一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 四會單詞和詞組：
pain , in (the) future , be rich in , contain , fat ( n . ) , soft drink , score , scores of , discuss , discussion , at the end ( of )
三會單詞和詞組： examine , ripe , advise , patient , energy , weight , put on weight , westerner , cause , unhealthy , lose weight , suggestion
Ⅱ. 交際英語：
人人都希望自己身體健康，工作順利，生活愉快。人體就像一部機(jī)器，機(jī)器需要經(jīng)常保養(yǎng)才能不停地正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，不出故障；人也需要營養(yǎng)合理的飲食、充足的睡眠、必不可少的休息與娛樂。倘若你為了省錢省時間而終日湊合著吃東西；倘若你為了擠出更多的時間對付艱苦的學(xué)習(xí)而擠掉了睡眠時間；倘若你為了多打工賺錢，幾乎舍棄了所有的休息與娛樂。那么，生病就在所難免。萬一人生了病就需要去醫(yī)院診斷出出故障的原因，這時就需要和醫(yī)生打交道，下面是常用到的語句。
醫(yī)生用語：
1. What can I do for you ? / What was the matter ? / What‘s the trouble ?
2. Does it hurt here ? / It’s nothing serious . / Let me examine you . / Take this medicine three times a day . / And I advise you not to do …
3. Drink plenty of water and have a good rest . / You‘d better have a good rest . / You’ll be well soon .
4. Show me your tongue . / Stick out your tongue . / Did you cough much ? / Fortunately , you only have the flu (流感) . / You‘ll have to be hospitalized (住院) .
5. How long have you been like this ? / Well , let’s see . Open your mouth and say “ah ”. / Keep warm and don‘t catch cold .
病人用語：
1. I’ve got a pain ( cough , headache , toothache ) . / I don‘t feel well . / There’s something wrong with … . / This place hurts . / I feel a great pain here . / I feel dizzy (頭暈) . / I took some medicine last night , but they didn‘t help . / Doctor , please give me an examination .
2. I’ve had my temperature taken . I indeed have a fever . / I was hot and cold by turns .
3. I don‘t feel well , doctor . / I hope it won’t last long . / I don‘t feel like eating anything .
4. I have a sore throat ( 喉嚨痛) and my chest hurts . / It started bothering me yesterday afternoon . / I feel hot and feverish . / I’m aching all over .
5. I‘ve been losing sleep . / My whole body feels weak . / I’ve lost my voice . / My ears are ringing , and my cheeks burning . / I feel a pain in my left leg .
Ⅲ. 語法重點(diǎn)：進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)提出建議和忠告的句型。
1. I advise you (not) to do … / you‘d better (not) do … / I suggest that you (should) do … / Why not do … / Why don’t you do …
2. It‘s better to be absolutely sure , even if it does take a bit more time and trouble .
3. Well , if I were you , I would spend about four days sightseeing in Beijing and two or three days in Shanghai for shopping .
4. Let me give you a bit of advice , if you don’t mind . Stop smoking or at least cut down on it . Watch your diet and …
5. How / What about doing some shopping here ?
6. I think we‘d better send for a doctor .
7. Well , if you go on the way you have , you’re only going to make things harder for yourself .
8. Yes , I suppose so . / Yes , I certainly will . / That‘s a good idea . / Yes , but don’t you think … ?
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. contain 作及物動詞是“包含；包括；能容納，能裝入”
Sea water contains salt .
This auditorium will contain 3,000 people .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) contain 和 include 雖然都有“包含”的意思，但 contain 可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，而 include 則只是包含一部分。試對比：
The parcel contained a dictionary . 那包裹里裝的是一本字典。
The parcel included a dictionary . 那包裹里也包括了一本字典。
The tour includes a visit to Paris . 這次旅行包括游覽巴黎。
The basket contains a variety of fruits . 這籃子裝有各種水果。
(2) including 可以作介詞連接介詞短語。試比較：
Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth , including my mother .
Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth , my mother included .
可以這樣說，include 著重“被包含者只是整體中的一部分”。contain 著重“內(nèi)有”。
2. advise 作及物動詞是“忠告、勸告、建議”
The doctor advised a soft diet . 醫(yī)生建議進(jìn)軟食。
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) advise + doing
He advised getting plenty of sleep and eating good meals .
(2) advise sb to do 建議某人干……。advise sb not to do sth = advise sb against doing 建議某人不要干
The teacher advised us not to read carelessly . = The teacher advised us against careless reading .
