詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．How do you analyze the present economic s____________？
2．A balloon e____________as it is filled with air.
3．The manager is greatly d____________ with the young man.
4．This medicine is highly e____________against cancer.
5．Smoking is p____________in all areas of the office building.
6．The____________(環(huán)境)problems must be paid much attention to.
7．We try our best to increase ____________(產(chǎn)量)by using better methods and tools.
8．I have enjoyed my visit very much，and would like to thank all(the people)____________(相關(guān)的)．
9．He felt the floor shocked ____________(輕微)．
10．The two workers have been____________(非法)discharged(解雇)．
11．One or two glasses of wine a day can be____________(benefit)．
12．They had been____________ (debate) for several hours without reaching a conclusion.
1．situation 2.expands 3.disappointed 4.effective 5.prohibited 6.environmental 7.production 8.concerned
9．slightly 10.illegally 11.beneficial 12.debating
短語匯集
1．________________ 對(duì)……有持久的影響
2．________________ 增長至
3．________________ 環(huán)保的生活方式
4．________________ 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)
5．________________ 經(jīng)營這些工廠的人們
6．________________ 對(duì)……有害
7．________________ 自然災(zāi)害
8．________________ 采取措施來阻止沙漠化進(jìn)程
9．________________ 認(rèn)識(shí)到做某事的重要性
10．________________ 引起國內(nèi)外關(guān)注
11．________________ 偶遇
12．________________ 得出一個(gè)結(jié)論
1.have a lasting effect on/upon 2.grow to/climb to/rise to/increase to 3.an environmentally friendly way of living,4.be responsible for(doing)sth./take responsibility for sth.5.the people running these factories 6.do harm to/be harmful to/do damage to... 7.natural disasters 8.take steps to stop the process of desertification 9.recognize the importance of doing sth. 10.raise concern both nationally and internationally/both at home and abroad 11.run across/run into/come across 12.draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P22)The world’s population has grown to more than six times________ ________ ________in 1800.
目前世界人口和1800年相比已經(jīng)增加到那時(shí)的6倍多。
2．(回歸課本P23)But I________agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.
但有一點(diǎn)我的確贊同：循環(huán)利用或許是對(duì)兩者都有利的解決辦法。
3．(回歸課本P22)My suggestion is________we should try to cut back on production and...
我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡量削減生產(chǎn)……
4．(回歸課本P23)________ ________ ________ ________you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
很顯然你對(duì)我們目前的環(huán)境狀況很擔(dān)心。
5．(回歸課本P25)People should take responsibility for not buying certain kinds of fish，because ________ ________ not many left in the ocean.
人們應(yīng)該為買不到某種魚負(fù)責(zé)任，因?yàn)樵诤Ｑ罄镆咽Ｏ虏欢嗟聂~了。
1.what it was 2.do 3.that 4.It is obvious that 5.there are
核心知識(shí)
1.debate vt.& vi. 辯論，爭(zhēng)論，討論；
n． 辯論；辯論會(huì)
(回歸課本P22)Today’s debate question is‘The economy or the environment－must we choose？’
今天辯論的話題是“要經(jīng)濟(jì)還是環(huán)境--我們必須做出選擇嗎？”
12
歸納拓展
debate with sb.about sth.和某人就某事辯論
debate whether to do sth./debate whether＋從句
考慮/討論是否……
have a debate進(jìn)行討論/辯論
open/close a debate開始/終止辯論
under debate在討論中
例句探源
①Today there is a debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best...
至今在新加坡還有一種關(guān)于哪種英語最好的爭(zhēng)論……
②(朗文P519)There has been very little public debate on the Navy’s new program.
幾乎還沒有針對(duì)海軍新計(jì)劃的公眾辯論。
③(牛津P514)The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16.
委員會(huì)將討論是否將參加俱樂部的年齡限制放寬到16歲。
易混辨析
debate，quarrel，argue，discuss
(1)quarrel是指因?yàn)閷?duì)某事不喜歡或強(qiáng)烈不滿而發(fā)生的“爭(zhēng)吵”或“吵架”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：quarrel with sb.；quarrel about sth.。
(2)argue指一方著重就自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)提出論證，并就此同對(duì)方“爭(zhēng)論”或“辯論”，企圖說服對(duì)方，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：argue with sb.about/over sth.。
(3)debate多指在公開、正式場(chǎng)合各自陳述理由，內(nèi)含“交鋒”的意思。
(4)discuss指為了解決問題或弄清對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的討論、磋商。
①Let’s discuss the details of the contract tomorrow.
