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      2. 初三英語(人教版)Unit 3知識歸納

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-5-5 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

        知識點(diǎn)擷英

         1. Businessmen are afraid of newspapers and TV stations.

          be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人或某事。

          be afraid后面還可接不定式和v-ing形式,但二者之間有區(qū)別:be afraid to do表示由于主觀原因不敢、害怕去做某事;be afraid of doing表示擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)與主觀良好愿望相違背的情況或不好的結(jié)果。如:

          She was afraid to step further in the grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.(她生怕被蛇咬著,而不敢往草叢中再走一步。)

          She was afraid to wake her husband.(她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。)

          She was afraid of waking her husband. (她生怕吵醒她丈夫。)

          2. a year and a half

          英語中表示“一個(gè)半”的方法有兩種:① a/an +名詞單數(shù)+and+ a half ② one+and+a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如“一個(gè)半小時(shí)”就有兩種表達(dá)方式:an hour and a half或one and a half hours。

          3. My friend said there was a car collecting rubbish outside.

          collecting rubbish做car的后置定語。v-ing形式作后置定語時(shí),通常表示被修飾詞是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如:Do you know the boy lying under the tree? lying這個(gè)動(dòng)作就是前面的名詞boy發(fā)出的,而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

          4. ...needs to do better in protecting the environment.

          need 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面可接名詞、不定式和v-ing形式。如:

          Everyone needs others' help.

          You don't need to know.

          need后接v-ing形式時(shí),主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如:

          My shoes need repairing.

          = My shoes need to be repaired.

          need還可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:You needn't go

        句型用法透視(Unit 3)

          一、The +比較級,the+比較級.“越……越……。”

          【考點(diǎn)說明】該句型使用時(shí)前半句表?xiàng)l件,后半句表結(jié)果。

          The more we listen to the teacher, the more we understand.我們聽老師講得越多,我們懂得就越多。

          The more, the better. 多多益善。

          The higher, the colder.海拔越高,氣溫越低。

          【區(qū)別于】more and more“越來越多的……”

          1.修飾不可數(shù)名詞

          More and more waste will be produced with the development of industry.隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展,將產(chǎn)生越來越多的廢物。

          2.修飾可數(shù)名詞

          More and more students will realize the importance of studying English.越來越多的學(xué)生將意識到英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。

           二、be afraid of ...“害怕……”

          【考點(diǎn)說明】該句型使用時(shí),后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。

           He is afraid of the dog.他怕這條狗。

           Is she afraid of that dangerous river? 她害怕那條危險(xiǎn)的河嗎?

          【區(qū)別于】1.be afraid to do不敢做某事

           He's afraid to go there.他不敢去那里。

          She's afraid to see him.她不敢見他。

           2.be afraid that 恐怕

           Hurry up!I'm afraid that we will be late.快點(diǎn),恐怕我們要遲到了。

          三、It is one's duty to do sth. “做某事是某人的責(zé)任!

          【考點(diǎn)說明】使用該句型時(shí),it為形式主語,不定式為真正主語。

           It is my duty to help them.幫助他們是我的責(zé)任。

           Is it your duty to clean the blackboard? 擦黑板是你的責(zé)任嗎?

           【區(qū)別于】It is one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事。

           It is my turn to be on duty today.今天輪到我值日。

           四、Don't forget to... “別忘了……。”

           【考點(diǎn)說明】該句型為祈使句,要求對方別忘了去做某事。

           Don't forget to post the letter for me when you pass by the post office.從郵局經(jīng)過時(shí)別忘了幫我寄這封信。

           -Don't forget to go and see her. --別忘了去看她。

           -I won't. --我不會(huì)忘記。

           【區(qū)別于】Please remember to do sth.請記住去做某事。

          Please remember to close the door when you leave the room.離開房間時(shí)記住關(guān)門。

          Did you remember to buy the dictionary for me yesterday?昨天你記得給我買那本字典了嗎?

