核心詞匯
1．Hearing the gun，the enemies were horrorstruck and____________(逃跑)in all directions.
2．The businessman___________(拋棄)his wife and went away with all their money.
3．You must be very careful to cut meat with this____________(鋒利的)knife.
4．She sat____________(思考)on how much had changed since she’d bought the farm.
5．One of the firemen went back in and____________(拖)my husband out through the flames.
6．A man in a(n)____________(整潔的)grey suit sat on the other side of the bar.
7．Generally speaking，if you want to shoot the ____________(目標(biāo))，you must aim at it a little bit higher because of the effect of gravity on the arrow.
8．I ____________remember the picture he drew last week whose colors were____________.(vivid)
9．用witness的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)The two ____________to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
(2)The crash was ____________by millions of viewers who were watching the race on TV.
1.fled 2.abandoned 3.sharp 4.reflecting 5.dragged,6.neat 7.target 8.vividly；vivid 9.(1)witnesses,(2)witnessed
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 優(yōu)于；在……前面
2．________________ 瞄準(zhǔn)
3．________________ 在此期間；與此同時(shí)
4．________________ 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難
5．________________ 對(duì)……知道、明白；意識(shí)到 ……
6．________________ 上下翻轉(zhuǎn)
7．________________ 嚇?biāo)懒?/p>
8．________________ 舉起，抬起；支撐；阻擋， 使延誤
9．________________ 即將；將要
10．________________ 靠近
1.ahead of 2.aim at 3.in the meantime 4.help(...)out 5.be/become aware of 6.upside down 7.(be) scared to death 8.hold up 9.be about to do 10.get close to
重點(diǎn)句式
1．____________the killer whales，or “killers ”as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那個(gè)時(shí)期，虎鯨(當(dāng)時(shí)被稱為“殺手”)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時(shí)捕捉須鯨。
2．This was the call that announced there_____________be a whale hunt.
這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開(kāi)始的呼聲。
3．As we drew closer，I could see a whale_____________a pack of about six other killers.
靠近一看，原來(lái)是一頭大鯨受到大約六條虎鯨的攻擊。
4．________such extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.
看到這樣奇特的美景，我全身的每個(gè)細(xì)胞都蘇醒了。
5．There were other creatures that I didn’t want to get too close to-an eel with its strong sharp teeth，__________________，watching for a tasty fish(or my tasty toe！)；and the giant clam half buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips.
還有一些其他的動(dòng)物，我不想太靠近它們--一條帶有利齒的海鰻，從洞穴里探出頭來(lái)，望著可作美餐的魚(yú)過(guò)來(lái)(或者在等著我美味的腳趾伸過(guò)去！)；一個(gè)巨大的蛤蜊半掩在珊瑚礁中，等待著有什么東西游過(guò)來(lái)，游到它寬厚的綠嘴唇中去。
1.It was a time when 2.was about to 3.being attacked by 4.Seeing 5.with only its head showing from a hole
知識(shí)詳解
1 .witness n． 目擊者；證人；證據(jù)
vt. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到；目擊
(回歸課本P20)I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.
當(dāng)時(shí)我認(rèn)為這只是個(gè)故事，但之后我親眼目睹了好多次。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P2358)One witness to the accident said that the driver appeared to be drunk.
事故的一位目擊者說(shuō)司機(jī)看上去好像喝醉了。
②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他身體健康證明這種療法是成功的。
③He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他證明看到那個(gè)人進(jìn)了房間。
④(牛津P2313)Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
警方呼吁凡是目擊這一事件的人與他們聯(lián)系。
[即境活用]
1．很多人被親眼目睹的暴虐場(chǎng)面嚇呆了。
Many people were shocked by the violent scenes ________ ________ ________.
答案：they had witnessed
2 .flee(fled，fled) vi.& vt. 逃走，逃避；消失，消散
(回歸課本P20)“And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea，”George told me，pointing towards the hunt.
“而其他那些(虎鯨)則阻止它潛水或逃跑，”喬治一邊指著捕獵的情景一邊告訴我。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P773)He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他與家人爭(zhēng)吵以后離家去了倫敦。
②(牛津P773)He was caught trying to flee the country.
他試圖逃離該國(guó)時(shí)被抓住。
③Why does he always flee any kind of responsibility?
他為什么總是逃避任何責(zé)任？
④His hopes fled when he lost the election.
當(dāng)他落選時(shí)，他的希望就破滅了。
[即境活用]
2．The thieves have already________the city，so it is difficult for the police to arrest them.