②He knew it was useless to argue with his father.
③Linda had a big quarrel with her husband yesterday.
④They debated hotly whether to accept these proposals or not.
⑤He seriously debated whether or not he should charge Martin extra for the water.
1．完成句子
(1)這是個(gè)他們常討論的問題。
This is a question that ________ ________ ________.
答案：they often debate
(2)經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的辯論，他們通過了這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
After ________ ________ ________，they approved the plan.
答案：a long debate
(3)這則新聞報(bào)道的事實(shí)，毋庸?fàn)庌q。
The truth of this news story is ________ ________.
答案：beyond debate
2.Each time the programme was showed on TV，it starts a nationwide debate________the subject.
A．for B．a(chǎn)gainst
C．on D．of
解析：選C。句意：每次播放這個(gè)節(jié)目，都引起對(duì)此話題的全國性大辯論。debate on“對(duì)……的爭(zhēng)論”；debate for“支持……的辯論”；debate against“反對(duì)……的辯論”。
2.lay vt. 產(chǎn)卵，下蛋；擺放，放置；設(shè)置；鋪設(shè)；奠定基礎(chǔ)
(回歸課本P22)These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.
這些捕撈船捕撈大量的魚類，根本不讓它們有產(chǎn)卵的時(shí)間。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①He collects butterflies and brings them into a lab to lay eggs.他收集蝴蝶，然后帶到實(shí)驗(yàn)室產(chǎn)卵。
②(朗文P1161)He sank into the chair and laid his gloves on the floor.他一屁股坐進(jìn)椅子里，把手套擱在地上。
③(牛津P1144)Our teacher lays great stress on good spelling.
我們老師著力強(qiáng)調(diào)要拼寫正確。
易混辨析
lie，lay
lie與lay的不同詞義、詞性及四種基本形式：
lie-lay-lain-lying vi.躺；臥；位于
lay-laid-laid-laying vt.放置；產(chǎn)卵
lie-lied-lied-lying vi.撒謊
①There is a ladder lying against the wall.
②She often complains that her hens don’t lay well.
③Lay the book where you took it.
④The boy often tells lies，so hardly anyone believes him.
3．完成句子
(1)午飯準(zhǔn)備好了，請(qǐng)擺好餐具。
Lunch is ready.Please________ ________ ________.
答案：lay the table
(2)這種動(dòng)物在水中產(chǎn)卵。
This kind of animal________ ________ ________in water.
答案：lays its eggs
(3)他們正在客廳鋪設(shè)新地毯。
They________ ________ ________ ________ ________in the living room.
答案：are laying a new carpet
3.figure n． 數(shù)字；外形；輪廓；人物；人影
v． 認(rèn)為；判斷
(回歸課本P22)The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people！這個(gè)數(shù)字現(xiàn)已接近65億！
歸納拓展
例句探源
①The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality.
目前的形勢(shì)非常復(fù)雜，因此我認(rèn)為要花費(fèi)我一段時(shí)間來弄清楚它的真實(shí)性。
②Complete the chart with figures from the passage.
用文章中的數(shù)字完成表格。
③She’s always had a good figure.
她一向體態(tài)優(yōu)美。
④In the ricegrowing world，the Chinese scientist，Yuan Longping，is a leading figure.
在水稻種植領(lǐng)域，中國科學(xué)家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
4．完成句子
(1)你是怎么保持苗條身材的？
How do you________ ________ ________？
答案：keep your figure
(2)請(qǐng)把賬目的總數(shù)加起來。
Please________ ________the account.
答案：figure up
(3)我想他是誠實(shí)的。
I figure________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：that he is honest
5.For many years I have been trying to________what it is that makes Jack so angry.
