科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高二
文件 high2 unit2.doc
標(biāo)題 Mainly Revision
章節(jié) 第二單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一 、【教學(xué)目的和要求】:
1. 單詞和詞組:
go ahead L.5 四會(huì)
smoker burn down packet remain L.6
public give up
be used to hardly L.7
club L.8
non-smoking cigarette typewriter tape-recording L.5 三會(huì)
tobacco nation habit reduce compare L.6
compared to therefore
dislike smelly share non-smoker get into the habit of L.7
comparewwith L.8
Hank permission L.5 二會(huì)t
male ban L.6
drug cancer nicotine L.7
2. 日常交際用語(yǔ)
Do you mind if I do…? I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed.
Would you mind if I did…? No. Go ahead.
I wonder if I could use your phone. Sure. Go ahead.
May/Can/Could I do…?
3. 復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從名作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的用法。
二 、【重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)】:
L.5
1. Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽煙你介意嗎?
Would you mind if I smoked in the office next door? 我到隔壁辦公室抽煙你介意嗎?
在這二個(gè)句子中,mind作“介意”,“反對(duì)”解,這時(shí),以上二個(gè)句子可直譯為“如果我抽煙,你反對(duì)嗎?”,“如果我到隔壁辦公室抽煙,你反對(duì)嗎?”
Would / Do you mind…? 是提出請(qǐng)求的表達(dá)方式,后面一般直接跟動(dòng)詞的~ing形式或跟if從句。在回答時(shí),如果不反對(duì),也就是表示愿意時(shí),可用Certainly not,(或Certainly),No go ahead. Not at all. I don’t/won’tt。但是表示反對(duì)或不愿意時(shí),顯得不太客氣,因此一般說(shuō)I afraid you can’t. I’d rather you didn’t或者用you’d better not.等表示較委婉的語(yǔ)氣。
例如:Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 如果你不介意的話(huà),我問(wèn)你幾個(gè)問(wèn)題可以嗎?
Certainly not, Go ahead. 當(dāng)然可以,請(qǐng)問(wèn)吧。
Would you mind if I sat here? 我坐在這兒你介意嗎?
I afraid you can’t. 恐怕不能。
另外需要注意的是在Would you mind if I sat here?句中,如果前面用了would ,if從句中通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí),但它不表示過(guò)去,而是表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的禮貌與委婉的語(yǔ)氣。
在Do/would you mind …?這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,除了后面用if從句外,還可以用動(dòng)詞的~ing形式。這時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事,動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者仍是主語(yǔ)you,因此也不用if從句。但是mind后面的動(dòng)作不是主語(yǔ)you的動(dòng)作時(shí),用動(dòng)詞~ing時(shí),前面須有人稱(chēng)代詞賓格或物主代詞,這一人稱(chēng)代詞賓格或物主代詞便是動(dòng)詞~ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ),也就是動(dòng)詞~ing形式的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。例如:
Would you mind opening the windows? 請(qǐng)您把窗子打開(kāi)好嗎?
Would you mind my opening the windows? (or, Would you mind if I opened the
Windows?) 我打開(kāi)窗子您不反對(duì)吧?
這類(lèi)問(wèn)句的回答同前所述。
2.I wonder if I could use your phone. 我能不能用一下你的電話(huà)?
Sure. Go ahead. 好的,你用吧。
a. I wonder if I could /can…是請(qǐng)求允許的交際用語(yǔ),表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許自己干某
事的意思。句用的wonder是動(dòng)詞,作想“想知道”解,后面可以跟if/wheather 從句。另外句中的could 比can在語(yǔ)氣上更委婉一些。在回答這一請(qǐng)求時(shí),表示肯定時(shí)多用:
Sure, go ahead. 好的,請(qǐng)吧。
Yes, please do. / Of course /Sure. 當(dāng)然可以。
如果作否定回答,則用:
I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行吧。
I sorry, but…對(duì)不起,…
you’d better not. 最好不。
b. 句中的go ahead 直譯為“往前走” ,“先走” ,“走在前面” 。但在這里用于
引伸意義,表示鼓勵(lì)對(duì)方做某事,作“請(qǐng)吧” 、“說(shuō)下去”、“請(qǐng)盡管用”解,常見(jiàn)于日常對(duì)話(huà)中。
例如:Can I have a look at your new dictionary?
Sure, Go ahead.
“我可以看一下你的新詞典嗎”?“可以,看吧”
L.6
1. Every year, millions of smokers die because of illness which are caused by
smoking tobacco.每年有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人因吸煙而引起病死亡。
句中的die because of …也可以說(shuō)die of …,作“因……而死亡”解。die of常指由于疾病,饑餓,寒冷,年老等而死亡,同時(shí)也表示死于憂(yōu)愁、失戀等情感因素。例如:
The man died of lung cancer.哪個(gè)人死于肺癌。
The beggar died of cold and hunger.這個(gè)乞丐由于寒冷和饑餓而死亡。
The poor man died of sorrow.可憐的窮人因憂(yōu)愁而死亡。
另外,指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡一般用die from來(lái)表示,課文中出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似的句子有:
This is because each year millions of smokers die from the habit.這是因?yàn)槊?/p>
年有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的煙民因吸煙而死亡。
The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.每四個(gè)煙民中就
有一人可能因吸煙而死亡。
The problem is that 300 people are dying each day from illness caused by smoking.