A．fled B．run away
C．escaped D．got rid of
解析：選A。表示“逃離某地”時(shí)，run away和escape后需加from，get rid of則不合句意。
3 .abandon vt. 遺棄；拋棄；丟棄；放棄；中止；(與oneself連用)使放縱，使聽(tīng)任 n． 放任；放縱
(回歸課本P21)From James’s face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.
從詹姆斯的臉上我能看出，他害怕被我們拋棄。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P2)Rescuers abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors of the crash.
援救人員完全放棄了會(huì)再找到墜機(jī)生還者的希望。
②We must urge people who smoke to abandon the habit.
我們必須敦促吸煙的人戒煙。
③Hong Zhanhui brought up a girl abandoned by her parents.
洪戰(zhàn)輝撫養(yǎng)了一個(gè)被父母遺棄的女孩。
④The match was abandoned because of bad weather.
比賽因天氣惡劣而取消了。
[即境活用]
3．那個(gè)孩子被他的父母遺棄了，后來(lái)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)被拋棄的孩子在大街上游蕩，他已陷入了絕望。
The child ________ ________ by his parents.Eventually the ________ boy was found wandering in the street，________ himself to despair.
答案：was abandoned；abandoned；abandoning
4 .urge vt. 催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策
(回歸課本P20)“Man overboard！Turn the boat around！”urged George，shouting loudly.
喬治催促著，大聲喊道：“有人落水了！調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)船頭�！�
[歸納拓展]
①(朗文P2265)Katy’s family urged her to find another job.
凱蒂的家人催促她去找另一份工作。
②(牛津P2223)The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
這份報(bào)告呼吁給所有的兒童教授游泳。
③He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work.
他向?qū)W生們力言努力學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。
④He urged all the students to take part in this activity.
他要求所有學(xué)生參加這次活動(dòng)。
[例句探源]
[即境活用]
4．我極力主張應(yīng)該立刻采取措施阻止這樣的事情再發(fā)生。
I urged that we________ ________ ________to prevent such things happening again.
答案：take immediate action
5 .reflect vt. 映射，反射 vi.& vt. 思考
(回歸課本P24)I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day-a day of pure magic!
我坐在溫暖的夜空下，手里拿著一瓶冷飲，回憶著當(dāng)天的事情--這是神奇的一天！
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1668)When the sun’s rays hit the earth，a lot of the heat is reflected back into space.
太陽(yáng)光線照射到地球時(shí)，大量的熱被反射回太空。
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
我們的報(bào)紙旨在表達(dá)當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊男穆暋?/p>
③(牛津P1668)Before I decide，I need time to reflect.
在我決定前，我需要時(shí)間認(rèn)真考慮。
④After long reflection we decided to buy that house.
經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的慎重考慮，我們決定買下那所房子。
[即境活用]
5．完成句子
(1)肖恩對(duì)祖國(guó)的愛(ài)在他最近出版的詩(shī)歌里反映出來(lái)。
Sean’s strong love for his country is ________ in his recently published poems.
答案：reflected
(2)你應(yīng)該留出時(shí)間反思你的成功和失敗。
You should set aside some time to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：reflect on your successes and failures
6 .help(...)out 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難；協(xié)助；使(某人)脫離困境
(回歸課本P21)What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?
有什么證據(jù)能說(shuō)明老湯姆幫助捕鯨者擺脫險(xiǎn)境？
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P955)When I bought the house，my sister helped me out with a loan.
我買這所房子時(shí)，我姐姐借給了我一筆錢解了急。
②As he is my best friend，when I am in trouble he will certainly help me out.
因?yàn)樗俏易詈玫呐笥眩?dāng)我遇到麻煩時(shí)他肯定會(huì)幫我。
③(牛津P954)I can’t help thinking he knows more than he has told us.
我總覺(jué)得他沒(méi)把知道的事情全告訴我們。
④(牛津P954)She couldn’t help but wonder what he was thinking.
她不禁琢磨著他在想些什么。
⑤He couldn’t help to wash the clothes.
他不能幫忙洗衣服。
[即境活用]
6．My father has often ________ me ________ when I’ve been a bit short of money.
A．sent；out B．driven；off
C．helped；out D．pulled；in
解析：選C�？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。help sb.out幫助某人擺脫困境。
7．The passengers had a chat with the college students______
as conductors during the summer vacation.
A．help out B．helped out
C．to help out D．helping out
解析：選D。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，故B、C兩項(xiàng)不符合題意。句意：旅客們同那幾個(gè)在暑假臨時(shí)幫忙充當(dāng)列車員的大學(xué)生聊天。
7 .be/become aware of 對(duì)……知道、明白、意識(shí)到……
(回歸課本P24) The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me-purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens.