對比：The teacher advised our reading carefully . (動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
(3) advise that + 主語 + (should) do
She advised that he spend his holidays in Heinan .
對比：（誤）Sharon suggested me to ask Dr Yang for help .
（對）Sharon advised me to ask Dr Yang for help .
（對）Sharon suggested / advised that I should ask Dr Yang for help .
（對）Sharon suggested / advised my asking Dr Yang for help .
（對）I was advised to ask Dr Yang for help by Sharon .
(4) advice 是不可數(shù)名詞，表達(dá)“一條建議”用：a piece / bit / word of advice 。
3. score (比賽的) 得分；（單復(fù)數(shù)相同）二十
The score at the end of the game was 5 to 4 against the visiting team . 比賽結(jié)果為 5 比 4 ， 客隊(duì)敗北。
What‘s the score now ? 現(xiàn)在比分是多少 ？
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) scores of 許多，大批
The exhibition has scores of visitors every day .
(2) score 前有數(shù)詞時，score 用單數(shù)，其后的 of 常省略。但在代詞或者起定語作用的指示代詞及物主掉次前的 of 不能省略。
Three score of them are League members .
Three score of those eggs are his .
She has two score (of) eggs . (這種情況下最好不用 of )
4. discuss 作及物動詞是“討論，議論”。名詞形式是 discussion 。
I’ve something of great importance to discuss with you .
After careful discussion the two parties reached an agreement on this matter .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) discuss 后直接接名詞、疑問詞 + to do ，不接 about / on 。但discussion 后可以接about 。
（錯）We have discussed about the problem .
（對）We have discussed the problem .
（對）We have had a discussion about the problem .
(2) discuss sth with sb 和某人討論……
We will discuss the changes of our school with them later .
(3) discuss freely 自由討論，discuss fully / thoroughly 充分討論，discuss keenly 激烈討論，under discussion 在討論中，have a long discussion about / on sth 對……進(jìn)行長時間的討論， a heated / hot discussion 熱烈的討論。
5. suggestion 建議
Your suggestion is very helpful .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) 含有suggestion 的主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句中主句謂語用 should 型虛擬式。
We agree to his suggestion that the book (should) be published once more .
(2) suggestion 的搭配有：make a helpful / timely suggestion 作出有益（適時）的建議。act on / at one‘s suggestion = act on / at the suggestion of sb 按照某人的建議做。
(3) suggestion , advice 和 opinion
advice 多指根據(jù)自己的學(xué)識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)提出來的供人參考的意見。suggestion 指為改進(jìn)工作、解決問題而提出的建議，比 advice 委婉。opinion 是日常用語，指對某事的觀點(diǎn)、想法。另外，advice 是不可數(shù)名詞。
Advice is seldom welcome . (諺語) 忠言逆耳。
In our opinion , these trees must be cut down at once .
We have decided to pay more attention to their suggestions .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1. at the doctor’s 在診所
At the doctor‘s you can have your eyesight tested .
2. visit a doctor = see a doctor 看醫(yī)生，看病，就診
He had to visit a doctor because of his heart trouble .
3. a piece of bread 一塊面包
4. a bit 有點(diǎn)兒（修飾形容詞）
These apples are a bit green . 這些蘋果有些生。
5. have a good rest 好好休息一下
6. in four hours’ time 四小時后，四小時內(nèi)
Take two pills now and two more in fours‘ time .
They will arrive in two hours’ time .
7. a diet of 一種……的食物
Every person needs water and a diet of healthy foods .
8 . different kinds of 不同種類的
There are different kinds of moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Day .
Different kinds of book ( = Different kinds of books = Books of different kinds ) are on show in the book fair .
9. in calories 以卡來計(jì)算
The energy is measured in calories . 這種能量以卡來計(jì)算。
10. be asleep 睡者（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）。fall asleep 睡著（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作）
11. burn up 燒掉，燒毀；消耗掉。
While you are walking , your body is burning up 100 calories an hour .
If the satellite returns to the earth too fast , it burns up on the way .
The house burned up before the firemen got there .
12. as much as 像……那樣多；多達(dá)；到達(dá)……的程度。as much as 用于不可數(shù)的物體，而 as many as 則用于可數(shù)的物體。該結(jié)構(gòu)還可以變化為：as much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + as 或者 as many + 可數(shù)名詞 + as 的形式。
Here is a bottle of ink . You may use as much as you need .
The average distance of the sun from the earth is as much as 150 million kilometres .
