Reading 預(yù)習(xí)案
Task one Choose the best answers
1. Dolly the sheep __________
A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg.
B. was the exactly copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus.
C. look like the sheep that gave birth to it.
D. had the characteristics of all the three sheep.
2. How many female sheep are involved in the cloning? ___________
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. One.
3. In the second paragraph, the word “straightforward” means ____.
A. uncomplicated B. honest C. frank D. difficult
4. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?
A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes.
B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.
C. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.
D. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.
5. Which of the follow is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?
A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.
B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.
C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings.
D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.
6. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably live_____ years.
A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 13
7. What is the writing style?
A. Expositive. B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative.
8. The writer’s reaction towards cloning is____
A. Positive B. Negative C. neutral /Objective
Task two Find the phrases in the text and remember them
1.從---受益(P10下) __________________ 2.問題出現(xiàn)(P10下) __________________
3.與…完全相同_________________
4. 從生長著的植物上剪下枝條來______________________________________________________________________
5. 在性別和相貌上完全相同_____________________________________________
6. 自然克隆現(xiàn)象______________________ 思考： 人造克隆__________________
7. 兩大用途___________________________________________________________
8. 用來生產(chǎn)大量的供商用的植物_________________________________________
9. 科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報___________________________________
10. 從…中取出（2個 圖下小字）________________ ________________
11.關(guān)注著首例成功的克隆動物的進展_____________________________________________________________________
12. 令人煩擾的消息_____________________13. 使沮喪_____________________
14. 適合于---的；適當(dāng)?shù)腳_______________________________________________
15. 一方面….另一方面….. ______________________ ________________________
16. 引起了一陣強烈反對________________________________________________
17. 對媒體產(chǎn)生巨大的影響______________________________________________
18. 打開人們對…的眼界________________________________________________
Task three Fill in the blanks
Cloning is a way of making an_________ copy of another animal or plant. It can be used to clone plants and ___________. Cloning plants is _____________ while cloning animals is very _____________. However, the determination and patience of the scientists ________ _______with the birth of Dolly. But then came the _____________news that Dolly had become seriously ill. The fact ________ Dolly lived six, half the length of the life _________ __________ the cloning scientists. Dolly’s appearance _______ a storm of objections and had a great __________on the media and the public imagination. Scientists still wonder ____________cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
Reading 課內(nèi)探究案
【自主學(xué)習(xí)】
I. What is the main idea of the passage?
The passage tells us that____________ cloning raised ______________and scientists are not sure about its_____________.
III. Fast reading: True or false.
1. Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant. ( )
2. Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants. ( )
3. Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants. ( )
4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal. ( )
5. Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants. ( )
IV. Number the main ideas of the paragraphs.
___.Cloning has two major uses and successful clone.
___.Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant(definition)
___. The effect of Dolly.
___. It is forbidden to clone human beings.
___.The problems of Dolly.
【合作探究】
Step one Find answers to the following questions
1. Read para1 and answer the following questions.
1) What is cloning?
2) How cloning happens in plants?
3) What about in animals?
2. Read para2 and answer the following questions.
1) What are the two major uses of cloning?
2) Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?
3. Read the procedure of cloning Dolly the sheep and translate it into Chinese.
4. Read para3 and 4 and finish the following table.
Way of birth
Life span
Cause of death
Reflections on Dolly
5. Read para5 and describe different attitudes towards human cloning..
Step two Discussion
Read the whole passage again and fill in the following chart.
Problems or dangers of cloning Advantages of cloning
Step three Translation
1. Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.
2. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
3. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
4. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.
5. The questions that concerned all scientists were: “Would this be a major difficulty for the cloned animals? ……”
6. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
7. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
8. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.
【精講點撥】
1. It is a difficult task to undertake. 譯文：__________________________________________
句中it 是形式主語嗎？_________ 它具體指代什么？__________________________
劃線部分做什么成分？______________________
2. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 譯文： _____________________________________________________________________ 本句是部分倒裝還是全部倒裝？_____ 什么規(guī)則讓它倒裝？____________________________
that 引導(dǎo)________ 從句，可以省略嗎？________
3. Could it be solved if corrections were made on their research procedure?譯文： _____________________________________________________________________
4. Find a sentence to replace the following one:
Suddenly human beings realized that they may cure serious illnesses or clone themselves by means of cloning.