A．carry out B．figure out
C．watch out D．make out
解析：選B。figure out“弄明白”；carry out“完成，執(zhí)行”；watch out“小心”；make out“辨認(rèn)出”，作“理解，明白”講時(shí)，常用于否定句或疑問句。根據(jù)句意，B為最佳答案。
4.approach vt.& vi. 接近，靠近
n． 靠近，接近；態(tài)度，方法
(回歸課本P22)The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people!
這個(gè)數(shù)字現(xiàn)已接近65億！
歸納拓展
at the approach of 在……快到的時(shí)候
approach to
接近，近似，約等于；(做某事)的方法/途徑
make approaches to sb.設(shè)法接近某人
approach sb.on/about sth.
為某事與某人打交道
例句探源
①The global energy crisis is approaching.
全球能源危機(jī)正在迫近。
②The scouts made a stealthy approach to the enemy position.
偵察員偷偷地接近敵人的陣地。
③The job market has changed and our approach to finding work must change as well.
就業(yè)市場(chǎng)變了，我們找工作的途徑也要改變。
④(朗文P84)Researchers are looking for new ways to approach the problem.
研究人員正在尋找處理這個(gè)問題的新方法。
6．完成句子
(1)圣誕節(jié)快到了。
The Christmas Day________ ________.
答案：is approaching
(2)他是一個(gè)難以接近的人。
He is a man________ ________ ________.
答案：hard to approach
(3)他們找到了治療癌癥的新方法。
They have found________ ________ ________ ________cancer treatment.
答案：a new approach to
7.In the lecture，the famous lecturer referred to three different________to the study of physics.
A．means B．methods
C．ways D．a(chǎn)pproaches
解析：選D。選項(xiàng)中四個(gè)詞都表示方法，只有approach后跟介詞to表示“……的方法”。
5.situation n． 形勢(shì)，情形
(回歸課本P23)It’s obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
很顯然你對(duì)我們目前的環(huán)境狀況很擔(dān)心。
歸納拓展
get into/out of a difficult situation
陷入/擺脫困難的狀況
the international/domestic situation
國際/國內(nèi)形勢(shì)
save the situation 挽回局面，扭轉(zhuǎn)危局
find a new situation找了一份新工作
be in/out of a situation有/失去職業(yè)
例句探源
①(朗文P1919)Everyone knew how serious the situation was.
人人都了解形勢(shì)的嚴(yán)重性。
②(牛津P1877)You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能遇上一種情況，使你不得不立刻作出決定。
易混辨析
situation，state，condition
(1)situation指某一時(shí)間由各種情況所造成的“處境”“形勢(shì)”。
(2)state指人或事物所處的狀態(tài)或狀況，常和condition替用。此外，state還常表示思想、感情、心理等狀態(tài)。
(3)condition意為“條件、情況、狀況”，其單數(shù)形式指人或物所處的狀態(tài)，這時(shí)與state意義相近，�？梢曰Q，但condition還常著重指一定原因或條件所造成的狀態(tài)，如人的健康狀況、物的完好程度、設(shè)備的可用性等，其復(fù)數(shù)形式指一般籠統(tǒng)的情況。
①He’s now in a dangerous situation.
②Everything was in a state of disorder.
③He’s in no condition to travel.
8. (2011年許昌新鄉(xiāng)高三調(diào)研) The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.
A．a(chǎn)tmosphere B．state
C．situation D．phenomenon
解析：選A。句意：兩國高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的會(huì)談在友好的氣氛中進(jìn)行。atmosphere氣氛；state狀態(tài)；situation處境；phenomenon現(xiàn)象。由句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。
9．School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous________.
A．states B．conditions
C．situations D．positions
解析：選C。句意：學(xué)生必須接受如何應(yīng)付危險(xiǎn)情況的教育。state狀態(tài)，狀況，情況。condition(居住、工作或做事情的)環(huán)境，條件。
6.advise v． 勸告，建議
(回歸課本P38)．..and advises people on the importance of protecting this great river.
...并且建議人們意識(shí)到保護(hù)這條大河的重要性。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①M(fèi)y teacher advised me to keep a diary.
老師建議我寫日記。
②I advise waiting till proper time.
我建議等到適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。
③Could you advise on how to improve my English?
