
Step1 Revision
Revise What day is it today/tomorrow? What day was it yesterday? What's the date today/tomorrow? Teach What was the date yesterday? Revise the names of the days of the week. Ask What was the date last Friday? etc.
Step2 Presentation
Write the numbers 1 to 12 in a column on the Bb. Revise the months that the Ss know, by asking Which is the ninth/tenth/eleventh month? etc. Write the name of the month next to the appropriate number.
Repeat for the names of the new months: say Which is the first month? If no one can answer, say It's January. Continue with the other months. Get the Ss to practise the pronunciation, taking particular care with February/'febru+ri/.
Write the names of the months on the Bb.
Ask randomly Which is the third/eighth/twelfth month? etc.
Speech Cassette Lesson 45. Ss listen and repeat.
Step 3 Practice
Divide the class into two groups. Get them to say the months alternately, like this:
Group A： January
Group B： February
Group A： March, etc.
Repeat, erasing four months from the Bb each tune, until the Bb is clear.
Ask randomly Ss When（In which month）is your birthday? It's in （Name of a month）. Finish with a survey of the class： Whose birthday is in January（etc）? Put up your hands. See which month has the most birthdays.
Step 4 Read and learn
SB page 45, Part1. Read the names of the months. Ss listen and repeat. Point out the firstletter of each month： this can help the Ss to remember the order（J-F-MAM-J；
JASON-D）. Let the Ss look at the name for a minute. Then, books closed! See who can recite all the months in the correct order.
Step 5 Ask and answer
SB page 45, Part 2. Do this as a quiz. Divide the class into two teams. Choose a student to answer each question. If the answer is correct, give the team a point.
After ten questions, get a member of one team to set a question for a member of the other team.
Finally, Ss can ask and answer in pairs.
Step 6 Ask and answer
SB page 45, Part 3. Go through the dialogue and practise the forms bad/worse/the worst. Then ask the Ss the same questions: Which is your favourite month? And the worst? Each student then asks three others these questions. Get the Ss to write the answers in their exercise books.
Step 7 Practice
Teach ago by writing this year's date on the Bb.
Say Now it is 199_. Write an earlier date（e. g. five years earlier）and say Five years ago, it was19_ _. Give some more examples.
SB page 45, Part4. Read through the questions.
Explain briefly that did is the Simple Past Tense form of do. Get the Ss to answer the questions orally, then in writing.
Step 8 Workbook
Wb Lesson 45, Exx. 1-4.
Do Ex. 1 orally with the whole class.
Ex. 2 and Ex. 3 may be done orally in class. Do the first two in each exercise as examples, then Ss work in pairs. Check the answers.
Do Ex. 4 orally in class. Get the Ss to fill in the blanks with appropriate words or numbers.
Homework
Do Wb Lesson 45, Ex. 2. Ss write the answers to the questions.
Ss should also learn the names of the months.