_____________________________________________________________________
【課后延伸】Improve your writing ability:
寫作情景：今天我們班同學(xué)討論了有關(guān)克隆的問題。同學(xué)們熱烈發(fā)表了評論和表達了自己的看法；他們主要有兩種不同的意見：
寫作內(nèi)容：
支持者認(rèn)為克隆利大于弊，克隆技術(shù)是21世紀(jì)人類科學(xué)的偉大突破。人類可以利用克隆技術(shù)培養(yǎng)大量品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的動植物；挽救珍奇瀕危動物；調(diào)節(jié)大自然的生態(tài)平衡；可以研制高水平新藥解決人類各種疾病等。
反對者認(rèn)為克隆會導(dǎo)致動物早衰、夭折；無計劃的克隆動物會破壞生態(tài)平衡，導(dǎo)致一些疾病的傳播;邪惡分子可能克隆自己，給人類帶來災(zāi)難等。
同學(xué)們利用你課本中所接觸的詞匯和句式，學(xué)習(xí)正常的英式表達，讓自己體會一下英語寫作帶來的成功。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Words and expressions
【課內(nèi)探究案】
Step one Words
1. differ V 不同，相異
In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ.（課文原句）
1） Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak .
2） The two lawyers differed about how to present the case .
歸納：
1) differ from… ____________(漢語)
2) differ in … _____________
3) differ with sb about/on sth .____________
即時應(yīng)用：
Leaves are found on all kinds of trees ,but they differ greatly _______size and shape.
A. on B . from C .by D. in
用介詞 from, with, on, about, upon 或 in 填空。
1) We differ _________ him _________ that question.
2) The two nations differ _____________culture and religion.
3) The climate here differ ___________ that of the South.
2.undertake v.著手 ；從事
The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course.（課文原句）
1) I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.
我愿意承接這項變革的責(zé)任。
2) He undertook to be our guide .
歸納：
undertake sth 承擔(dān)某事
undertake to do sth 許諾做某事/ 同意做某事
undertake that …保證…
undertaking ( n ) 用單數(shù)/任務(wù)/事業(yè)/保證
即時應(yīng)用：完成下列句子。
(1) He will ___________________ next month (去旅行).
(2) He ________________________________ (承擔(dān)了一項新任務(wù)).
3.forbid vt.禁止，不準(zhǔn)，不許
Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning.各國政府恐慌不安, 有許多政府命令禁止克隆人類的研究。（課文原句）
1） Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共場所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。
2）Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.因篇幅所限，此處不便對本題作進一不步闡述。
3）Her father forbids her wine. = Her father forbids her to drink wine.
forbid sth. / doing sth./ sb. to do sth./ sb. (from)doing sth./ sb. sth/ that…(should) do
即時練習(xí)：完成下列句子
(1) The school ___________________________________ (禁止學(xué)生吸煙).
(2) He is forbidden to _______________________________ (進入這個房間).
4.obtain vt 獲得，得到。
近義詞辨析：obtain, acquire, get, gain
obtain knowledge (result, prizes ,approval)獲得知識（結(jié)果，獎品，承認(rèn)）經(jīng)過努力獲得。get 為最常用語，gain 指需要做出比obtain 更大的努力才能獲得，還有增加重量之意。acquire 指經(jīng)過努力獲得的語言，技術(shù)等抽象的東西。
即時練習(xí)：
1） 用這種方法，你可以得到好的結(jié)果。
__________________________________
2） No pains, no __________.
Step two Phrases
1. cast down 沮喪 ，不愉快
Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
歸納拓展
be cast down = feel discouraged cast away丟棄, 拋棄, 使失事, 使漂流
cast off 放棄；丟棄, 擺脫 cast out趕走, 驅(qū)逐
即時練習(xí)：
將下列句子譯成英語
(1) 聽到這個消息他很沮喪。
________________________________________________
(2) 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。
________________________________________________
2.pay off 得到好結(jié)果，取得成功，償清
1）Two hundred workers have been paid off .
2) Lily studied hard before the exam, and it paid off, he made an A.
歸納拓展：
pay sth off 還清 pay sb back for sth 因….報復(fù)/懲罰某人 pay sb back sth 還某人某物 pay for sth 付…的錢
將下列句子譯成英語
(1) 下周我將還你的錢。 ____________________________________________
(2)___________________(他的努力沒有白費)when the girl accepted his proposal .
【檢測講義】
一、單詞拼寫
1. The brothers d_____ widely in their tastes.
2. The question is quite s_______ , while that one is much more complicated.
3. It is quite d_____ to hear the bad news.
4.The film was a _____ (商業(yè)的)success.
5.I’d like to come, too, if you have no _____(反對).
二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1.At the beginning, he was against my proposal. However, in the end, he changed his mind.
At first he hesitated about my suggestion , but he _____ ______ agreed.
2.Later they learnt that an earthquake had taken place in that area.
Then ______ _____ _____ that the area had been hit by an earthquake.
3.Although he was not strong, he joined in the work.
_____ ______ _____ weakness, he took part in the work.
4.We are still far from being able to clone extinct animals.
We are still _____ _____ _____ from being able to clone extinct animals.