你能就如何提高英語水平給我提些建議嗎？
④(朗文P31)They gave me some advice about buying a house.
他們給我提供了一些買房子的好建議。
10．完成句子
(1)建議乘客看管好自己的提包。
Passengers are advised________ ________ ________ ________ ________unattended.
答案：not to leave their bags
(2)我勸你什么都不要給新聞界講。
I ________you________saying anything to the press.
答案：advise；against
(3)他就稅收問題為我們提供咨詢。
He advises us________tax matters.
答案：on
(4)你能不能給我點(diǎn)買車的建議？
Can you________/________ ________ ________ ________about buying a car?
答案：give/offer me some advice
7.decrease vi.& n.
(回歸課本P35)This is one of the cheapest and most effective ways of decreasing desertification.
這是減少沙漠化最便宜也是最有效的方法之一。
歸納拓展
decrease to減少到
decrease by減少了
on the decrease在減少
例句探源
①(朗文P525)Some illnesses cause a decrease in appetite.
有些疾病會(huì)使人食欲下降。
②(牛津P520)The price of wheat has decreased by 15%.
小麥價(jià)格降低了15%。
11．(2009年高考浙江卷)Over the past decades，sea ice________in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A．had decreased B．decreased
C．has been decreasing D．is decreasing
解析：選C。句意：在過去的幾十年間，由于全球氣候變暖，北極的冰在不斷減少。“over/in/during/for the past＋時(shí)間段”作狀語時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
12. (2011年湖北省八校高三聯(lián)考) If their marketing plans succeed，they________their sales by 20 percent.
A．will increase B．have been increasing
C．have increased D．would be increasing
解析：選A。句意：如果他們的市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作計(jì)劃成功，他們的銷售額將會(huì)提高20%。根據(jù)句意，if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，主句用將來時(shí)。
8.effort n． 努力；艱難的嘗試
(回歸課本P38)We believe that the efforts of the Chinese government and the Chinese people to protect this muchloved river will be appreciated for years to come by future generations.
我們相信，中國政府和人民為保護(hù)這條他們所摯愛的河流而做出的努力將在未來數(shù)年內(nèi)得到后人的肯定和欣賞。
歸納拓展
make an effort/efforts to do sth.
努力去做某事
make every effort to do sth.
盡一切努力去做某事
spare no effort(s)to do sth.不遺余力地去做某事
with (an)effort(＝with difficulty)費(fèi)力地，使勁地without effort毫不費(fèi)力地
in an effort to...為了……
例句探源
①Nothing can be gained without effort.
不勞無獲。
②Their efforts were rewarded with success.
他們的努力獲得了成功。
③(朗文P651)Team officials continue to negotiate in an effort to reach an agreement with parcells.
為了與帕斯?fàn)査惯_(dá)成協(xié)議，球隊(duì)官員在繼續(xù)談判。
④(牛津P641)The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.
地方俱樂部正在盡一切努力來吸引更多的年輕人。
13．完成句子
(1)我決定再作一次努力。
I decided to_______ _______ _______ _______.
答案：make one more effort
(2)不過我向你們保證我們將竭盡全力使你們今晚在這里過得愉快。
But I assure you that we will________ ________ ________ ________ ________your evening here a pleasant one.
答案：make every effort to make
(3)我們應(yīng)該不遺余力地美化我們的環(huán)境。
We should________ ________ ________ ________ ________our environment.
答案：spare no effort to beautify
(4)他講話很慢，很吃力。
He spoke slowly and________ ________.
答案：with effort
9.run out(of) 用完，耗盡
(回歸課本P25)What if we run out of space?
倘若我們用完了空間，該怎么辦呢？
歸納拓展
例句探源
①Could I have a cigarette？I seem to have run out.
給我支煙抽可以嗎？我的煙好像抽完了。
②My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.
在去海灘的路上，我的車因?yàn)槠秃谋M而拋錨了。
③Lost in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.
因?yàn)橄萑氤了�，他幾乎撞上了前面的汽車�?/p>
④(朗文P1790)Nately jumped out of the car and ran after Santiago.內(nèi)特利跳下車，跑著追趕圣地亞哥。
14．完成句子
(1)牛奶被喝光了。
The milk________ ________ ________/________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：has run out/has run out of
(2)我們的燃料很快就要用完了。
We________ ________ ________ ________our fuel.
