科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit12.doc
標(biāo)題 Mainly Revision
章節(jié) 第十二單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語第十二單元
內(nèi)容
一、教學(xué)目的和要求
1.單詞和詞組：
the other day goldfish L.45L四會
breath hold one's breath throw at L.46
fine (vi.) dish get away fall over L.47
recent exercise (vi) L.48
tank underwater bush L.45三會
lion Green Park Zoo attack frighten pale L.46
stare stare at carry off so as to attract
keeper struggle to one's feet speed up flow L.47
exact L.48
for one thing centimetre (cm) L.45二會
Cousins L.46
Jo run out of L.47
2.日常交際用語：
復(fù)習(xí)第七至十一單元出現(xiàn)過的日常交際用語。
3.語法：
復(fù)習(xí)第七至十一單元出現(xiàn)過的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目。
二、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
L.45
1. We need to find one about 30 centimeters (cm) by 30cm by 50cm .
我們需要找一個(gè)大約30公分寬、50公分長的水箱。
句中的30cm by 30cm by 50cm是體積的表示法，其中介詞by表示"用……去乘"的意思，分別表示寬、高、長的長度。例如：
I want to buy a cage 1.5m by 1.5m by 3m.
我想買一個(gè)1.5米寬、1.5m高、3m長的籠子。
另外，句中的體積表示法也可以寫出1.5m×1.5m×3m
2. Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one .
要看好價(jià)格，然后再決定買不買。
句中的whether to buy one是疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。在此"whether"作"是否"解，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用if代替（if to buy one是錯(cuò)誤的）。例如：
We haven't decided whether to have a party .
我們還沒決定是否舉行一次聚會。
They didn't tell us when to paint the house .
他們沒告訴我們什么時(shí)候粉刷房屋。
The worker showed us how to operate the machine .
這位工人告訴我們怎樣操作這臺機(jī)器。
3. For one thing they keep the water clean . Also they make the tank look much prettier .
一則它們（水下植物）可以使水保持清潔，再則他們可以便水箱看起來漂亮些。
a)句中的for one thing意思是"首先"，"一則"，用來舉出理由，常用在For one thing…，for another…或For one thing…Also…這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，意思為"一則……，再則……"或"首先……，其次……"。例如：
I can't stay here for long . For one thing , I've no time . For another , I've no money .
我不能在此逗留太久。首先，我沒時(shí)間，其次，我沒有錢。
I think she's fit for the job . For one thing , she dances . Also she's fond of singing .
我認(rèn)為她適合這個(gè)工作。一則她會跳舞，再則她喜歡唱歌。
b)keep在句中是"使……保持"的意思，make是"使／讓……"的意思，在這二個(gè)詞的后面都跟復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）。在本句中，keep后面的復(fù)合賓語是"名詞+形容詞"（keep the water clean）；而make后的復(fù)合賓語是"名詞+不帶to的不定式"（make the tank look prettier）。例如：
Good food keeps you healthy .
好的食物能使你保持健康。
Please keep the room clean .
請保持室內(nèi)清潔。
He made his parents happy .
他使他的父母高興。（這是跟"名詞+形容詞"的復(fù)合賓語。）
They made the child cry .
他們把孩子給弄哭了。
L.46
1. The manager of the zoo said that the young lion , which was born in the zoo and is now six months old , would probably not attack people .
動(dòng)物園的經(jīng)理說，幼獅是在動(dòng)物園出生的，只有六個(gè)月，很可能不會咬人。
a)這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，其中的主句是"The manager of the zoo said"，其后跟了一個(gè)由that補(bǔ)導(dǎo)的賓語從句"that the young lion…would probably not attack people"，而在這一從句中，又插入了一個(gè)非限定性定語從句"which was born…six months old"，來修飾先行詞the young lion .
b)句中的副詞probably作"或許"，"可能"解，是most likely（很可能）的意思。所學(xué)過的類似的副詞有：possibly , maybe , perhaps。另外還有形容詞likely，也有很可能的意思。這些詞都表示可能性，但在程度上和用法上稍有不同。perhaps作"或許"解，含有"也許如此"，"也許不如此"的意味，它和possibly的意味相似，但possibly通常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can , may , must等詞連用。例如：
Perhaps it is true .／It may possibly be true .這也許是真的。
△Maybe也作"或許"解，同perhaps的意思接近，但比perhaps更為普通，它是英國英語，而maybe是美國英語。例如：
Perhaps it is true .／Maybe it is true .這或許是真的。
△probably也是"或許"、"可能"的意思，它比perhaps和possibly所表示的可能性大。例如：
They will perhaps succeed .／They may possibly succeed .
