非謂語動詞作狀語
【高考走向】
非謂語動詞作狀語的用法較靈活，很多同學(xué)覺得較難掌握，但在高考中卻是屢見不鮮的考點。高考對
非謂語動詞作狀語的考查多與對動詞其他形式的考查同時進(jìn)行，主要包括以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容：
1．不定式作狀語；
2．-ing分詞作狀語；
3．-ed分詞作狀語。
【典型例題】
1．(NMET98, 單項填空)European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most
popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
正確答案：A 此題考查-ing分詞作結(jié)果狀語的用法，所以選A。
2．（NMET96，單項填空）_______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
正確答案：C 此題考查-ed分詞短語作原因狀語的用法 be lost in thought是一個短語，意為"陷入沉
思"，所以選C。
3．（MET90，單項填空）Tom kept quiet about the accident _______ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
正確答案：B 此題考查不定式作目的狀語及其結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選B。
【知識點撥】
1．不定式作狀語
① 不定式作狀語常用來表目的、結(jié)果或原因等。
例如：We eat to live, but we don't live to eat. (目的)
What has he said to make you so happy? (結(jié)果)
She burst into tears to hear the bad news. (原因)
注：表目的的不定式還常與so as或in order連用，構(gòu)成so as (not) to do和in order (not)
to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
例如：To get there in time, we got up very early.
= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.
= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.
② 不定式可用于作表語或補語的形容詞之后作狀語。
例如：I'm sorry to hear that.
Be careful not to catch cold .
The man is easy to get along with.
I don't think the man hard to get along with.
③ 不定式常與too或enough連用，在句中作狀語。
例如：The boy is too young to go to school/ to be sent to school.
= The boy is not old enough to go to school/ to be sent to school.
④ 不定式有時用于so...as to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中作狀語。
例如：Will you be so kind as to help me with the work?
⑤ 有時，不定式還可修飾一個句子，表明說話人的態(tài)度。常見的這類不定式有to tell you the
truth, to be honest, to be franc, to be fair, 等。
例如：To tell you the truth, I don't like the film.
2．-ing分詞和-ed分詞作狀語
① -ing分詞和-ed分詞作狀語修飾謂語，多說明動作發(fā)生的背景、方式或伴隨情況。如果在邏輯
上句中的主語與分詞有主謂關(guān)系，用-ing分詞，有動賓關(guān)系則用-ed分詞。
例如：We enjoyed ourselves in the park, singing and dancing.
Built in 1900, the house is now 100 years old.
② -ing分詞和-ed分詞都可作原因或時間狀語, 其作用相當(dāng)于一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句。如果在邏輯
上句中的主語與分詞有主謂關(guān)系，用-ing分詞，有動賓關(guān)系則用-ed分詞。
例如:Being so poor in those days, they couldn't send the boy to school.(原因)
Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. (原因)
Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. (時間)
Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. (時間)
3．-ing分詞有時可作結(jié)果狀語。
例如：Her husband died in the war, leaving her a widow with three children.
We got up very early, arriving at the hospital ahead of time.
4．-ed分詞有時用作條件狀語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。
例如：Given more time, we could have done it much better.
5．如果不定式或分詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生，該不定式或分詞用完成式。
例如：I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
Having never/Not having met the man before, I couldn't recognize him at first.
Having finished my homework, I went to play football.
【知識過關(guān)】
1. She set out soon after dark _______ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
2. "Can't you read?" Mary said _______ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
3. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
4. She is upstairs _______ letters.
A. writes B. is writing C. write D. writing
5. The secretary worked late into the night, _______ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
正確答案：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B