5.They don’t know if the new policy is in their favor.
They _____ _____ this new policy can bring benefit to them.
三．翻譯句子
1. 人與動物的不同之處在于人能說話。（differ）
2.他為克隆承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。 （undertake）
3.作為懲罰，他被禁止克隆人類。 （forbid）
4.受到這樣的懲罰，他很沮喪。 （cast down ）
5.最后他的努力沒有白費。 （pay off ）
Using language
【課前預(yù)習(xí)案】
Step one Important words and expressions:
1. vt 打；擊__________________ 2. initial _____________________
3. vt. 抵抗：抵制_____________ 4.reasonable__________________
5. n. 缺點；不利條件___________ 6.from time to time_____________
7. vt 崇拜；愛慕______________ 8. in vain______________________
9. Phr. 狀況很好/壞____________ 10. bring back to life _____________
Step two Crazy reciting
1. From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning.
有人不時建議，像恐龍那樣已滅絕的動物可能會通過克隆使之復(fù)生。
2. All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there’s not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.
如果某個動物群體沒有足夠的多樣性以戰(zhàn)勝疾病，那么克隆這種動物的所有努力都將是無用的。
a) But in fact we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals.
但事實上，要想克隆絕種動物，我們還有很長的路程要走。
b) Unfortunately, with what we know now, this is either impossible or unsuitable.
不幸的是，據(jù)我們現(xiàn)在所知這是不可能的，也是不合適的。
自主學(xué)習(xí)
Read the text and finish the three questions:
Give reasons why it is either impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals
Reason 1:_________________________________________________________
Reason 2:_________________________________________________________
Reason 3:_________________________________________________________
合作探究
Step one Read the text, and then tell whether the following sentences are true or false.
1. Scientists are still experimenting with cloning mammals because they think it can
make money.
2.The animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can be brought
back to life through cloning.
3. If we can clone any extinct animals, we should let them live in a zoo.
Step two Analyze and translate the following sentences.
1. The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
___________________________________________________________________
2. The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
____________________________________________________________________
仿造例句：他不想上大學(xué)的原因是如果他上學(xué)去了，將沒人照顧他生病的媽媽。
The reason ______________________________________is __________________, no one can look after his sick mother.
3. Based on what we know now, you cannot done animals that have been extinct longer than 10, 000 years.
_____________________________________________________________________ 精講點撥
Words and phrases
1． strike vt, vi (struck. struck) 打；撞擊
課文原句：The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
（1） The clock has just struck three. ____________
（2） They struck for better working conditions._____________
（3） The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera._______________
（4） An awful thought has just struck me.
（5） Struck by her beauty, I fell in love with her at the first sight._____________
（6） Strike a match____________
（7） Strike while the iron is hot. __________________________________
2.resist vt 對抗；抵制
課文原句：The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children.
pass on…to…________________resist v ___________
resist sth. __________________resist doing sth. ___________________
can’t resist doing sth. _____________________
3. in vain 白費力氣；枉費心機
課文原句：All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.
In vain did they try to persuade her to go
歸納:____________________________________
有效訓(xùn)練.
1. 他體重超重，健康狀況不佳。
He is overweight and ________________________.
2. 我們所有的努力都付諸東流。
_________________________________________________________________
3. 我突然想到我們?nèi)绾文芨纳凭置媪恕?/p>
___________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 Book 8 Cloning
Reading 預(yù)習(xí)案
Task one 1-8 BBACDDAC
Task two 1. benefit from 2. problems arise 3. an exact copy of 4. take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones 5. identical in sex and appearance 6. natural clones man-made clones 7. two major uses 8. use it to produce commercial quantities of plants 9. at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off 10. remove … from take … out of 11. follow the progress of the first successful clone 12. the disturbing news 13. cast down 14. be appropriate to 15.on the one hand … on the other hand 16. raise a storm of objections 17. have a great impact on the media 18. open everybody’s eyes
Task three exact; animals; straightforward; complicated; paid off; disturbing; that; cast down; raised; impact; whether
Reading 課內(nèi)探究案
【自主學(xué)習(xí)】
I. animal; arguments; future
II. FTFTT
III. 2. 1. 4. 5. 3
【合作探究】
Step one
1. 1）Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.
2) It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.
3） It happens in animals when identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
2. 1) Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.
2) Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.
4.
Way of birth Cloning
Life span Six and a half years
Cause of death Illness appropriate to a much older animal
Reflections on Dolly Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
5. Religious leaders raised normal questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. Some evil leaders hoped to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.
Step two Discussion
Problems or dangers of cloning Advantages of cloning
Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals. Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illness in humans.
Animal clones may die younger than the cloner animals. Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.
Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.
There are moral objections to cloning human beings. Cloning can help save endangered animals.