這二句語的意思是"他們或許會成功。"其中含有"不會成功"的意思較多。
但下面這個(gè)句中表達(dá)的意思則是含有"會成功"的意思較多。例如：
They will probably succeed .他們很可能會成功。
△而形容詞likely也有"很可能的意思，大體上和probable同義，但比probable更為多用。在用法上他們也是有些不同的。likely后面常跟動(dòng)詞不定式式（be likely to do sth .）；而probable之后通常不跟不定式。例如：
He is likely to come .
他很可能會來。
在這外句子中，likely不可用probable代替。但在下面的句子中，probable卻可以代替likely。例如：
It is likely that he'll come .／It is probable that he'll come .
2. Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police .
無論誰看到這頭獅子請打電話給動(dòng)物園和警察。
句中的anyone who相當(dāng)于whoever。anyone為代詞，意思是"任何人"，"無論何人"。
例如：I didn't see anyone . 我沒見到任何人。
Does anyone know the answer ? 有人知道答案嗎？
請注意區(qū)別anyone與any one。anyone是代詞，作"任何人"解；any one可起形容詞的作用，也可起代詞的作用，意思是"任何一個(gè)的"，"任何一個(gè)人（一件事）"。
另外any one后可接of短語，而anyone則不可以接of短語。例如：
I didn't ask anyone to help me with the work .
我沒有請任何人幫忙。
I didn't ask any one of them to help me with the work .
我沒有請他們中的任何一個(gè)人幫忙。
3. Mrs Cousins was making a lot of noise with the pans and did not hear anything unusual .
卡曾斯太太擺弄鍋盤的響聲很大，所以她沒聽見有什么特殊的動(dòng)靜。
句中的noise一詞的意思是"聲音"，尤指喧鬧聲，噪音。make a noise作"喧嚷"、"吵鬧"、"發(fā)出噪音"解。例如：
Don't make so much noise .／Don't make such a loud noise . The baby is sleeping .
別這么吵鬧，小嬰兒正在睡覺。
我們學(xué)過表示"聲音"的詞還有：voice和sound，表示"聲音"時(shí)，這三個(gè)詞可以通用。例如：
I heard a voice／sound／noise .
我聽到了一個(gè)聲音。
但是它們分別又各有特定的含義。
△noise作"噪音"、"嘈雜聲"、"吵鬧聲"，主要指不悅耳，不和諧的聲音，它既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
Noise is another kind of pollution .
噪音是另外一種污染。
Very loud noise can make people ill , or even drive them mad .
很大的噪音可以使人得病，甚至使人發(fā)狂。
△voice多指人發(fā)出的聲音，包括說話聲，歌聲或笑聲，有時(shí)也用于引申的意義，作"意見"、"發(fā)言權(quán)"解。例如：
They boy shouted at the top of his voice .
那男孩高聲呼叫。
I'm sorry I didn't recognize your voice .
對不起，我沒聽出來你的聲音。
She has a sweet voice .
她的聲音甜美。
I've no voice in the matter .
對于這件事，我無發(fā)言權(quán)。
△sound含義最廣，指可以聽到的任何聲音。例如：
a weak sound微弱的聲音，a strange sound奇怪的聲音，the sound of music音樂之聲。
I heard a strange sound outside .
我聽到外面有一種奇怪的聲音。
He went upstairs , without a sound .
他悄悄地上了樓。
4. She was just about to open the window and shouted at the dog to frighten it , when she stopped and stood quite still .
她正準(zhǔn)備打開窗戶，大聲嚇唬一下那條狗，這時(shí)她突然停住了，站著一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)。
a)句中的be about to do sth表示"即將做某事"，"馬上就要做某事"，"正要做某事"。例如：
Don't go out now . we're about to have lunch .
現(xiàn)在不要出去，我們就要開飯了。
We were just about to leave when you telephoned .