太陽與地球的平均距離達(dá)一億五千萬公里。
You should rest as much as possible .
In the countries of Black Africa , there are as many as 700 languages .
When working there , she could earn as much as 500 dollars a week .
He is strong enough to carry as much as 200 jin .
13. be considered (to be ) + 名詞或者形容詞“被認(rèn)為是……”
14. be rich in 含有大量的；充滿
This kind of fish is rich in vitamins A and D .
A large stretch of land rich in coal is called a coal field .
注意其反義詞組是：be low in 含量低。be high in 含有大量的……
15. too much 過于多的（修飾不可數(shù)名詞、作主語、作賓語、作表語）。而much too修飾形容詞和副詞。
She gets up much too early , because she has too much work to do every day .
16 . take exercise 運(yùn)動；鍛煉
You need to take more exercise if you want to keep healthy .
She ate too much and did not take any exercise .
17. put on weight 增加體重；發(fā)胖。lose weight 減少體重。
Too many sweets and not enough exercise will make you put on weight .
To the great joy of her , she has lost much weight .
18. in the form of 以……的形式
He made the suggestion in the form of a question .
All sounds travel in the forms of waves .
Water exists in the form of ice , snow , steam , etc.
19. one person in ten = one-tenth = one person out of ten 十分之一的人
注意區(qū)別：ten to one 十有八九，有可能
20. by the age of 在……歲前；不超過……歲。by 在這里相當(dāng)于 before 。
She had had three children by the age of 35 .
He had been in the army for two years by the age of 18 .
注意：at the age of 在……歲時。試對比：
She married at the age of 30 .
She had been married by the age of 30 .
21. put … in order 把……按照順序排列好
22 . value for money 合算，花錢值得
23 . scores of 幾十的，大量的，許多的（修飾可數(shù)名詞）
24 . value of money 合算，花錢值得
25 . lose weight 減少體重
26 . die from heart illnesses 死于各類心臟疾病
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元句型思路明晰
1. Even when + 從句
Even when you are asleep , you are using energy . 甚至在你睡覺時，你也在消耗能量。
〖明晰〗even 作為副詞放在由when引起的時間狀語從句的前面起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。
Even when it is in August , the weather there is very cold .
Even when he was taking a holiday he was worried about his work .
2 . 主語 + be considered + to be + 主語補(bǔ)足語
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world . 中國飲食被認(rèn)為是世界上最健康的飲食。
〖明晰〗consider 做“認(rèn)為”時可以帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即：主語 + consider + 賓語 + 不定式（主要是 to be 做賓語補(bǔ)足語）。如果將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則 consider 用被動語態(tài)，原來作賓補(bǔ)的不定式便變成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意：to be 常常被省略后成為：consider + 賓語 + 名詞（或者形容詞）。
He considered the task to be the most difficult one . → The task was considered to be the most difficult one by him .
We all consider his suggestion to be reasonable . → His suggestion is considered to be reasonable .
We consider this (to be) a useful book . → We consider this book useful .
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . When playing football or basketball , you might be using 400 calories an hour . 踢足球或者打籃球時，你每小時可能要消耗 400 卡能量。
〖釋疑〗連詞 when , while 引起的時間狀語從句，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語是同一人或物時，則可以省略主謂語，變成“When / while + ing”這中結(jié)構(gòu)。
While he was doing the experiment , he noticed something strange . = While doing the experiment , he noticed something strange .
2 . In some parts of Britain , one person in ten , by the age of thirty , has no teeth left . 在英國有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齒就掉光了。
〖釋疑〗 one person in ten 即 one person in ten persons 的省略，其意思為“十個中有一個人”。與 one person in ten 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：one person out of ten , one out of ten persons 。但是，ten to one 是“十有八九，很可能”。
Two teachers in ten are against this plan .
Three out of four people (= Three fourths of the people ) went there to have a look .
It will rain tonight ten to one .
另外，left 為過去分詞作定語修飾 teeth ，其意思是“剩余的”。
There is but one chance left . 只剩下一個機(jī)會。
3 . scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening . 開張的頭幾天，許許多多人到那家餐館去就餐。
〖釋疑〗after 為介詞，其后的物主代詞所有格 its 及名詞 opening (開張，開幕；開放)構(gòu)成介詞短語作狀語。in the first few days “在頭幾天里”，這里，the first 不是“第一”，當(dāng)其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，意思是“頭幾個，第一批”。
I was one of the first people to visit the newly built factory .