科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 unit7.doc
標(biāo)題 Book One
章節(jié) 第七單元
關(guān)鍵詞 內(nèi)容
一、掌握本單元出現(xiàn)的單詞和詞組：
shake, forever, plate, while, movement, earthquake, gap, scientist, sound like, cut off, stay up, fall off, for a while, as many as等等。
二、學(xué)會(huì)本單元出現(xiàn)的日常交際用語(yǔ)：
Were you in…at the time of…? Sure I was, I’ll never forget that.
What was it like? Very strange. It sounded like… What happened next?
三、知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析：
1．What does “quake” mean, as in the word “earthquake”? 像earthquake這個(gè)詞中的quake是什么意思？as in the word “earthquake” 是一個(gè)省略結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于as it (quake) is in the word “earthquake”, as在此句中是連詞，作“如”，“像”解。as可以作連詞，介詞，和關(guān)系代詞，現(xiàn)將as的用法小結(jié)如下：
1）作連詞，作“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”，“一邊…一邊”解，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 當(dāng)他下公共汽車的時(shí)候，我看見他了。
As he grew older, he became less active. 當(dāng)他長(zhǎng)大一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)候，他變得不活潑了。
He looked from behind from time to time as he ran. 他一邊跑，一邊時(shí)不時(shí)的回頭看看。
2）作連詞，作“由于”，“因?yàn)椤苯�，引�?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。意思與becanse相近，但因果關(guān)系上不如because強(qiáng)烈。多用于句首，相當(dāng)于since; seeing that, 例如：
As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.
由于他沒有及時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好，我們就去了，沒有等他。
As you were not there I left a message. 因?yàn)槟悴辉谀抢�，我留了個(gè)信兒。
As she has been ill perhaps she’ll need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些幫助。
3）作連詞，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，或比較狀語(yǔ)從句，作“如”，“像”解，例如：
Please do as I’ve told you to. 請(qǐng)按照我告訴你的那樣去做。（方式狀語(yǔ)從句）
Leave it as it is. 讓它保持原狀，不要?jiǎng)铀�。（方式狀語(yǔ)從句）
He isn’t as old as he looks. 他不像看上去的那樣老。（比較狀語(yǔ)從句）
This box is not so big as you think it is. 這個(gè)盒子并沒有你想的那么大。（比較狀語(yǔ)從句）
4）作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。作“雖然”，“盡管”解。相當(dāng)于although。例如：
Young as he is = ( Although he is young ), he already knows what career he wants to follow.
他雖然歲數(shù)還小，但對(duì)要從事的職業(yè)已胸有成竹了。
Tired as he was = ( Although he was tired ), he still went on working.
他雖然很累了，但他仍繼續(xù)工作。
Much as I like you = ( Although I like you very much ), I will not marry you.
我雖然很喜歡你，但我不愿同你結(jié)婚。
5）作介詞，意思是“如”，“像”，“作為”等，例如：
They got united as one man. 他們團(tuán)結(jié)得像一個(gè)人一樣。
I regard him as my best friend. 我把他看作是我最好的朋友。
Why is he dressed as ( like ) a woman? 他為什么打扮得像一個(gè)女人？
English is spoken as the first language by most people in Australia.
在澳大利亞，大多數(shù)人把英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言。
6）作關(guān)系代語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作“正像…一樣”解，指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)內(nèi)容。例如：
Taiwan is a part of China, as is known to all. 人所共知，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)的一部分。
As we all know, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
正如我們所知道的那樣，海洋覆蓋地球70%以上。
2．In an earthquake, the earth shakes. And so do you, if you are afraid, and if the earthquake is a big
one. 在地震時(shí)，地球顫動(dòng)。如果你害怕，并且是大地震，你也會(huì)顫動(dòng)。
And so do you. = And you also shake. 句中so作“也是如此”解。用來表示某人也有前面所說的情況。do代替前面的動(dòng)詞shake，這樣可以避免不必要的重復(fù)。例如：
“I like playing football.”──“so do I.” “我喜歡踢足球�！暴ぉぁ拔乙蚕矚g（踢足球）”
If you can do this work, so do I. ( = I can also do this work.)
如果你能做這個(gè)工作，我也能做（這個(gè)工作）。
注：在 “…and if the earthquake is a big one.” 中的and if之間，可以看作是省略了so do you
這個(gè)主句，意即: “You also shake if the earthquake is a big one.”