我們正要離開時(shí)，你來電話了。
這里需要注意的是，about常與when搭配使用，這時(shí)其句子的特點(diǎn)是英語主從關(guān)系和漢語的主從關(guān)系恰好相反，比如上面的這個(gè)句子，英語中when you telephoned是時(shí)間狀語從句，而漢語句中則是主句，而we were about to leave在英語中是主句，漢語中卻成了從句。又如：
I was about to start when it began to rain .
我正要?jiǎng)由恚烷_始下雨了。
b)句中的when是連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列的分句，意思是"屆時(shí)"，"在那時(shí)"，"……然后"，必要時(shí)在when的從句之前加逗號。例如：
I was about to go to bed last night , when I heard a cry for help .
昨晚我正要睡覺時(shí)，突然聽到了呼救聲。
My friend Jack came to see me , when I had dinner .
我的朋友杰克來看我，那時(shí)我正在吃晚飯。
c)句中的stood quite still短語中stood可以看作是系動(dòng)詞，后面跟的是形容詞still作表語，意思是"靜止的"，"不出聲的"。to stand still相當(dāng)于to remain unmoving and silent，用以說明句子中的主語所處于某種狀態(tài)。類似的動(dòng)詞還有sit , lie，在這些詞后也可以跟形容詞作表語，對句子的主語進(jìn)行描述。例如：
He stood still , watching the old people playing chess .
他站在那兒一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，觀看著老人們下棋。
He lay awake , thinking about changing his job .
他毫無睡意地躺著，考慮要換個(gè)工作。
She sat still , waiting for their decision .
她坐著不動(dòng)，等候他們的決定。
5. At that very moment , the animal bent over the baby .
就在那一剎那，獅子俯身看著嬰兒。
a)句中的very是形容詞，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，作"正好"，"就在"，"正是"解。例如
That's the very thing I'm after .
那正是我在追求的東西
This is the very man we have been talking about .
這個(gè)人正是我們在談?wù)摰模莻�(gè)）人。
b)動(dòng)詞bend意為"彎腰"，"曲身"，"屈服"，與over一起構(gòu)成短評動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于turn over , lean to the ground，例如：
The tall man bent to listen to the little boy .
那位高個(gè)子男人彎下腰來聽小男孩講話。
I can't bend before them .
我不能向他們屈服。
He stopped and bent over to tie his shoes .
他停下來，彎腰系鞋帶。
6. Mrs , Cousins held her breath , and her whole body went cold .
卡曾斯太太屏住呼吸，全身發(fā)冷。
a)句中的短語hold one's breath意思是"屏住呼吸"，"不出聲"。例如：
How long can you hold your breath for ?
你能屏住呼吸多久？
The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope .
雜技演員走鋼絲時(shí)，觀從們都屏住了呼吸。
b)句中的went（go為原形）作系動(dòng)詞用，意思是"變得"（同become），cold是形容詞，作表語，說明主語發(fā)生的變化。類似的系動(dòng)詞還有：fall , get , turn等。例如：
Eggs are easy to go bad in summer .
在夏天，雞蛋容易變壞。
It's getting dark , let's stop working .
天快黑了，咱們停止工作吧。
The leaves of the trees turn green when spring comes .
當(dāng)春天來臨時(shí)，樹葉就變綠了。
Before liberation , he often went hungry .
解放前，他經(jīng)常挨餓。
Has anything gone wrong with the machine ?
機(jī)器出什么毛病了嗎？
7. Worse still , it could even carry off the baby in its mouth .
更糟的是，獅子甚至可能把嬰兒叼走。
句中的worse still是"更糟糕的是……"，同于what's worse .這是形容詞詞組構(gòu)成的插入語，用來作補(bǔ)充說明，插入語后面通常用逗號同句子的其它成分分開。例如：
Lots of trees were blown down , Worse still (What's worse) , some people were killed or injured .
許多樹木被風(fēng)刮倒了，更糟糕的是，還死傷了一些人。
It was very cold last night . Worse still , it was snowing .
昨天晚上很冷，更糟的是，還下著雪。
8. There was not a moment to lose . ( = She had no time to waste .)
不能再耽誤了。
There was not a moment to lose .
