1. [原文]Have you ever watched someone surf? (L. 6)surf是動(dòng)詞,在這里怎么用原形?
[精析] surf是省去to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,在這里作感官動(dòng)詞watch的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。類似用法還有,感官動(dòng)詞look at, see, listen to, hear, 使役動(dòng)詞let, have,make等,后都可以接省去to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。
2. [原文] Now it is enjoyed by people all over the world. (L. 6) is enjoyed是什么謂語(yǔ)形式?all over是什么用法?
[精析]is enjoyed是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,即be + 過(guò)去分詞形式。這部分內(nèi)容在今后還要學(xué)到。
all over是“全部、渾身、在各地”的意思,可單獨(dú)使用,也可在其后接相應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)。例如:
People all over the world love peace.全世界的人民都熱愛(ài)和平。
He is wet all over.他全身都濕了。
all over the world 也可以用all the world, the whole world 來(lái)表示,但一定要注意冠詞的位置。用all 時(shí),冠詞放在all之后,用whole時(shí),冠詞放在whole之前。
3. [原文] Every year...attract large numbers of tourists to the islands. (L. 6) large numbers of與a large number of 有區(qū)別嗎?
[精析]沒(méi)有。這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都表示“許多”的意思,可以互換。如:Large numbers of / A large number of people came to the meeting from all over the country. 許多來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的人參加了會(huì)議。但是a number of / numbers of 與the number of是有區(qū)別的。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),前者后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式;后者意思是“為……的總數(shù)”,后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。試比較:
A number of students are playing in the playground.許多學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上玩。
The number of students in the playground is about one hundred.操場(chǎng)上的學(xué)生(數(shù)量)大約有一百人。
4. [原文] For example, Jake Booth, a 21-year-old man, gave up his job in San Francisco a year ago. (L. 6) 21-year-old中的year怎么不加s?
[精析] 21-year-old是由數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + 形容詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,其中year不可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式,詞與詞之間用連字號(hào)。試比較:
He is a 15-year-old boy.他是一個(gè)15歲的男孩。
The boy is 15 years old.這個(gè)男孩15歲。
另外,句中g(shù)ive up意思是“放棄”,作及物動(dòng)詞,后可以接動(dòng)名詞;也可以接代詞,用賓格放于up之前。也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
You should give up smoking. I gave it up last year.你應(yīng)該戒煙。我去年就戒掉了。
She doesn't give up easily.她做任何事情都不會(huì)輕易放棄。
5. [原文] Although I haven't got a very good job, surfing keeps me very fit.( L. 6) although與though用法相同嗎?
[精析] 有共同之處,也有不同點(diǎn)。兩都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示漢語(yǔ)的“雖然……但是……”。但不能說(shuō)although / though...but...。如:不能說(shuō):Although / Though he is very old, but he is still quite strong. 句中的but 應(yīng)去掉。Although是較為正式的用語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)的從句多位于主句前,though多用于非正式文體中,引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句前后都可。
注意:though可用于倒裝句中,although不可。如:Young though he is , he has worked for a few years.他雖然年輕但已經(jīng)工作好幾年了。
6.[原文] He's gone to New Zealand on business. (L. 7) business前可以加定冠詞the 嗎?
[精析] 不可以。on表示“處于……狀態(tài)中”,與一些名詞構(gòu)成特定的詞組,on business出差。再如:on duty值日,on fire著火了,on holiday在度假。這些固定詞組中都不能加冠詞。
7. [原文] On May 17, 2001, on his 13th birthday, his dream came true.(L. 8) come true是“實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思,realize也有這一意思,它們的用法一樣嗎?
[精析] 不一樣。這兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)雖然可以表示同一個(gè)意思,但句法結(jié)構(gòu)不同。come true的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是某事,而realize的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是某人。試比較:
His dream has come true.他的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
He has realized his dream.他實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的夢(mèng)想。
另外,表示某人幾歲生日是:one's + 序數(shù)詞 + birthday。如:Tom's 10th birthday.
8. [原文] He went on cycling for another two hours before he finished his journey. (L. 8) 句中的journey與trip, travel均可表示“旅行”,有區(qū)別嗎?
[精析] 有區(qū)別。這三個(gè)詞都表示“旅行”的意思。journey 一般指較遠(yuǎn)距離的旅行,指單程;trip用得比較廣泛,可以是“旅行”,也可以是“去了一下”,但都指一個(gè)往返;travel一般指到國(guó)外或遠(yuǎn)方旅行,不著重某一個(gè)目的地,有到各地“游歷”的意思。請(qǐng)看例句:
He made a journey from Paris to Berlin.他作了一次從巴黎到柏林的旅行。
I took several trips to Guilin.我去過(guò)桂林幾次。
He returned from his travels.他旅行結(jié)束回到家里。