3．It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
那聲音聽起來就像我的房子底下有一列火車開過似的。
sound在句中是用作連系動(dòng)詞，作“聽起來”解，后面的介詞短語(yǔ)“l(fā)ike a train”用作表語(yǔ)。sound后面形容詞，名詞（代詞）或介語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)。例如：
Your explanation sounds reasonable. 你的解釋聽起來很有道理。
How sweet the music sounds! 這音樂聽起來多么悅耳！
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法聽起來不錯(cuò)。
Her words sound like a poem. 她的話聽起來像一首詩(shī)一樣。
4．I was in the kitchen cooking something and I felt the floor move.
我正在廚房做著飯，覺得地板在移動(dòng)。
feel在此句中是及物動(dòng)詞，作“感到”解，后跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（feel sth do/doing sth）。例如：
We felt the house shake/shaking. 我們感到房子在搖動(dòng)。
I felt my heart beating fast. 我感到心臟在劇烈地跳動(dòng)。
He felt himself getting younger and younger. 他感到自己越活越年輕。
She felt something touch her left foot. 她感到有東西碰了她的左腳。
5．And then I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor.
然后我看到桌子上所有的玻璃杯都掉到地板上了。
1）that were on the table是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞glasses，因先行詞前有all修飾，所以關(guān)系代詞通常用that，而不用which。
注意在定詞從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)，以下三種情況通常只用that，而不用which：
①先行詞為everything, all , nothing, anything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)；
②先行詞被all, no, any, little, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)；
③先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，the only, the very, the same, the last所修飾時(shí)；例如：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 看什么事需要我?guī)湍阕鰡幔?/p>
I told her all (that) I had done. 我告訴了她我所做的一切。
This is the very book (that) I’ve been looking for for years.
這正是我多年來一直在尋找著的那本書。
The smallest living things that can be seen under a microscope are becteria.
能夠在顯微鏡下看到的最小的生物是細(xì)菌。
2）注意句中的“watch all the glasses…fall off…”的結(jié)構(gòu)，watch是及物動(dòng)詞，后跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（watch sth do/doing sth）。類似的詞組還有，see sth do/doing sth, hear sth do/doing sth, feel sth do/doing sth等。
3）注意句中“…onto the floor”與“on the floor”的區(qū)別。前者意思是“到地板上”，而
后者意思是“在地板上”。例如：
He jumped off the boat onto the riverbank. 他從船上跳到了河岸上。
He jumped off the bank onto the boat. 他從岸上跳到了船上。
The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall onto the floor.
房子晃動(dòng)了，有幾張圖片從墻上掉到了地板上。
6．At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th , 1906, … 1906年4月18日早上5點(diǎn)13分…
1）注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在表達(dá)時(shí)間上的不同之處，漢語(yǔ)是由大到小（年、月、日、時(shí)），英語(yǔ)則正好相反。
2）在早上/下午/晚上，用in the morning/afternoon/evening. 但是具體指某一天的早上/下午/晚上，就用介詞on，而不用in。例如：
on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上
on a winter morning在一個(gè)冬天的早晨
on the afternoon of June 4th 在6月4日下午
7．The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000. 無家可歸的人數(shù)多達(dá)25萬(wàn)人。
as many as意思是“和…一樣多”，可譯作“多達(dá)…”，“…之多”。例如：
The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings. 那場(chǎng)大火燒毀的建筑物達(dá)20棟之多。
As many as 15,000 people have left their homeland. 離開故土的人多達(dá)15000人。
類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有as long as, as high as , as tall as, as wide as等。例如：
This kind of fish can grow as long as 15 feet. 這種魚可以長(zhǎng)到15英尺長(zhǎng)。
He can jump as high as 1.8 metres. 他跳高可以跳到1.8米。
8．A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.
一條像橋一樣建在另一條路上方的寬闊而車輛川流不息的馬路坍塌到了下面的路上。
one是代詞，在句中代替road，指橋下的那條路。如果是代替復(fù)數(shù)介數(shù)名詞，則應(yīng)用ones。它常用來代替上文提到的某個(gè)名詞，以避免重復(fù)。例如：
I don’t like this hat. Please show me another one.
我不喜歡這頂帽子，請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一頂看看。（one代替hat）
Which pen is yours, this one, that one or the one on the table?
哪支鋼筆是你的，這支，那支，還是桌上的那支？（one代替pen）
Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.
很多人被壓死在自己的汽車?yán)�，但也有少�?shù)幸運(yùn)的人沒有受傷。（ones代替people）
The question that he asked at the meeting was an easy one.
他在會(huì)上提的那個(gè)問題，是一個(gè)很容易回答的問題。（one代替question）
9．The Pacific plate is moving very slowly－at 5.3 centimetres a year.
太平洋板塊移動(dòng)得很慢--每年才移動(dòng)5.3公分。
1）句中的介詞at表示“速度”，“速率”，作“以…速度”解，相當(dāng)于介詞短語(yǔ)at the speed/rate of… 例如：
The train travels at (the speed/rate of ) 50 miles an hour. 火車以每小時(shí)50英里的速度行駛。
If you walk at (the rate/speed of ) 3 miles an hour, it will take you a whole day to get there.