是一個(gè)固定的表達(dá)法，意思是"立即行動(dòng)起來"，"一刻也不能耽誤"。lose在這里作"耽擱"，"浪費(fèi)時(shí)間"解。例如：
Hurry up , there's not a moment to lose .
快點(diǎn)，一刻也不能耽擱了。
She's very ill .Take her to the hospital and there's not a moment to lose .
她病得不輕，快送她去醫(yī)院，一刻也不能耽誤。
9. The lion looked at her as she swung the pork in her hand so as to attrack the lion's attention .
當(dāng)她搖晃著手中的豬肉吸引獅子的注意力時(shí)，獅子看著她。
句中的attract是"吸引"，"引起注意"，"引起興趣"的意思，（=draw）。例如：
The new film in going to attract a lot of visitors .
這部新影片會很受歡迎的。
The newly built museum began to attract a lot of visitors .
這座新建的博物館吸引了不少參觀者。
10. "Here ! Eat that !" she cried as she threw the leg of pork as far as she could onto the grass away from the table .
她一邊盡可能地把豬腿扔到遠(yuǎn)離桌子的草地上，一邊喊著，"喂，吃這個(gè)吧！"
a)句中的here，是感嘆詞，用來引起別人注意，譯時(shí)比較靈活。例如：
Here , look at the beautiful picture !
喂，請看這張美麗的畫片！
Here , don't walk so quickly .
喂，別走那么快。
Here , give me a hand .
喂，請幫幫我。
b) as far as she could后面省略了動(dòng)詞throw，這是一個(gè)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as far as possible（盡可能遠(yuǎn)）。
這二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的：
as + adj.／adv. + as + one can .
as + adj.／adv. + as possible .
例如：
I shall come to see you as often as I can／possible .
我會盡可能常來看你。
I'll try to work as hand as I can／possible .
我將盡可能地努力工作。
L.47
1. It's not safe to go outside until it is caught .
在抓住它之前，外出是不安全的。
a)在這個(gè)句子中，句首的it是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語to go outside，而第二個(gè)短語是人稱代詞，在這里代替的是the young lion。
b)在這里要注意的是句中not…until…的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的until相當(dāng)于before的意思。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，翻譯時(shí)可以譯作"在……之前不……"，也可以譯作"到……之后才……"。
如本課中的這句話還可以譯作"抓住獅子之后，外出才是安全的。"請看下面的句子：
Don't leave until I come back .
在我回來之前不要離開。（我回來之后再離開。）
We won't do anything until we've thought it over .
在我們仔細(xì)考慮之前，我們不會做任何事情的。（在我們仔細(xì)考慮之后才會去做的。）
He didn't do his homework until his mother came home .
他媽媽回到家之后他才做功課。
2. Two keepers from the zoo came into the house and looked into the garden .
動(dòng)物園的兩位飼養(yǎng)員走進(jìn)屋來，察看了一下花園里情況。
句中的動(dòng)詞短語look into的意思是"調(diào)查"，"研究"，"了解"的意思，但在本句中有"觀察"，"調(diào)查"之意。例如：
We'll look into this matter together .
我們將一起調(diào)查這件事。
The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime .
警察在查閱所有被牽扯到這個(gè)案子里的人的檔案。
其實(shí)look into的本意是"向里面看"。例如：
Father said to his son , "look into the box and tell me what you see" .
父親對兒子說："朝箱子里面，然后告訴我你看到了什么"。
3. Walking slowly across the grass he pointed the pipe at the lion and fired .
慢慢地穿過草地，他把槍筒對準(zhǔn)獅子，緊接著他就開槍了。
a)句首的walking slowly across the grass是～ing短語作狀語 ，表示伴隨的動(dòng)作。這種～ing短語作狀語時(shí)，可以放在句首也可以放在句末。
b)句中的point…at…是"把……對準(zhǔn)"，"指向"的意思。另外point to的意思是"指""指著"的意思。例如：
She was pointing her fingers at him .
她把手指指著他。
"Point the gun at the target" , the officer ordered .
軍官命令道"把槍對準(zhǔn)靶子"。
The hands of the clock pointed to ten .
鐘表的指針指著十點(diǎn)。
It's impolite to point your fingers at people .