問(wèn)題在于每天都有300人死于因吸煙而引起的疾病。
但有時(shí)die from也可以用來(lái)指由于疾病的原因而造成的死亡。
例如:He died of /from lung cancer. 他死于肺癌。
2.Finst, money is spent looking after people with illnesses which have been caused by smoking.
第一,政府要花錢(qián)來(lái)照顧因吸煙而患病的人.
a. 表示“花錢(qián)/時(shí)間干某事”可能性用句型“sb spends time/money doing sth”。在此句中,用的是這一句型的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Every morning he spends half an hour reading English.他每天早晨用半小時(shí)讀英語(yǔ)。
He spent a lot of money mending his old car.他花了很多錢(qián)修他那輛舊車(chē)。
b. 句中的cause為動(dòng)詞,表示“導(dǎo)致”、“引起”,作及物動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)可接直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。例如:
Somoking can cause lung cancer.吸煙可致肺癌。
He caused his parents much unhappiness.他惹得他父母很不愉快。
She’s always causing trouble for people.她總是給人添麻煩。
cause也可以作為名詞,作“原因”、“理由”、“事業(yè)”解。例如:
What was the cause of the accident?這場(chǎng)事故的原因是什么?
She is never absent from work without good cause .她決不無(wú)故缺勤。
His life was devoted to the cause of justice .他為正義事業(yè)而獻(xiàn)身。
3. The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down.鋪蓋著火了,整個(gè)房子都可能燒掉。
a. catch fire作“著火”、“起火”解,有動(dòng)態(tài)的含義,(尤指意外地?zé)。?/p>
The house caught fire while we were away. 當(dāng)我們外出時(shí),房子著火了。
The girl was standing too close to the fire and her dress caught fire. 那小姑娘站得離火太
近了,衣服燒著了。
除此之外,還有短語(yǔ)be on fire, set …on fire表示“燒著”、“著火”的意思,但be on
fire有靜態(tài)的含義,而set …on fire是“使……著火”、“放火燒……”的意思。例
如: Look, the house is on fire. 瞧,房子著火了!
The police caught the man who set the house on fire.警察抓住了放火燒那房子的人。
b. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)burn down 作“燒毀”、“燒掉”解,主語(yǔ)一般是表示事物的名詞。例如:
The house burnt down in half an hour. 那所房子在半小時(shí)之內(nèi)就被焚為平地。
Don’t leave the gas on, or you might burn the house down. 別忘了關(guān)煤氣,不然會(huì)把房子燒掉的。
4. China produces one third of the world’s agarettes. 中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的香煙占全世界香煙的三分之一。
請(qǐng)注意英語(yǔ)中分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:
除二分之一( )和四分之一( )分別由a(one)half和 a(one) quarter表示外,分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成通常是分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。如果分子大于1,則分母用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: (two thirds), (three quarters), (one half) (two sixths), (four fifths)
5 .Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking agatettes.
每年煙草公司要設(shè)法使一些不吸煙的人開(kāi)始吸煙。
句中的persuade是“勸說(shuō)”、“說(shuō)服”的意思,常用于persuade sb to do sth句型中,
意為“說(shuō)服某人干某事”與其相同意思的結(jié)構(gòu)有persuade sb into doing sth .這時(shí)表達(dá)的
意思是“某人已被說(shuō)服干某事”;如果要想表達(dá)“說(shuō)服某人干某事”這種愿望時(shí),而
某人未被說(shuō)服,則多用try to persuade..例如:
The salesman persuaded us to buy his product.售貨員勸說(shuō)我們購(gòu)買(mǎi)他的產(chǎn)品(我們買(mǎi)了。)
Who persuaded you to join this society?誰(shuí)勸你加入的個(gè)團(tuán)體?(他已加入了)
How can we persuade him into joining us?怎么才能說(shuō)服他參加我們的活動(dòng)呢?
The parents tried to persuade their daughter to change her mind, but they failed to .你父母試 圖勸說(shuō)他的女兒改變主意,但未勸說(shuō)成功。
6.The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. 每四個(gè)煙民中就有一個(gè)可能因吸煙而死亡。
在句中chance 作“可能性”解,既可作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
The chances are a hundred to one that he will win. 他只有百分之一贏的可能性。
Is there any chance of getting tickets for the perfornance ? 有可能得到這場(chǎng)演出的票嗎?