如果你以每小時(shí)3英里的速度行走，你將要花一整天的時(shí)間才能趕到那里。
2）5.3讀作“five point three”；28.9讀作“twenty--eight point nine”；76.24讀作
“seventy--six point two four”。
10．As a result of the movement of these plates. 由于這些板塊的移動(dòng)。
as a result of…= because of… 作“由于…的結(jié)果”解，例如：
He was late as a result of the snow. 由于下雪，他遲到了。
The flight was delayed as a result of fog. 因有霧該航班誤點(diǎn)了。
As a result of falling off his bike, he was slightly hurt. 由于從自行車下掉下來，他受了點(diǎn)輕傷。
11．First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together. 首先，沿著兩個(gè)板塊相接的地帶建房是不可取的。
1）句中“where two of the earth’s plates join together”是定詞從句，關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定詞從句，修飾先行詞lines。where在定詞從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：
Do you know the house where they used to live? 你知道他們過去住過的那棟房子嗎？
This is the factory where my father worked ten years ago. 這就是我父親十年前工作過的那家工廠。
2）句中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后邊的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)“to build houses…”。例如：
It is better to build houses on rock not on sand. 最好把房屋建在巖石上，而不要建在沙地上。
It is very important for us to study English well. 對(duì)我們來說學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。
It is a good habit to get up early in the morning. 早晨早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
12．Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
不結(jié)實(shí)的建筑物在地震中會(huì)倒塌，而結(jié)實(shí)的建筑物則可能安然無事。
stay up (not go to bed; remain in a position where put, built, etc; not fall or sink or be removed )
作“不去睡”，“處于原位不動(dòng)”，“不倒”，“不被移動(dòng)”解。例如：
She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV programme.
她答應(yīng)孩子們可以晚點(diǎn)兒睡，看他們最喜愛的電視節(jié)目。
Tell the servant to stay up until I get home. 告訴傭人等我回來再睡。
Don’t stay up late at night next time. 下次不要再晚上熬夜了。
The pine trees still stayed up after the storm. 那些松樹暴雨過后仍然挺立。
The picture only stayed up a few hours, before it was stolen.
那張畫帖上去沒幾個(gè)小時(shí)就被人偷走了。
I’m surprised some of the cheap houses stay up at all after the earthquake.
那些質(zhì)量差的房子地震后仍然沒有倒塌，我感到很驚奇。
13．Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. 科學(xué)家們擔(dān)心，有一天舊金山一帶還會(huì)發(fā)生更大的地震。
1）one day可以表示（過去）某一天，也可表示（將來）某一天。指幾天前的一天也可以用the other day。指將來有一天也可以用some day。例如：
One day, I was about to do some shopping when he telephoned me.
一天，我正要去買東西，他打電話找我。
I hope I will be able to go to Beijing to see him one day.
我希望總有一天我會(huì)去北京見他的。
2）hit是及物動(dòng)詞，作“打”，“撞”，“襲擊”解，例如：
She hit him on the head with a book. 她用一本書打他的頭。
I was hit by a falling stone. 我被一塊落下的石塊擊中了。
Another snowstorm hit North America. 又一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪襲擊了北美。
Television has hit the cinema industry very hard. 電視的出現(xiàn)沉重地打擊了電影業(yè)。
14．The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.
舊金山市區(qū)和郊區(qū)的人口現(xiàn)在已比1906年的人口多10倍。（是1906年人口的11倍）
句中的times作“倍數(shù)”解，如表示甲比乙大（高，長(zhǎng)，寬等）幾倍，應(yīng)在倍數(shù)表達(dá)形式的后邊加比較級(jí)形式。如表示甲是乙的幾倍大（高，長(zhǎng)，寬等）時(shí)，應(yīng)在倍數(shù)表達(dá)
形式的后邊加同級(jí)比較形式。試比較：
Line AB is three times longer that CD. AB線段比CD線段長(zhǎng)3倍。
Line AB is four times as long as CD. AB線段是CD線段的4倍長(zhǎng)。
Your school is twice larger than ours. 你們學(xué)校比我們學(xué)校大2倍。
Your school is three times as large as ours. 你們學(xué)校是我們學(xué)校的3倍大。
The train runs at least 6 times as fast as the boat. 火車的速度至少是小船速度的6倍。
The train runs at least 5 times faster than the boat. 火車的速度至少比小船快5倍。
They produced 40% more cotton last year than they did in 1997.
去年他們的棉花產(chǎn)量比1997年的產(chǎn)量增加了百分之四十。