用手指指人是不禮貌的。
4. The lion made a sudden angry noise and struggled to its feet .
獅子突然發(fā)出一聲怒吼，掙扎著站了起來。
a)句中的make a noise是"發(fā)出響聲"的意思，在noise一詞之前可以加形容詞或不定代詞，如make a great noise（發(fā)出很大的響聲），make a loud noise（發(fā)出鬧聲），make no noise（不發(fā)出聲響）等。另外，noise一詞可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
Don't make any noise . The hildren are sleeping .
別吵鬧，孩子們正在睡覺呢。
What's that noise ?
那是什么響？
Who's making those strange noises ?
誰弄出的那種怪聲？
b)句中的struggle to one's feet短語是"掙扎著站起來"的意思。動(dòng)詞struggle是"掙扎"，"奮力"，"作努力"，"斗爭"的意思。例如：
The people were struggling to get out of the burning building .
人們奮力逃離出燃燒著的建筑物。
A bird was caught and was struggling to get free .
小鳥被捉并且奮力掙脫。
5. After a moment , it fell over and lay still .
不一會兒，它（獅子）就摔倒在地，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)了。
句中的fall over是"摔倒"的意思。例如：
A girl fell over and hit her head .
小女孩摔倒了，碰了頭。
He fell over a rock and hurt himself .
他跌倒在石頭上并且受了傷。
The hunter fired and the deer fell over dead .
獵人開槍了，鹿兒倒下死了。
三、同步測試
I選擇最佳答案
1. She seems to the People's Park before .
A. be visiting B. have visited C. visit D. had visited
2. If you go to see the film , so I .
A. go B. am C. do D. will
3. He is not fit for the position . For one thing , he's not received enough education . For he doesn't work hard .
A. one other B. the second C. the other thing D. another
4. Worse , they lost their way in the forest .
A. still B. all C. also D. more
5. Please keep when I take the picture f you .
A. calm B. quietly C. still D. silently
6. Not asking of his friends to help , the boy did it by himself .
A. someone B. anyone C. anybody D. any one
7. I've written to my family, them about my school life here .
A. and tell B. to be told C. telling D. tell
8. "Please get yourselves for the coming exam" , the teacher said to the students.
A. to prepare B. prepared C. prepare D. preparing
9. Do you still remember the match we watched several months ago ?
A. for a time B. sometimes C. sometime D. at times
10.──When can you finish it ?
──It's hard to say . I'll finish it .
A. as fast as possible B. as soon as possible
C. as much as possible D. as possible as I can
11. It's never easy to succeed hard work .
A. after B. unless C. without D. with
12. All the problems raised at the meeting were solved .
A. one from the other B. one to another
C. one by one D. one after one
13. What kind of did you see in the zoo ?
A. the new animal B. a new animal C. an animal D. new animal
14. He saw a boy running out the big tree .
A. from behind B. from C. around D. of
15. He likes doing his homework with the radio on .
A. to turn B. turning C. turned D. turn
16. Anyone who breaks the law can't escape .
A. punishing B. being punished C. punished D. from punishing
17. The most interesting thing about this animal is it lives on .
A. how B. what C. which D. where
18. It was yesterday that I the news .
A. until , didn't know B. not until , knew
C. until , knew D. not since , knew
19. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply , and .
A. did Charlie so B. Charlie so did
C. so Charlie did D. so did Charlie
20. The needle of a compass（指南針）always the south .
A. refers at B. points at C. points to D. refers to
II完形填空
The United States is full of cars . There are still many families 1 cars , but some families have two or more . However , cars are used for 2 joy . They are a necessary part of 3 .
Cars are used for 4 . They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have 5 to get to their jobs . When 6 are sent to different parts of the city , They have to drive in order to 7 their goods , Farmers have to drive into cities in order to buy things .
Sometimes small children 8 be driven to school , In some cities school buses are used only 9 children who live more than a mile 10 school . When children are too young to walk 11 far , their 12 take turns to drive them to school , One mother drives on Monday , taking her own children and the 13 as well . Another mother drives on Tuesday , another on Wednesday 14 , So people say they 15 a car pool . Men also form car pools-three or four of them take turns to drive to the place 16 they all work .
More car pools should be formed in order to put 17 cars on the road and to use less oil . Car-leaving place is a great problem , and 18 is the over-busy road