Chance作可數(shù)名詞用時(shí),作“機(jī)會(huì)”解。例如:
you won’t get another chance of going there. 你沒(méi)有再到那里去的機(jī)會(huì)了。
Please give me a chance to explain. 請(qǐng)給我個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)讓我解釋一下。
但chance作“偶然性”、“運(yùn)氣”解時(shí),則為不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
Chance plays a big part in many board games.在許多棋類(lèi)游戲中,大多靠碰運(yùn)氣取勝。
It was chance that we met in Shanghai. 我們?cè)谏虾O嘤鰧偾珊稀?/p>
chance還可作動(dòng)詞用,作“偶然發(fā)生”、“碰巧”解,這時(shí)用法上相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞happen,
句型為chance to do …和It chanced that …。例如:
She chanced to be in when I called.
我打電話(huà)時(shí)碰巧她在家。
It chanced that she was in when I called.
7. In Britain, sales of agarettes have been reduced by 30% in the late ten years . 過(guò)去十年來(lái),英國(guó)的香煙銷(xiāo)售量下降了30%。
句中的reduce為動(dòng)詞,作“縮減(體積、數(shù)量、程度、價(jià)格)”、“減小”、“減少”“降低”解。常與介詞by或to連用,表示“減少了……”,“減少到……”。例如:
The number of the students in each class should be reduced to 40.每個(gè)班的學(xué)生人數(shù)應(yīng)減到
40人。
He reduced his weight from eighty to seventy kilos.他把體重從80公斤減少到70公斤。
He reduced his weight by 10 kilos. 他體重減少了10公斤。
Their wages have been reduced by 20%.他們的工資減少了2%。
reduce的反義詞是increase(增加),與by連用時(shí),表示增加的程度;與 to連用時(shí),
表示“增到……”例如:
The wages of the workers have been increased by 30%. 工人的工資增加了30%。
The population of the country has increased from 1.2million 10 years ago to 1.8million mow .
那國(guó)家的人口從10年前120萬(wàn)已增加到現(xiàn)在的180萬(wàn)。
8. In the 16-19 age group, 32% of women smoke, compared to 28% of men. 在16-19歲這個(gè)年齡組里,有32%的婦女吸煙,而吸煙的男子為28%。
句中的compare to /with是一個(gè)固定的短語(yǔ),作“……和……比起來(lái)”、“與……相比”
解,compare with是具體的比較,而compare to是抽象譬喻,意思是“把……比作”,
或“說(shuō)……像”。例如:
Compared to many children, she was indeed very fortunate.和許多孩子比起來(lái)。她確實(shí)是
很運(yùn)氣的。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亞把人世比作舞臺(tái)。
It was a small place then compared to/with what it is now.和現(xiàn)在比起來(lái),那時(shí)它還是個(gè)小
地方。
Sugar production rose 30% compared to the first three months of this year. 和今年頭二個(gè)月
相比,糖產(chǎn)量提高了30%。
compared to/with常在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示,“與……比起來(lái)”,這時(shí)它是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),位于句首或句尾均可。
9. Therefore , if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking.因此,如果煙草公司要繼續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)下去,就必須鼓勵(lì)更多的年輕人吸煙。
a. 句中的remain是連系動(dòng)詞,意思是“(繼續(xù))保持”,“仍處于(某種狀態(tài))”,后面的表語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或過(guò)去分詞。例如:
He remained silent. 他保持沉默。
In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best of friends.盡管他們吵過(guò)架,卻仍不失為最
好的朋友。
The aircraft remained on the ground..那架飛機(jī)仍停在地面。
The door remained closed.這門(mén)仍然關(guān)著呢!
有時(shí)remain后面也跟現(xiàn)在分詞。例如:
They remained listening.他們?cè)诶^續(xù)聽(tīng)著。
b. 句中的encourage為動(dòng)詞,作“鼓勵(lì)”解,常用于encourage sb to do意為“鼓勵(lì)某人 做某事”。例如:
Our teacher encourages us to speak English.我們的老師鼓勵(lì)我們講英語(yǔ)。
The parents encourage their children to make greater progress.父母親鼓勵(lì)他的孩取得更大的進(jìn)步。
L.7
1. Ln Britain 70% of smokers say that they would like to stop smoking ,and of these smokers,83% have tried more than once to give it up .在英國(guó),有70%的煙民說(shuō),他們?cè)敢饨錈,而且在這些煙民中有83%的人不止一次地試著戒過(guò)煙。
a. 句中的would like作“愿意”、“希望”解,后接不定式,表示“希望”、“愿意干某事”。
例如:
I would like to know something about the danger of smoking.我想要了解一些關(guān)于吸煙的危
害性。
Mr Smith would like to hear your opinions. 史密斯先生希望聽(tīng)聽(tīng)您的意見(jiàn)。
b. stop doing sth為短語(yǔ),作“停業(yè)做某事”解,例如:
The baby stopped crying when she saw her mother.當(dāng)小孩看見(jiàn)她媽媽時(shí)就不哭了。
The students stopped talking when the teacher entered the classroom當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)了教室之后,學(xué)生們停止了談話(huà)。
注意與stop to do sth的區(qū)別。這一短語(yǔ)是“停止一事,去干另一事”的意思。例如:
They stopped to have a