答案：are running out of
10.rely on 依靠，依賴
(回歸課本P38)This is not good news for the people who live in all the towns and cities along the Yangtze River and who rely on it for water.
這對(duì)于居住在長江兩岸和飲用水需要依賴長江的所有城鎮(zhèn)居民來說并不是好消息。
歸納拓展
rely on sb.to do依靠/指望某人做
rely on one’s own efforts/strength自力更生
rely on one’s promise相信某人的諾言
rely on one’s doing依賴某人做……
rely on sb.for sth.依賴某人某事
rely on it that從句 相信/指望……
例句探源
①I rely on you for good advice.
我依賴你給我好建議。
②(牛津P1680)These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
現(xiàn)在，我們?cè)诤艽蟪潭壬弦蕾囯娔X來安排我們的工作。
③You should rely on your own judgement.
你應(yīng)該相信你自己的判斷。
15．完成句子
(1)湯姆在穿著上總是依賴他妻子的意見。
Tom always_______ _______ _______ ________ ________advice on clothes.
答案：relies on his wife for
(2)你可以相信我一定會(huì)為你保守秘密。
You can_______ _______ _______ _______keep your secret.
答案：rely on me to
(3)你可以相信他一定會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來到。
You can_______ _______ _______ _______he must come here on time.
答案：rely on it that
句型解析
1【教材原句】 The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.(P22)
世界人口已經(jīng)增長到了1800年時(shí)的六倍多。
【句法分析】 more than six times what it was in 1800是“倍數(shù)＋what從句”的形式，意為“是(比)……的……倍”。
倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式有：
(1)A＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)＋than＋B，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。
(2)A＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)＋as＋B，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(3)A＋倍數(shù)＋the size/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(4)A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是……的多少倍”。
16．完成句子
(1)這輛小車的速度比那輛卡車快兩倍。
The car runs________ ________ than that truck.
答案：twice faster
(2)亞洲的面積是歐洲的四倍。
Asia is________ ________ ________ ________ as Europe.
答案：four times as large
(3)這座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。
This hill is________ ________ ________ ________of that small one.
答案：four times the height
(4)這條路是四年前的三倍長。
The length of the road is three times what________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：it was four years ago
2【教材原句】 People should take responsibility for not buying certain kinds of fish，because there_are not many left in the ocean.(P25)
人們應(yīng)該為買不到某種魚負(fù)責(zé)任，因?yàn)樵诤Ｑ罄镆咽Ｏ虏欢嗟聂~了。
【句法分析】 本句為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，從句又為there be結(jié)構(gòu)，其中l(wèi)eft in the ocean為過去分詞短語，作定語。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)：
There is no time left；let’s hurry up!
時(shí)間不多了，我們快點(diǎn)吧！
歸納拓展
there be的常見句型：
There happen(s)to be...碰巧有……
There seem(s)to be...好像有……
There is likely to be...可能有……
There may/might be...可能有……
There must be...一定有……
There can’t be...不可能有……
There is said to be...據(jù)說有……
There used to be...過去常常有……
There is certain/sure to be...肯定有……
There goes the bell.鈴響了。
【溫馨提示】
(1)there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞除用be之外，還可用某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：remain，lie，exist，live以及表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞arrive，come，enter，follow，rise等。
(2)there be句型的非限定形式有there to be和there being兩種形式，它們可以在句中作主語、賓語、狀語等。
(3)there be中be的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于be后的名詞，若有幾個(gè)并列名詞，則取決于第一個(gè)。
(4)There be＋n.＋v.Ming/v.Med/to do中，若名詞與后面的動(dòng)詞存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用v.Ming形式；若表被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用v.Med；不定式既可以用主動(dòng)形式又可以用被動(dòng)形式。
17．(2009年高考安徽卷)________a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A．It has B．They have
C．It remains D．There remains
解析：選D。考查固定句型。此句實(shí)際是考查句型“There is a certain doubt”，這里用系動(dòng)詞remains代替了is。