Step three Translation
1. 克隆一直與我們同在，而且它還要持續(xù)下去。
2. 當(dāng)園藝師從生長著的植物上剪下枝條來培植新植物時， 就會產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動物身上，從用一個原生卵子產(chǎn)生性別和相貌相同的雙胞胎也是克隆。
3. 但是，科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的誕生。
4. 接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。研究克隆的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上，這讓他們很沮喪。
5. 科學(xué)家們的腦海里產(chǎn)生的問題是“這是不是所有克隆動物的一個主要困難呢？這種現(xiàn)象會不會永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)生？如果改進研究程序，問題會不會解決？”
6. 另一方面，多莉羊的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強烈的反對，對媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。
7. 它突然打開了人們的眼界，看到了有可能利用克隆技術(shù)來治療重病，甚至還有可能克隆出人類。
8. 各國政府惶恐不安而且更加謹(jǐn)慎。有些政府開始改革司法制度，明令禁止進行克隆人類的研究，但是其他國家，如中國和英國，則仍然在繼續(xù)收集克隆技術(shù)有可能提供豐富的醫(yī)療救助的證據(jù)。
【精講點撥】
1. 那是一項很難完成的任務(wù)。不是，指代cloning animals，后置定語。
2. 接著傳來了多利病重的壞消息。全倒裝，當(dāng)表示方位或時間先后的副詞放句首，謂語動詞是不及物動詞時，通常使用全部倒裝。同位語，不可。
3. 如果改進克隆程序，問題能否被解決呢？
4. It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.
【課后延伸】
Today our class had a heated discussion about cloning, during which we are eager to give our own comments on its problems and express our own opinions. Generally, we have the following two major different opinions:
Some students who are for cloning think it brings more advantages than disadvantages. In their opinion, cloning is a great breakthrough in human scientific world of 21st century. Human beings can use it to produce quantities of good plans and animals, to save rare and endangered species, to keep the balance of nature and to develop new medicines for kinds of human illnesses.
While the rest oppose cloning, thinking it results in the early death of animals. They hold the opinion that cloning animals without plan can destroy the balance of nature and spread some illnesses. Some evil leaders may clone themselves by means of it and lead to a great disaster to human beings.
Words and expressions
【課內(nèi)探究案】
differ from …不同于 2.differ in …在…不同，相異 3.differ with sb about/on sth 與….在哪方面有差異
即時應(yīng)用：
1.D （1）with /about (2) in (3) from
2.undertake V 即時應(yīng)用
（1）He will undertake a journey.
(2) He undertook a new project.
3.forbid
即時應(yīng)用（1）forbids smoking (2) enter the room
4.obtain
1)By this means ,you obtain good results .
2)No pains ,no gains .
Step two Phrases
cast down
Hearing the news ,he was cast down .
He was cast down to find the truth .
pay off
1)I will pay you back next week .
2)His efforts paid off ….
【檢測講義】
一．單詞拼寫
1. differ 2.straightforward 3.disturbing 4.commerical 5. objection
二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1.at last 2.came to the news 3.Despite of his 4.a long way
5.wonder whether
三．翻譯句子
Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak .
He undertook full responsibility for cloning .
He was forbidden to clone humans as a punishment .
He was cast down because of the punishment .
At last ,his efforts paid off .
Using language
【課前預(yù)習(xí)案】
Step one 1. strike 2. 最初的；開始的3. resist 4. 合理的5. drawback 6. 不時7. adore 8. 枉費心機 9. in good/poor condition 10. 使復(fù)活
自主學(xué)習(xí)
I. 1. You need perfect DNA
2. There is not enough diversity for cloned animals to overcome new diseases.
3. It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they would have to live in a zoo.
合作探究
Step one. FFF
Step two.
1. 在《侏羅紀(jì)公園》這部影片中，有一位科學(xué)家克隆了好幾種不同的絕種恐龍。 類似這樣的電影受歡迎，證明了這一想法使人們感到既興奮又恐懼。
2. 其優(yōu)點是，如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死去，而另外一些卻能存活下來，而且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。
The reason why he doesn’t want to go to college is that if he does, no one can look after his sick mother.
3. 就我們現(xiàn)在所知，你不可能克隆那些已經(jīng)絕種了一萬年以上的動物。
精講點撥
Words and phrases
1.1)報時，敲響 2)罷工 3)（災(zāi)難，疾病等）侵襲，爆發(fā) 4)想起，想到 5）被…打動 6）劃火柴 7）趁熱打鐵
2. 傳遞; 留給
抵制；阻擋某事
resist doing sth. 反對做某事
can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事
3.in vain 放在句首，句子用部分倒裝
有效訓(xùn)練
1. is in poor condition
2. All our efforts were in vain.
3. It struck me how we could improve the situation.