           五、Wherever you live, you can ... “無論你住在哪里,你都能……。”

           【考點(diǎn)說明】wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。

           Wherever you live, you can write a letter to me.無論你住在哪兒,都可以給我寫信。

           Wherever you live, you can get help from others.無論你住在哪兒,都可以得到別人的幫助。

           六、 If everyone makes a contribution to doing..., the world will become... “如果人人都為……做貢獻(xiàn),世界將會(huì)變得……。”

           【考點(diǎn)說明】該句型中if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,從句部分應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。to為介詞,后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。

           If everyone makes a contribution to preventing pollution, our world will become much cleaner. 如果人人為防止污染做點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn),我們的世界將會(huì)變得更干凈。

        一語天機(jī)(Unit 3)

        1. waste

        ①作名詞,可以和不定冠詞連用,無復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示“浪費(fèi)”或“廢物”。

        ②作動(dòng)詞,表示“浪費(fèi)……”、“未充分利用”。

        ③作形容詞,表示“廢棄的”、“無用的”。

        2. story

        ①通常理解為“故事”、“小說”,但在本課中指“報(bào)道”。

        ②還可作“經(jīng)歷”、“情況”解釋。

        ③another story 意為“另一回事”;the same story 意為“(情況)也一樣”;The story goes that...表示“據(jù)說……”。

        3. harm

        常用作名詞,表示“損害”、“危害”。一般指環(huán)境、精神方面的傷害。常見結(jié)構(gòu):do/mean/be(no, little, much)harm to...,例:Smoking does much harm to people. 吸煙對身體傷害很大。

        4. improve

        意思是“改善”、“提高”,可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞。如:The situation is improving. 情況正在好轉(zhuǎn)。

        5. around

        ①作介詞,表示“在……附近”、“在周圍”、“到處”。

        ②作副詞,表示“到處”、“在附近”;也可表示“大約”,指數(shù)量和時(shí)間。

        Unit 3 重難點(diǎn)解析

          1.【原文】 I've been with Greener China for a year. (L. 9 ) 句中be with是“參加”的意思嗎?與join有什么區(qū)別?

           【精析】be with是“參加”的意思,表示狀態(tài),可與時(shí)間段連用。而join表示“參加”時(shí),是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不可與時(shí)間段連用。例如:

           I've been with the group for many years.我參加這個(gè)組織已經(jīng)多年了。

           I joined the army three years ago.我三年前就參軍了。

           2.【原文】“ It's a pleasant way to help keep our city clean,” said my friend. ( L.10 ) 這個(gè)句子是什么結(jié)構(gòu)?to help keep...怎么理解?

           【精析】這是由it作形式主語,不定式短語作真正主語的句子。這類句子由于主語較長,而用it作形式主語,把真正主語移至句末,使句子保持平衡。本句中的to help keep our city clean是真正的主語。再如:It's nice to meet you.見到你很高興。

          to help keep...意思是“有助于保持……”。keep our city clean是“keep + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu),作help的賓語。不定式作help的賓語?墒∪o。

           3.【原文】He's gone with his group to plant trees.(L. 11)plant有哪些用法?用作動(dòng)詞表示“種植”時(shí),與grow相同嗎?

            【精析】plant可用作名詞,表示“植物”,如:Plants need light and water.植物需要光和水。用作名詞時(shí),還有“工廠”的意思,常指大型工廠。如:A new power plant was built last month.上個(gè)月新建了一個(gè)發(fā)電廠。

           plant用作動(dòng)詞,意為“種植”,可表示種植各類植物。grow也可表示“種植”,多指種植農(nóng)作物類,一般不用于植樹。試比較:

           They plant many trees in North China.他們在中國北方種了許多樹。

           They grow rice in South China.他們在中國南方種植水稻。

           4.【原文】 I suppose we'll go there next week. (L. 11 ) suppose與think有區(qū)別嗎?

            【精析】有。二者都有“認(rèn)為、想”的意思,think含有推理、判斷形成看法之意。suppose近似于think,但含不確切之意。在“suppose + (that) 從句”這一句式中,若主語是第一人稱,其從句若為否定形式,應(yīng)將否定詞前移至主句,用法同think。如:I don't suppose he will come. 我猜他不會(huì)來。

           5.【原文】...ask them to stop pouring dirty water into the river or the lake nearby? (L. 12) 請講一下stop doing 與stop to do的區(qū)別。

            【精析】stop后接v-ing是“停止做某事”,v-ing是stop的賓語,被停止的對象。stop 后接to do意思是“停下來去做另一件事情”,to do是目的狀語。試比較:

           It's time for class. Stop talking, please.該上課了,請不要說話了。

           We have worked for a long time. Let's stop to have a rest.我們工作很長時(shí)間了,讓我們停下來休息一會(huì)兒。

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