我首先注意到的是我周圍那些鮮艷的色彩--紫色、紅色、橘黃、明黃、藍(lán)色和綠色等。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①M(fèi)ost people are aware of the dangers of driving after drinking.
大多數(shù)人知道酒后開(kāi)車的危險(xiǎn)。
②(牛津P119)I don’t think people are really aware of just how much it costs.
我認(rèn)為人們并不真正明白這要花多少錢。
③We are not aware(of) what he is longing for.
我們不知道他在渴望什么。
④(牛津P119)As far as I’m aware，nobody has done anything about it.
據(jù)我所知，尚無(wú)人對(duì)此采取任何措施。
[即境活用]
8．Most parents are not ________ the danger of their babies’eating jelly，which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.
A．well aware to B．very aware of
C．a(chǎn)ware that D．well aware of
解析：選D。考查形容詞用法�？瞻滋幒竺娌皇蔷渥�，故排除C項(xiàng)；aware后面接of，故排除A項(xiàng)；另外表示“清醒地，充分地認(rèn)識(shí)到”時(shí)，表語(yǔ)形容詞aware的修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)使用well，不用very。
【教材原句】 There were other creatures that I didn’t want to get too close to－an eel with its strong sharp teeth，with_only_its_head_showing_from_a_hole，watching for a tasty fish(or my tasty toe！)；and the giant clam half buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips.(P24)
還有一些其他的動(dòng)物，我不想太靠近它們--一條帶有利齒的海鰻，從洞穴里探出頭來(lái)，望著可供美餐的魚(yú)過(guò)來(lái)(或者在等著我美味的腳趾伸過(guò)去！)；一個(gè)巨大的蛤蜊半掩在珊瑚礁中，等待著有什么東西游過(guò)來(lái)，游到它寬厚的綠嘴唇中去。
【句法分析】 “with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”表示動(dòng)作或伴隨情況，在句中一般作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。它的構(gòu)成形式為with＋名詞＋形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/動(dòng)詞不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)。
(1)with＋n.＋介詞短語(yǔ)
①The little girl came to a stream，with red flowers and green grass on both sides.
小女孩來(lái)到一條小溪邊，小溪的兩岸長(zhǎng)著紅花綠草。
②The teacher entered the classroom with a thick dictionary in his hand/under his arm.
老師進(jìn)了教室，手里拿著一本厚字典/胳膊底下夾著一本厚字典。
(2)with＋n.＋adj.
③I like sleeping with all the windows open.
我喜歡開(kāi)著窗子睡覺(jué)。
(3)with＋n.＋to do sth.
④With all the clothes to wash，I will be very busy today.
所有的衣服都要洗，今天我將會(huì)很忙。
(4)with＋n.＋doing sth.
⑤Their teacher is a young girl with long hair covering her shoulders.
他們的老師是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)發(fā)披肩的年輕姑娘。
⑥With the boy leading the way，they had no difficulty in finding the house.
有那個(gè)男孩領(lǐng)路，他們很容易就找到了那棟房子。
(5)with＋n.＋done
⑦With his homework finished，the boy went out to play.
做完作業(yè)后，那男孩出去玩了。
(6)with＋n.＋adv.
⑧With her mother away，the little girl felt lonely.
由于媽媽離開(kāi)了，小女孩感到孤獨(dú)。
9．You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
A．for B．when
C．with D．while
解析：選C。句意：你根本無(wú)法體會(huì)，在腳傷得那么厲害的情況下她是怎樣完成接力比賽的。這里是一個(gè)“with＋n./pron.＋done/adj.”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。要注意her foot wounded so much 不是一個(gè)完整句子，所以不能用連詞when，while，for 引導(dǎo)，選B項(xiàng)可以這樣改 when her foot was wounded so much。
[即境活用]
作文指導(dǎo)
提綱類作文
【體裁導(dǎo)航】
提綱類寫作也是情景作文的一種，是通過(guò)給出段落提綱或者給出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)等提示的一種“引領(lǐng)”性的寫作。
無(wú)論是英語(yǔ)的段落主旨句、提綱提示，還是漢語(yǔ)的詞組或短語(yǔ)等引導(dǎo)寫作思路，進(jìn)行習(xí)作時(shí)，畢竟減少了審題環(huán)節(jié)，也不用謀篇布局、重組語(yǔ)序，所以，在寫作練習(xí)的初級(jí)階段，這種習(xí)作形式尤其受到師生的歡迎。
做這類寫作題要特別注意以下三點(diǎn)：
1．要按照所提供的“綱”的思路而寫；
2．要考慮提供的各“點(diǎn)”之間該用什么樣的連接詞、連接句，以及上下句之間的關(guān)系；
3．看有無(wú)題目要求，有無(wú)詞數(shù)限制，有無(wú)邏輯悖理現(xiàn)象(觀點(diǎn)不要悖理或前后矛盾)。
總之，能做到循“綱”蹈“句”、“綱舉目張”，此類寫作便能順利完成。
【寫作要領(lǐng)】
一、審題
1．體裁：題目中已明確給出可以寫記敘文也可以寫議論文。
2．時(shí)態(tài)和人稱：如果寫記敘文，應(yīng)是結(jié)合過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件來(lái)說(shuō)明怎樣有一個(gè)好的心情，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和第一人稱。如果寫議論文，則應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和第三人稱。
二、謀篇
1．記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：
Para.1：描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的一件令人心情不好的事情以及由此產(chǎn)生的不良情緒。
Para.2：講述如何從壞心情轉(zhuǎn)至好心情的。
2．議論文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為：
Para.1：提出問(wèn)題：好心情的重要性。
Para.2：分析問(wèn)題：產(chǎn)生壞心情的原因。
Para.3：解決問(wèn)題：調(diào)整心情的方法。
三、注意事項(xiàng)
提綱作文雖然給出了寫作的要點(diǎn)，但要點(diǎn)非常簡(jiǎn)略，因而還需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行豐富和拓展。
【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】
Turning a bad mood into a good one
①At the end of the last semester，I got a C in the English examination.②When I knew the result，I couldn’t hold back my tears.③My mood was terrible and I thought the world was coming to an end.④I feared to see my English teacher and I thought my classmates would laught at me.⑤My parents weren’t satisfied with me and maybe they would scold me.⑥So I even wanted to leave my school and family.
⑦But after a while，I found I was wrong for I came to realize “Failure is the mother of success”．⑧What I should do was to find the reason why I got so bad a result.⑨And I thought this was a lesson to me and it helped me to find my shortcomings.⑩Maybe it could help me to improve my English.So my bad mood turned into a good one.
1．文章標(biāo)題，不要遺漏
本段為造成心情不佳的事件以及造成的影響，具體如下：
(1)①言簡(jiǎn)意賅地點(diǎn)明導(dǎo)致心情不佳的事件。
(2)②③為具體心情不佳的表現(xiàn)。
(3)④⑤為導(dǎo)致心情不佳的心理原因。
(4)⑥為心情不佳造成的影響--想離家(學(xué)校)出走。
(5)綜上所述，整個(gè)事件的敘述娓娓道來(lái)，語(yǔ)意連貫，步步深入。
2．本段為“我的心情是如何由壞變好的”。具體過(guò)程如下：
意識(shí)到“失敗是成功之母”--自我反省--吸取教訓(xùn)--提升英語(yǔ)--心情變好。
3．本文作者心情由壞變好的原因就是“自我反思，不放棄，繼續(xù)努力”。當(dāng)然也可以借助外力，如老師、父母的教導(dǎo)，書中的某一句話等都可以成為心情變好的原因。
【類題嘗試】
(2011年山東濰坊質(zhì)檢)假如你是李華，你們學(xué)校最近開(kāi)展了創(chuàng)建“平安校園”的活動(dòng)。你們班為此組織主題班會(huì)，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一篇發(fā)言稿，談一談你對(duì)如何創(chuàng)建“平安校園”的一些想法。短文應(yīng)該包括下面的內(nèi)容：
1．安全意識(shí)的重要性；
2．在運(yùn)動(dòng)中要注意安全；
3．在校內(nèi)要注意人身安全；
4．同學(xué)間發(fā)生矛盾時(shí)，一定要保持冷靜、理智；
5．逐步將“平安校園”活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為全體師生的實(shí)際行動(dòng)。
注意：
1．不要逐句翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫；
2．詞數(shù)：120左右；
3．文章開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：校園安全safety at school
My dear classmates，
There is no denying that safety plays an important part in our daily life.Recently our school has carried out a program aimed at making our campus a safe place to stay on.
______________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My_dear_classmates，
There_is_no_denying_that_safety_plays_an_important_part_in_our_daily_life.Recently_our_school_has_carried_out_a_program_aimed_at_making_our_campus_a_safe_place_to_stay_on.
I consider this as indeed a good practice，which will make us aware that safety should always come first in our daily life，whether when we stay at school or outside it.When we are doing sports，we should attach importance to the safety and avoid being hurt.
Furthermore，when we get into trouble with our classmates，we should remain calm and avoid any form of fighting，which may only bring suffering and pain to us mentally and physically.
As far as I’m concerned，I feel all the students and teachers should work hard and creatively to keep the “safety at school” activity in mind.Besides，we are supposed to observe the law discipline where we are at any moment.
Thanks.
（小周）